Exclude documentation files from language statistics

Documentation is an important part of a software project but is not
generally thought of as part of the code for that project. Repository
language statistics are used to quantify the project's code, so it makes
sense to exclude documentation from those computations.

Documentation files are recognized similarly to vendored files.
lib/linguist/documentation.yml contains regular expressions to match
common names for documentation files. A new linguist-documentation Git
attribute can be used to override those conventions.

lib/linguist/documentation.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Documentation files and directories are excluded from language
+# statistics.
+#
+# Lines in this file are Regexps that are matched against the file
+# pathname.
+#
+# Please add additional test coverage to
+# `test/test_blob.rb#test_documentation` if you make any changes.
+
+## Documentation Conventions ##
+
+- ^docs?/
+- ^Documentation/
+
+- (^|/)CONTRIBUTING(\.|$)
+- (^|/)COPYING(\.|$)
+- (^|/)LICEN[CS]E(\.|$)
+- (^|/)README(\.|$)