Exclude documentation files from language statistics

Documentation is an important part of a software project but is not
generally thought of as part of the code for that project. Repository
language statistics are used to quantify the project's code, so it makes
sense to exclude documentation from those computations.

Documentation files are recognized similarly to vendored files.
lib/linguist/documentation.yml contains regular expressions to match
common names for documentation files. A new linguist-documentation Git
attribute can be used to override those conventions.

lib/linguist/blob_helper.rb

@@ -236,6 +236,21 @@ module Linguist
       name =~ VendoredRegexp ? true : false
     end
 
+    documentation_paths = YAML.load_file(File.expand_path("../documentation.yml", __FILE__))
+    DocumentationRegexp = Regexp.new(documentation_paths.join('|'))
+
+    # Public: Is the blob in a documentation directory?
+    #
+    # Documentation files are ignored by language statistics.
+    #
+    # See "documentation.yml" for a list of documentation conventions that match
+    # this pattern.
+    #
+    # Return true or false
+    def documentation?
+      name =~ DocumentationRegexp ? true : false
+    end
+
     # Public: Get each line of data
     #
     # Requires Blob#data