linguist/lib/linguist/heuristics.rb

module Linguist
  # A collection of simple heuristics that can be used to better analyze languages.
  class Heuristics
    # Public: Use heuristics to detect language of the blob.
    #
    # blob               - An object that quacks like a blob.
    # possible_languages - Array of Language objects
    #
    # Examples
    #
    #   Heuristics.call(FileBlob.new("path/to/file"), [
    #     Language["Ruby"], Language["Python"]
    #   ])
    #
    # Returns an Array of languages, or empty if none matched or were inconclusive.
    def self.call(blob, languages)
      data = blob.data

      @heuristics.each do |heuristic|
        return Array(heuristic.call(data)) if heuristic.matches?(languages)
      end

      [] # No heuristics matched
    end

    # Internal: Define a new heuristic.
    #
    # languages - String names of languages to disambiguate.
    # heuristic - Block which takes data as an argument and returns a Language or nil.
    #
    # Examples
    #
    #     disambiguate "Perl", "Prolog" do |data|
    #       if data.include?("use strict")
    #         Language["Perl"]
    #       elsif /^[^#]+:-/.match(data)
    #         Language["Prolog"]
    #       end
    #     end
    #
    def self.disambiguate(*languages, &heuristic)
      @heuristics << new(languages, &heuristic)
    end

    # Internal: Array of defined heuristics
    @heuristics = []

    # Internal
    def initialize(languages, &heuristic)
      @languages = languages
      @heuristic = heuristic
    end

    # Internal: Check if this heuristic matches the candidate languages.
    def matches?(candidates)
      candidates.any? && candidates.all? { |l| @languages.include?(l.name) }
    end

    # Internal: Perform the heuristic
    def call(data)
      @heuristic.call(data)
    end

    # Common heuristics
    ObjectiveCRegex = /^[ \t]*@(interface|class|protocol|property|end|synchronised|selector|implementation)\b/

    disambiguate "BitBake", "BlitzBasic" do |data|
      if /^\s*; /.match(data) || data.include?("End Function")
        Language["BlitzBasic"]
      elsif /^\s*(# |include|require)\b/.match(data)
        Language["BitBake"]
      end
    end

    disambiguate "C#", "Smalltalk" do |data|
      if /![\w\s]+methodsFor: /.match(data)
        Language["Smalltalk"]
      elsif /^\s*namespace\s*[\w\.]+\s*{/.match(data) || /^\s*\/\//.match(data)
        Language["C#"]
      end
    end

    disambiguate "Objective-C", "C++", "C" do |data|
      if ObjectiveCRegex.match(data)
        Language["Objective-C"]
      elsif (/^\s*#\s*include <(cstdint|string|vector|map|list|array|bitset|queue|stack|forward_list|unordered_map|unordered_set|(i|o|io)stream)>/.match(data) ||
        /^\s*template\s*</.match(data) || /^[ \t]*try/.match(data) || /^[ \t]*catch\s*\(/.match(data) || /^[ \t]*(class|(using[ \t]+)?namespace)\s+\w+/.match(data) || /^[ \t]*(private|public|protected):$/.match(data) || /std::\w+/.match(data))
        Language["C++"]
      end
    end

    disambiguate "Perl", "Perl6", "Prolog" do |data|
      if data.include?("use v6")
        Language["Perl6"]
      elsif data.match(/use strict|use\s+v?5\./)
        Language["Perl"]
      elsif /^[^#]+:-/.match(data)
        Language["Prolog"]
      end
    end

    disambiguate "ECL", "Prolog" do |data|
      if /^[^#]+:-/.match(data)
        Language["Prolog"]
      elsif data.include?(":=")
        Language["ECL"]
      end
    end

    disambiguate "IDL", "Prolog", "INI", "QMake" do |data|
      if /^[^#]+:-/.match(data)
        Language["Prolog"]
      elsif data.include?("last_client=")
        Language["INI"]
      elsif data.include?("HEADERS") && data.include?("SOURCES")
        Language["QMake"]
      elsif /^\s*function[ \w,]+$/.match(data)
        Language["IDL"]
      end
    end

    disambiguate "GAP", "Scilab" do |data|
      if (data.include?("gap> "))
        Language["GAP"]
      # Heads up - we don't usually write heuristics like this (with no regex match)
      else
        Language["Scilab"]
      end
    end

    disambiguate "Common Lisp", "OpenCL", "Cool" do |data|
      if data.include?("(defun ")
        Language["Common Lisp"]
      elsif /^class/x.match(data)
        Language["Cool"]
      elsif /\/\* |\/\/ |^\}/.match(data)
        Language["OpenCL"]
      end
    end

    disambiguate "Hack", "PHP" do |data|
      if data.include?("<?hh")
        Language["Hack"]
      elsif /<?[^h]/.match(data)
        Language["PHP"]
      end
    end

    disambiguate "Scala", "SuperCollider" do |data|
      if /\^(this|super)\./.match(data) || /^\s*(\+|\*)\s*\w+\s*{/.match(data) || /^\s*~\w+\s*=\./.match(data)
        Language["SuperCollider"]
      elsif /^\s*import (scala|java)\./.match(data) || /^\s*val\s+\w+\s*=/.match(data) || /^\s*class\b/.match(data)
        Language["Scala"]
      end
    end

    disambiguate "AsciiDoc", "AGS Script", "Public Key" do |data|
      if /^[=-]+(\s|\n)|{{[A-Za-z]/.match(data)
        Language["AsciiDoc"]
      elsif /^(\/\/.+|((import|export)\s+)?(function|int|float|char)\s+((room|repeatedly|on|game)_)?([A-Za-z]+[A-Za-z_0-9]+)\s*[;\(])/.match(data)
        Language["AGS Script"]
      elsif /^-----BEGIN/.match(data)
        Language["Public Key"]
      end
    end

    disambiguate "FORTRAN", "Forth", "Formatted" do |data|
      if /^: /.match(data)
        Language["Forth"]
      elsif /^([c*][^a-z]|      (subroutine|program)\s|\s*!)/i.match(data)
        Language["FORTRAN"]
      end
    end

    disambiguate "F#", "Forth", "GLSL", "Filterscript" do |data|
      if /^(: |new-device)/.match(data)
        Language["Forth"]
      elsif /^\s*(#light|import|let|module|namespace|open|type)/.match(data)
        Language["F#"]
      elsif /^\s*(#version|precision|uniform|varying|vec[234])/.match(data)
        Language["GLSL"]
      elsif /#include|#pragma\s+(rs|version)|__attribute__/.match(data)
        Language["Filterscript"]
      end
    end

    disambiguate "Limbo", "M", "MUF", "Mathematica", "Matlab", "Mercury", "Objective-C" do |data|
      if ObjectiveCRegex.match(data)
        Language["Objective-C"]
      elsif data.include?(":- module")
        Language["Mercury"]
      elsif /^: /.match(data)
        Language["MUF"]
      elsif /^\s*;/.match(data)
        Language["M"]
      elsif /^\s*\(\*/.match(data)
        Language["Mathematica"]
      elsif /^\s*%/.match(data)
        Language["Matlab"]
      elsif /^\w+\s*:\s*module\s*{/.match(data)
        Language["Limbo"]
      end
    end

    disambiguate "Gosu", "JavaScript" do |data|
      Language["Gosu"] if /^uses java\./.match(data)
    end

    disambiguate "LoomScript", "LiveScript" do |data|
      if /^\s*package\s*[\w\.\/\*\s]*\s*{/.match(data)
        Language["LoomScript"]
      else
        Language["LiveScript"]
      end
    end

    disambiguate "Common Lisp", "NewLisp" do |data|
      if /^\s*\((defun|in-package|defpackage) /.match(data)
        Language["Common Lisp"]
      elsif /^\s*\(define /.match(data)
        Language["NewLisp"]
      end
    end

    disambiguate "TypeScript", "XML" do |data|
      if data.include?("<TS ")
        Language["XML"]
      else
        Language["TypeScript"]
      end
    end

    disambiguate "Frege", "Forth", "Text" do |data|
      if /^(: |also |new-device|previous )/.match(data)
        Language["Forth"]
      elsif /^\s*(import|module|package|data|type) /.match(data)
        Language["Frege"]
      else
        Language["Text"]
      end
    end

    disambiguate "PLSQL", "SQLPL", "PLpgSQL", "SQL" do |data|
      if /^\\i\b|AS \$\$|LANGUAGE '+plpgsql'+/i.match(data) || /SECURITY (DEFINER|INVOKER)/i.match(data) || /BEGIN( WORK| TRANSACTION)?;/i.match(data)
        #Postgres
        Language["PLpgSQL"]
      elsif /(alter module)|(language sql)|(begin( NOT)+ atomic)/i.match(data)  || /signal SQLSTATE '[0-9]+'/i.match(data)
        #IBM db2
        Language["SQLPL"]
      elsif /pragma|\$\$PLSQL_|XMLTYPE|sysdate|systimestamp|\.nextval|connect by|AUTHID (DEFINER|CURRENT_USER)/i.match(data) || /constructor\W+function/i.match(data)
        #Oracle
        Language["PLSQL"]
      elsif ! /begin|boolean|package|exception/i.match(data)
        #Generic SQL
        Language["SQL"]
      end
    end

    disambiguate "D", "DTrace", "Makefile" do |data|
      if /^module /.match(data)
        Language["D"]
      elsif /^((dtrace:::)?BEGIN|provider |#pragma (D (option|attributes)|ident)\s)/.match(data)
        Language["DTrace"]
      elsif /(\/.*:( .* \\)$| : \\$|^ : |: \\$)/.match(data)
        Language["Makefile"]
      end
    end

    disambiguate "OCaml", "Standard ML" do |data|
      if /(^\s*module)|let rec |match\s+(\S+\s)+with/.match(data)
        Language["OCaml"]
      elsif /=> |case\s+(\S+\s)+of/.match(data)
        Language["Standard ML"]
      end
    end

    disambiguate "NL", "NewLisp" do |data|
      if /^g3 /.match(data)
        Language["NL"]
      else
        Language["NewLisp"]
      end
    end

    disambiguate "Rust", "RenderScript" do |data|
      if data.include?("^(use |fn |mod |pub |macro_rules|impl|#!?\[)")
        Language["Rust"]
      elsif /#include|#pragma\s+(rs|version)|__attribute__/.match(data)
        Language["RenderScript"]
      end
    end
  end
end