Replace the tokenizer with a flex-based scanner (#3846)

* Lex everything except SGML, multiline, SHEBANG * Prepend SHEBANG#! to tokens * Support SGML tag/attribute extraction * Multiline comments * WIP cont'd; productionifying * Compile before test * Add extension to gemspec * Add flex task to build lexer * Reentrant extra data storage * regenerate lexer * use prefix * rebuild lexer on linux * Optimise a number of operations: * Don't read and split the entire file if we only ever use the first/last n lines * Only consider the first 50KiB when using heuristics/classifying. This can save a *lot* of time; running a large number of regexes over 1MiB of text takes a while. * Memoize File.size/read/stat; re-reading in a 500KiB file every time `data` is called adds up a lot. * Use single regex for C++ * act like #lines * [1][-2..-1] => nil, ffs * k may not be set
2025-10-28 17:20:22 +00:00 · 2017-10-31 11:06:56 +11:00
parent 21babbceb1
commit 99eaf5faf9
15 changed files with 8914 additions and 202 deletions
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -8,3 +8,6 @@ lib/linguist/samples.json
 /node_modules
 test/fixtures/ace_modes.json
 /vendor/gems/
+/tmp
+*.bundle
+*.so
--- a/23
+++ b/23
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 require 'bundler/setup'
 require 'rake/clean'
 require 'rake/testtask'
+require 'rake/extensiontask'
 require 'yaml'
 require 'yajl'
 require 'open-uri'
@@ -10,8 +11,14 @@ task :default => :test

 Rake::TestTask.new

+gem_spec = Gem::Specification.load('github-linguist.gemspec')
+
+Rake::ExtensionTask.new('linguist', gem_spec) do |ext|
+  ext.lib_dir = File.join('lib', 'linguist')
+end
+
 # Extend test task to check for samples and fetch latest Ace modes
-task :test => [:check_samples, :fetch_ace_modes]
+task :test => [:compile, :check_samples, :fetch_ace_modes]

 desc "Check that we have samples.json generated"
 task :check_samples do
@@ -34,12 +41,24 @@ task :fetch_ace_modes do
  end
 end

-task :samples do
+task :samples => :compile do
  require 'linguist/samples'
  json = Yajl.dump(Linguist::Samples.data, :pretty => true)
  File.write 'lib/linguist/samples.json', json
 end

+FLEX_MIN_VER = [2, 5, 39]
+task :flex do
+  if `flex -V` !~ /^flex (\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)/
+    fail "flex not detected"
+  end
+  maj, min, rev = $1.to_i, $2.to_i, $3.to_i
+  if maj < FLEX_MIN_VER[0] || (maj == FLEX_MIN_VER[0] && (min < FLEX_MIN_VER[1] || (min == FLEX_MIN_VER[1] && rev < FLEX_MIN_VER[2])))
+    fail "building linguist's lexer requires at least flex #{FLEX_MIN_VER.join(".")}"
+  end
+  system "cd ext/linguist && flex tokenizer.l"
+end
+
 task :build_gem => :samples do
  rm_rf "grammars"
  sh "script/convert-grammars"
--- a/ext/linguist/extconf.rb
+++ b/ext/linguist/extconf.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+require 'mkmf'
+dir_config('linguist')
+create_makefile('linguist/linguist')
--- a/ext/linguist/lex.linguist_yy.c
+++ b/ext/linguist/lex.linguist_yy.c
--- a/ext/linguist/lex.linguist_yy.h
+++ b/ext/linguist/lex.linguist_yy.h
@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+#ifndef linguist_yyHEADER_H
+#define linguist_yyHEADER_H 1
+#define linguist_yyIN_HEADER 1
+
+#line 6 "lex.linguist_yy.h"
+
+#define  YY_INT_ALIGNED short int
+
+/* A lexical scanner generated by flex */
+
+#define FLEX_SCANNER
+#define YY_FLEX_MAJOR_VERSION 2
+#define YY_FLEX_MINOR_VERSION 5
+#define YY_FLEX_SUBMINOR_VERSION 39
+#if YY_FLEX_SUBMINOR_VERSION > 0
+#define FLEX_BETA
+#endif
+
+/* First, we deal with  platform-specific or compiler-specific issues. */
+
+/* begin standard C headers. */
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+/* end standard C headers. */
+
+/* flex integer type definitions */
+
+#ifndef FLEXINT_H
+#define FLEXINT_H
+
+/* C99 systems have <inttypes.h>. Non-C99 systems may or may not. */
+
+#if defined (__STDC_VERSION__) && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L
+
+/* C99 says to define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS before including stdint.h,
+ * if you want the limit (max/min) macros for int types. 
+ */
+#ifndef __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
+#define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS 1
+#endif
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+typedef int8_t flex_int8_t;
+typedef uint8_t flex_uint8_t;
+typedef int16_t flex_int16_t;
+typedef uint16_t flex_uint16_t;
+typedef int32_t flex_int32_t;
+typedef uint32_t flex_uint32_t;
+#else
+typedef signed char flex_int8_t;
+typedef short int flex_int16_t;
+typedef int flex_int32_t;
+typedef unsigned char flex_uint8_t; 
+typedef unsigned short int flex_uint16_t;
+typedef unsigned int flex_uint32_t;
+
+/* Limits of integral types. */
+#ifndef INT8_MIN
+#define INT8_MIN               (-128)
+#endif
+#ifndef INT16_MIN
+#define INT16_MIN              (-32767-1)
+#endif
+#ifndef INT32_MIN
+#define INT32_MIN              (-2147483647-1)
+#endif
+#ifndef INT8_MAX
+#define INT8_MAX               (127)
+#endif
+#ifndef INT16_MAX
+#define INT16_MAX              (32767)
+#endif
+#ifndef INT32_MAX
+#define INT32_MAX              (2147483647)
+#endif
+#ifndef UINT8_MAX
+#define UINT8_MAX              (255U)
+#endif
+#ifndef UINT16_MAX
+#define UINT16_MAX             (65535U)
+#endif
+#ifndef UINT32_MAX
+#define UINT32_MAX             (4294967295U)
+#endif
+
+#endif /* ! C99 */
+
+#endif /* ! FLEXINT_H */
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+
+/* The "const" storage-class-modifier is valid. */
+#define YY_USE_CONST
+
+#else	/* ! __cplusplus */
+
+/* C99 requires __STDC__ to be defined as 1. */
+#if defined (__STDC__)
+
+#define YY_USE_CONST
+
+#endif	/* defined (__STDC__) */
+#endif	/* ! __cplusplus */
+
+#ifdef YY_USE_CONST
+#define yyconst const
+#else
+#define yyconst
+#endif
+
+/* An opaque pointer. */
+#ifndef YY_TYPEDEF_YY_SCANNER_T
+#define YY_TYPEDEF_YY_SCANNER_T
+typedef void* yyscan_t;
+#endif
+
+/* For convenience, these vars (plus the bison vars far below)
+   are macros in the reentrant scanner. */
+#define yyin yyg->yyin_r
+#define yyout yyg->yyout_r
+#define yyextra yyg->yyextra_r
+#define yyleng yyg->yyleng_r
+#define yytext yyg->yytext_r
+#define yylineno (YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_bs_lineno)
+#define yycolumn (YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_bs_column)
+#define yy_flex_debug yyg->yy_flex_debug_r
+
+/* Size of default input buffer. */
+#ifndef YY_BUF_SIZE
+#ifdef __ia64__
+/* On IA-64, the buffer size is 16k, not 8k.
+ * Moreover, YY_BUF_SIZE is 2*YY_READ_BUF_SIZE in the general case.
+ * Ditto for the __ia64__ case accordingly.
+ */
+#define YY_BUF_SIZE 32768
+#else
+#define YY_BUF_SIZE 16384
+#endif /* __ia64__ */
+#endif
+
+#ifndef YY_TYPEDEF_YY_BUFFER_STATE
+#define YY_TYPEDEF_YY_BUFFER_STATE
+typedef struct yy_buffer_state *YY_BUFFER_STATE;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef YY_TYPEDEF_YY_SIZE_T
+#define YY_TYPEDEF_YY_SIZE_T
+typedef size_t yy_size_t;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef YY_STRUCT_YY_BUFFER_STATE
+#define YY_STRUCT_YY_BUFFER_STATE
+struct yy_buffer_state
+	{
+	FILE *yy_input_file;
+
+	char *yy_ch_buf;		/* input buffer */
+	char *yy_buf_pos;		/* current position in input buffer */
+
+	/* Size of input buffer in bytes, not including room for EOB
+	 * characters.
+	 */
+	yy_size_t yy_buf_size;
+
+	/* Number of characters read into yy_ch_buf, not including EOB
+	 * characters.
+	 */
+	yy_size_t yy_n_chars;
+
+	/* Whether we "own" the buffer - i.e., we know we created it,
+	 * and can realloc() it to grow it, and should free() it to
+	 * delete it.
+	 */
+	int yy_is_our_buffer;
+
+	/* Whether this is an "interactive" input source; if so, and
+	 * if we're using stdio for input, then we want to use getc()
+	 * instead of fread(), to make sure we stop fetching input after
+	 * each newline.
+	 */
+	int yy_is_interactive;
+
+	/* Whether we're considered to be at the beginning of a line.
+	 * If so, '^' rules will be active on the next match, otherwise
+	 * not.
+	 */
+	int yy_at_bol;
+
+    int yy_bs_lineno; /**< The line count. */
+    int yy_bs_column; /**< The column count. */
+    
+	/* Whether to try to fill the input buffer when we reach the
+	 * end of it.
+	 */
+	int yy_fill_buffer;
+
+	int yy_buffer_status;
+
+	};
+#endif /* !YY_STRUCT_YY_BUFFER_STATE */
+
+void linguist_yyrestart (FILE *input_file ,yyscan_t yyscanner );
+void linguist_yy_switch_to_buffer (YY_BUFFER_STATE new_buffer ,yyscan_t yyscanner );
+YY_BUFFER_STATE linguist_yy_create_buffer (FILE *file,int size ,yyscan_t yyscanner );
+void linguist_yy_delete_buffer (YY_BUFFER_STATE b ,yyscan_t yyscanner );
+void linguist_yy_flush_buffer (YY_BUFFER_STATE b ,yyscan_t yyscanner );
+void linguist_yypush_buffer_state (YY_BUFFER_STATE new_buffer ,yyscan_t yyscanner );
+void linguist_yypop_buffer_state (yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+YY_BUFFER_STATE linguist_yy_scan_buffer (char *base,yy_size_t size ,yyscan_t yyscanner );
+YY_BUFFER_STATE linguist_yy_scan_string (yyconst char *yy_str ,yyscan_t yyscanner );
+YY_BUFFER_STATE linguist_yy_scan_bytes (yyconst char *bytes,yy_size_t len ,yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+void *linguist_yyalloc (yy_size_t ,yyscan_t yyscanner );
+void *linguist_yyrealloc (void *,yy_size_t ,yyscan_t yyscanner );
+void linguist_yyfree (void * ,yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+/* Begin user sect3 */
+
+#define yytext_ptr yytext_r
+
+#ifdef YY_HEADER_EXPORT_START_CONDITIONS
+#define INITIAL 0
+#define sgml 1
+#define c_comment 2
+#define xml_comment 3
+#define haskell_comment 4
+#define ocaml_comment 5
+#define python_dcomment 6
+#define python_scomment 7
+
+#endif
+
+#ifndef YY_NO_UNISTD_H
+/* Special case for "unistd.h", since it is non-ANSI. We include it way
+ * down here because we want the user's section 1 to have been scanned first.
+ * The user has a chance to override it with an option.
+ */
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#define YY_EXTRA_TYPE struct tokenizer_extra *
+
+int linguist_yylex_init (yyscan_t* scanner);
+
+int linguist_yylex_init_extra (YY_EXTRA_TYPE user_defined,yyscan_t* scanner);
+
+/* Accessor methods to globals.
+   These are made visible to non-reentrant scanners for convenience. */
+
+int linguist_yylex_destroy (yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+int linguist_yyget_debug (yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+void linguist_yyset_debug (int debug_flag ,yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+YY_EXTRA_TYPE linguist_yyget_extra (yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+void linguist_yyset_extra (YY_EXTRA_TYPE user_defined ,yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+FILE *linguist_yyget_in (yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+void linguist_yyset_in  (FILE * in_str ,yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+FILE *linguist_yyget_out (yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+void linguist_yyset_out  (FILE * out_str ,yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+yy_size_t linguist_yyget_leng (yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+char *linguist_yyget_text (yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+int linguist_yyget_lineno (yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+void linguist_yyset_lineno (int line_number ,yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+int linguist_yyget_column  (yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+void linguist_yyset_column (int column_no ,yyscan_t yyscanner );
+
+/* Macros after this point can all be overridden by user definitions in
+ * section 1.
+ */
+
+#ifndef YY_SKIP_YYWRAP
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" int linguist_yywrap (yyscan_t yyscanner );
+#else
+extern int linguist_yywrap (yyscan_t yyscanner );
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef yytext_ptr
+static void yy_flex_strncpy (char *,yyconst char *,int ,yyscan_t yyscanner);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef YY_NEED_STRLEN
+static int yy_flex_strlen (yyconst char * ,yyscan_t yyscanner);
+#endif
+
+#ifndef YY_NO_INPUT
+
+#endif
+
+/* Amount of stuff to slurp up with each read. */
+#ifndef YY_READ_BUF_SIZE
+#ifdef __ia64__
+/* On IA-64, the buffer size is 16k, not 8k */
+#define YY_READ_BUF_SIZE 16384
+#else
+#define YY_READ_BUF_SIZE 8192
+#endif /* __ia64__ */
+#endif
+
+/* Number of entries by which start-condition stack grows. */
+#ifndef YY_START_STACK_INCR
+#define YY_START_STACK_INCR 25
+#endif
+
+/* Default declaration of generated scanner - a define so the user can
+ * easily add parameters.
+ */
+#ifndef YY_DECL
+#define YY_DECL_IS_OURS 1
+
+extern int linguist_yylex (yyscan_t yyscanner);
+
+#define YY_DECL int linguist_yylex (yyscan_t yyscanner)
+#endif /* !YY_DECL */
+
+/* yy_get_previous_state - get the state just before the EOB char was reached */
+
+#undef YY_NEW_FILE
+#undef YY_FLUSH_BUFFER
+#undef yy_set_bol
+#undef yy_new_buffer
+#undef yy_set_interactive
+#undef YY_DO_BEFORE_ACTION
+
+#ifdef YY_DECL_IS_OURS
+#undef YY_DECL_IS_OURS
+#undef YY_DECL
+#endif
+
+#line 117 "tokenizer.l"
+
+
+#line 352 "lex.linguist_yy.h"
+#undef linguist_yyIN_HEADER
+#endif /* linguist_yyHEADER_H */
--- a/ext/linguist/linguist.c
+++ b/ext/linguist/linguist.c
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#include "ruby.h"
+#include "linguist.h"
+#include "lex.linguist_yy.h"
+
+int linguist_yywrap(yyscan_t yyscanner) {
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_tokenizer_extract_tokens(VALUE self, VALUE rb_data) {
+	YY_BUFFER_STATE buf;
+	yyscan_t scanner;
+	struct tokenizer_extra extra;
+	VALUE ary, s;
+	long len;
+	int r;
+
+	Check_Type(rb_data, T_STRING);
+
+	len = RSTRING_LEN(rb_data);
+	if (len > 100000)
+		len = 100000;
+
+	linguist_yylex_init_extra(&extra, &scanner);
+	buf = linguist_yy_scan_bytes(RSTRING_PTR(rb_data), (int) len, scanner);
+
+	ary = rb_ary_new();
+	do {
+		extra.type = NO_ACTION;
+		extra.token = NULL;
+		r = linguist_yylex(scanner);
+		switch (extra.type) {
+		case NO_ACTION:
+			break;
+		case REGULAR_TOKEN:
+			rb_ary_push(ary, rb_str_new2(extra.token));
+			free(extra.token);
+			break;
+		case SHEBANG_TOKEN:
+			s = rb_str_new2("SHEBANG#!");
+			rb_str_cat2(s, extra.token);
+			rb_ary_push(ary, s);
+			free(extra.token);
+			break;
+		case SGML_TOKEN:
+			s = rb_str_new2(extra.token);
+			rb_str_cat2(s, ">");
+			rb_ary_push(ary, s);
+			free(extra.token);
+			break;
+		}
+	} while (r);
+
+	linguist_yy_delete_buffer(buf, scanner);
+	linguist_yylex_destroy(scanner);
+
+	return ary;
+}
+
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) void Init_linguist() {
+	VALUE rb_mLinguist = rb_define_module("Linguist");
+	VALUE rb_cTokenizer = rb_define_class_under(rb_mLinguist, "Tokenizer", rb_cObject);
+
+	rb_define_method(rb_cTokenizer, "extract_tokens", rb_tokenizer_extract_tokens, 1);
+}
--- a/ext/linguist/linguist.h
+++ b/ext/linguist/linguist.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+enum tokenizer_type {
+  NO_ACTION,
+  REGULAR_TOKEN,
+  SHEBANG_TOKEN,
+  SGML_TOKEN,
+};
+
+struct tokenizer_extra {
+  char *token;
+  enum tokenizer_type type;
+};
--- a/ext/linguist/tokenizer.l
+++ b/ext/linguist/tokenizer.l
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+%{
+
+#include "linguist.h"
+
+#define feed_token(tok, typ) do { \
+    yyextra->token = (tok); \
+    yyextra->type = (typ); \
+  } while (0)
+
+#define eat_until_eol() do { \
+    int c; \
+    while ((c = input(yyscanner)) != '\n' && c != EOF); \
+    if (c == EOF) \
+      yyterminate(); \
+  } while (0)
+
+#define eat_until_unescaped(q) do { \
+    int c; \
+    while ((c = input(yyscanner)) != EOF) { \
+      if (c == '\n') \
+        break; \
+      if (c == '\\') { \
+        c = input(yyscanner); \
+        if (c == EOF) \
+          yyterminate(); \
+      } else if (c == q) \
+        break; \
+    } \
+    if (c == EOF) \
+      yyterminate(); \
+  } while (0)
+
+%}
+
+%option never-interactive yywrap reentrant nounput warn nodefault header-file="lex.linguist_yy.h" extra-type="struct tokenizer_extra *" prefix="linguist_yy"
+%x sgml c_comment xml_comment haskell_comment ocaml_comment python_dcomment python_scomment
+
+%%
+
+^#![ \t]*([[:alnum:]_\/]*\/)?env([ \t]+([^ \t=]*=[^ \t]*))*[ \t]+[[:alpha:]_]+ {
+    const char *off = strrchr(yytext, ' ');
+    if (!off)
+      off = yytext;
+    else
+      ++off;
+    feed_token(strdup(off), SHEBANG_TOKEN);
+    eat_until_eol();
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+^#![ \t]*[[:alpha:]_\/]+ {
+    const char *off = strrchr(yytext, '/');
+    if (!off)
+      off = yytext;
+    else
+      ++off;
+    if (strcmp(off, "env") == 0) {
+      eat_until_eol();
+    } else {
+      feed_token(strdup(off), SHEBANG_TOKEN);
+      eat_until_eol();
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+^[ \t]*(\/\/|--|\#|%|\")" ".*   { /* nothing */ }
+
+"/*"                              { BEGIN(c_comment); }
+  /* See below for xml_comment start. */
+"{-"                              { BEGIN(haskell_comment); }
+"(*"                              { BEGIN(ocaml_comment); }
+"\"\"\""                          { BEGIN(python_dcomment); }
+"'''"                             { BEGIN(python_scomment); }
+
+<c_comment,xml_comment,haskell_comment,ocaml_comment,python_dcomment,python_scomment>.|\n { /* nothing */ }
+<c_comment>"*/"                   { BEGIN(INITIAL); }
+<xml_comment>"-->"                { BEGIN(INITIAL); }
+<haskell_comment>"-}"             { BEGIN(INITIAL); }
+<ocaml_comment>"*)"               { BEGIN(INITIAL); }
+<python_dcomment>"\"\"\""         { BEGIN(INITIAL); }
+<python_scomment>"'''"            { BEGIN(INITIAL); }
+
+\"\"|''                           { /* nothing */ }
+\"                                { eat_until_unescaped('"'); }
+'                                 { eat_until_unescaped('\''); }
+(0x[0-9a-fA-F]([0-9a-fA-F]|\.)*|[0-9]([0-9]|\.)*)([uU][lL]{0,2}|([eE][-+][0-9]*)?[fFlL]*) { /* nothing */ }
+\<[^ \t\n\r<>]+/>|" "[^<>\n]{0,2048}>               {
+    if (strcmp(yytext, "<!--") == 0) {
+     BEGIN(xml_comment);
+    } else {
+      feed_token(strdup(yytext), SGML_TOKEN);
+      BEGIN(sgml);
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+<sgml>[[:alnum:]_]+=/\"           { feed_token(strdup(yytext), REGULAR_TOKEN); input(yyscanner); eat_until_unescaped('"'); return 1; }
+<sgml>[[:alnum:]_]+=/'            { feed_token(strdup(yytext), REGULAR_TOKEN); input(yyscanner); eat_until_unescaped('\''); return 1; }
+<sgml>[[:alnum:]_]+=[[:alnum:]_]* { feed_token(strdup(yytext), REGULAR_TOKEN); *(strchr(yyextra->token, '=') + 1) = 0; return 1; }
+<sgml>[[:alnum:]_]+               { feed_token(strdup(yytext), REGULAR_TOKEN); return 1; }
+<sgml>\>                          { BEGIN(INITIAL); }
+<sgml>.|\n                        { /* nothing */ }
+;|\{|\}|\(|\)|\[|\]               { feed_token(strdup(yytext), REGULAR_TOKEN); return 1; }
+[[:alnum:]_.@#/*]+                {
+    if (strncmp(yytext, "/*", 2) == 0) {
+      if (strlen(yytext) >= 4 && strcmp(yytext + strlen(yytext) - 2, "*/") == 0) {
+        /* nothing */
+      } else {
+        BEGIN(c_comment);
+      }
+    } else {
+      feed_token(strdup(yytext), REGULAR_TOKEN);
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+\<\<?|\+|\-|\*|\/|%|&&?|\|\|?     { feed_token(strdup(yytext), REGULAR_TOKEN); return 1; }
+.|\n                              { /* nothing */ }
+
+%%
+
--- a/github-linguist.gemspec
+++ b/github-linguist.gemspec
@@ -10,8 +10,9 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |s|
  s.homepage = "https://github.com/github/linguist"
  s.license  = "MIT"

-  s.files = Dir['lib/**/*'] + Dir['grammars/*'] + ['LICENSE']
+  s.files = Dir['lib/**/*'] + Dir['ext/**/*'] + Dir['grammars/*'] + ['LICENSE']
  s.executables = ['linguist', 'git-linguist']
+  s.extensions = ['ext/linguist/extconf.rb']

  s.add_dependency 'charlock_holmes', '~> 0.7.5'
  s.add_dependency 'escape_utils',    '~> 1.1.0'
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |s|
  s.add_dependency 'rugged',          '>= 0.25.1'

  s.add_development_dependency 'minitest', '>= 5.0'
+  s.add_development_dependency 'rake-compiler', '~> 0.9'
  s.add_development_dependency 'mocha'
  s.add_development_dependency 'plist', '~>3.1'
  s.add_development_dependency 'pry'
--- a/lib/linguist/blob_helper.rb
+++ b/lib/linguist/blob_helper.rb
@@ -275,10 +275,8 @@ module Linguist
          # also--importantly--without having to duplicate many (potentially
          # large) strings.
          begin
-            encoded_newlines = ["\r\n", "\r", "\n"].
-              map { |nl| nl.encode(ruby_encoding, "ASCII-8BIT").force_encoding(data.encoding) }
-
-            data.split(Regexp.union(encoded_newlines), -1)
+            
+            data.split(encoded_newlines_re, -1)
          rescue Encoding::ConverterNotFoundError
            # The data is not splittable in the detected encoding.  Assume it's
            # one big line.
@@ -289,6 +287,51 @@ module Linguist
        end
    end

+    def encoded_newlines_re
+      @encoded_newlines_re ||= Regexp.union(["\r\n", "\r", "\n"].
+                                              map { |nl| nl.encode(ruby_encoding, "ASCII-8BIT").force_encoding(data.encoding) })
+
+    end
+
+    def first_lines(n)
+      return lines[0...n] if defined? @lines
+      return [] unless viewable? && data
+
+      i, c = 0, 0
+      while c < n && j = data.index(encoded_newlines_re, i)
+        i = j + $&.length
+        c += 1
+      end
+      data[0...i].split(encoded_newlines_re, -1)
+    end
+
+    def last_lines(n)
+      if defined? @lines
+        if n >= @lines.length
+          @lines
+        else
+          lines[-n..-1]
+        end
+      end
+      return [] unless viewable? && data
+
+      no_eol = true
+      i, c = data.length, 0
+      k = i
+      while c < n && j = data.rindex(encoded_newlines_re, i - 1)
+        if c == 0 && j + $&.length == i
+          no_eol = false
+          n += 1
+        end
+        i = j
+        k = j + $&.length
+        c += 1
+      end
+      r = data[k..-1].split(encoded_newlines_re, -1)
+      r.pop if !no_eol
+      r
+    end
+
    # Public: Get number of lines of code
    #
    # Requires Blob#data
--- a/lib/linguist/classifier.rb
+++ b/lib/linguist/classifier.rb
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ require 'linguist/tokenizer'
 module Linguist
  # Language bayesian classifier.
  class Classifier
+    CLASSIFIER_CONSIDER_BYTES = 50 * 1024
+
    # Public: Use the classifier to detect language of the blob.
    #
    # blob               - An object that quacks like a blob.
@@ -17,7 +19,7 @@ module Linguist
    # Returns an Array of Language objects, most probable first.
    def self.call(blob, possible_languages)
      language_names = possible_languages.map(&:name)
-      classify(Samples.cache, blob.data, language_names).map do |name, _|
+      classify(Samples.cache, blob.data[0...CLASSIFIER_CONSIDER_BYTES], language_names).map do |name, _|
        Language[name] # Return the actual Language objects
      end
    end
--- a/lib/linguist/file_blob.rb
+++ b/lib/linguist/file_blob.rb
@@ -23,21 +23,21 @@ module Linguist
    #
    # Returns a String like '100644'
    def mode
-      File.stat(@fullpath).mode.to_s(8)
+      @mode ||= File.stat(@fullpath).mode.to_s(8)
    end

    # Public: Read file contents.
    #
    # Returns a String.
    def data
-      File.read(@fullpath)
+      @data ||= File.read(@fullpath)
    end

    # Public: Get byte size
    #
    # Returns an Integer.
    def size
-      File.size(@fullpath)
+      @size ||= File.size(@fullpath)
    end
  end
 end
--- a/lib/linguist/heuristics.rb
+++ b/lib/linguist/heuristics.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 module Linguist
  # A collection of simple heuristics that can be used to better analyze languages.
  class Heuristics
+    HEURISTICS_CONSIDER_BYTES = 50 * 1024
+
    # Public: Use heuristics to detect language of the blob.
    #
    # blob               - An object that quacks like a blob.
@@ -14,7 +16,7 @@ module Linguist
    #
    # Returns an Array of languages, or empty if none matched or were inconclusive.
    def self.call(blob, candidates)
-      data = blob.data
+      data = blob.data[0...HEURISTICS_CONSIDER_BYTES]

      @heuristics.each do |heuristic|
        if heuristic.matches?(blob.name, candidates)
@@ -72,6 +74,14 @@ module Linguist

    # Common heuristics
    ObjectiveCRegex = /^\s*(@(interface|class|protocol|property|end|synchronised|selector|implementation)\b|#import\s+.+\.h[">])/
+    CPlusPlusRegex = Regexp.union(
+        /^\s*#\s*include <(cstdint|string|vector|map|list|array|bitset|queue|stack|forward_list|unordered_map|unordered_set|(i|o|io)stream)>/,
+        /^\s*template\s*</,
+        /^[ \t]*try/,
+        /^[ \t]*catch\s*\(/,
+        /^[ \t]*(class|(using[ \t]+)?namespace)\s+\w+/,
+        /^[ \t]*(private|public|protected):$/,
+        /std::\w+/)

    disambiguate ".as" do |data|
      if /^\s*(package\s+[a-z0-9_\.]+|import\s+[a-zA-Z0-9_\.]+;|class\s+[A-Za-z0-9_]+\s+extends\s+[A-Za-z0-9_]+)/.match(data)
@@ -219,8 +229,7 @@ module Linguist
    disambiguate ".h" do |data|
      if ObjectiveCRegex.match(data)
        Language["Objective-C"]
-      elsif (/^\s*#\s*include <(cstdint|string|vector|map|list|array|bitset|queue|stack|forward_list|unordered_map|unordered_set|(i|o|io)stream)>/.match(data) ||
-        /^\s*template\s*</.match(data) || /^[ \t]*try/.match(data) || /^[ \t]*catch\s*\(/.match(data) || /^[ \t]*(class|(using[ \t]+)?namespace)\s+\w+/.match(data) || /^[ \t]*(private|public|protected):$/.match(data) || /std::\w+/.match(data))
+      elsif CPlusPlusRegex.match(data)
        Language["C++"]
      end
    end
--- a/lib/linguist/strategy/modeline.rb
+++ b/lib/linguist/strategy/modeline.rb
@@ -109,8 +109,8 @@ module Linguist
      # Returns an Array with one Language if the blob has a Vim or Emacs modeline
      # that matches a Language name or alias. Returns an empty array if no match.
      def self.call(blob, _ = nil)
-        header = blob.lines.first(SEARCH_SCOPE).join("\n")
-        footer = blob.lines.last(SEARCH_SCOPE).join("\n")
+        header = blob.first_lines(SEARCH_SCOPE).join("\n")
+        footer = blob.last_lines(SEARCH_SCOPE).join("\n")
        Array(Language.find_by_alias(modeline(header + footer)))
      end

--- a/lib/linguist/tokenizer.rb
+++ b/lib/linguist/tokenizer.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 require 'strscan'
+require 'linguist/linguist'

 module Linguist
  # Generic programming language tokenizer.
@@ -15,191 +16,5 @@ module Linguist
    def self.tokenize(data)
      new.extract_tokens(data)
    end
-
-    # Read up to 100KB
-    BYTE_LIMIT = 100_000
-
-    # Start state on token, ignore anything till the next newline
-    SINGLE_LINE_COMMENTS = [
-      '//', # C
-      '--', # Ada, Haskell, AppleScript
-      '#',  # Ruby
-      '%',  # Tex
-      '"',  # Vim
-    ]
-
-    # Start state on opening token, ignore anything until the closing
-    # token is reached.
-    MULTI_LINE_COMMENTS = [
-      ['/*', '*/'],    # C
-      ['<!--', '-->'], # XML
-      ['{-', '-}'],    # Haskell
-      ['(*', '*)'],    # Coq
-      ['"""', '"""'],  # Python
-      ["'''", "'''"]   # Python
-    ]
-
-    START_SINGLE_LINE_COMMENT =  Regexp.compile(SINGLE_LINE_COMMENTS.map { |c|
-      "\s*#{Regexp.escape(c)} "
-    }.join("|"))
-
-    START_MULTI_LINE_COMMENT =  Regexp.compile(MULTI_LINE_COMMENTS.map { |c|
-      Regexp.escape(c[0])
-    }.join("|"))
-
-    # Internal: Extract generic tokens from data.
-    #
-    # data - String to scan.
-    #
-    # Examples
-    #
-    #   extract_tokens("printf('Hello')")
-    #   # => ['printf', '(', ')']
-    #
-    # Returns Array of token Strings.
-    def extract_tokens(data)
-      s = StringScanner.new(data)
-
-      tokens = []
-      until s.eos?
-        break if s.pos >= BYTE_LIMIT
-
-        if token = s.scan(/^#!.+$/)
-          if name = extract_shebang(token)
-            tokens << "SHEBANG#!#{name}"
-          end
-
-        # Single line comment
-        elsif s.beginning_of_line? && token = s.scan(START_SINGLE_LINE_COMMENT)
-          # tokens << token.strip
-          s.skip_until(/\n|\Z/)
-
-        # Multiline comments
-        elsif token = s.scan(START_MULTI_LINE_COMMENT)
-          # tokens << token
-          close_token = MULTI_LINE_COMMENTS.assoc(token)[1]
-          s.skip_until(Regexp.compile(Regexp.escape(close_token)))
-          # tokens << close_token
-
-        # Skip single or double quoted strings
-        elsif s.scan(/"/)
-          if s.peek(1) == "\""
-            s.getch
-          else
-            s.skip_until(/(?<!\\)"/)
-          end
-        elsif s.scan(/'/)
-          if s.peek(1) == "'"
-            s.getch
-          else
-            s.skip_until(/(?<!\\)'/)
-          end
-
-        # Skip number literals
-        elsif s.scan(/(0x\h(\h|\.)*|\d(\d|\.)*)([uU][lL]{0,2}|([eE][-+]\d*)?[fFlL]*)/)
-
-        # SGML style brackets
-        elsif token = s.scan(/<[^\s<>][^<>]*>/)
-          extract_sgml_tokens(token).each { |t| tokens << t }
-
-        # Common programming punctuation
-        elsif token = s.scan(/;|\{|\}|\(|\)|\[|\]/)
-          tokens << token
-
-        # Regular token
-        elsif token = s.scan(/[\w\.@#\/\*]+/)
-          tokens << token
-
-        # Common operators
-        elsif token = s.scan(/<<?|\+|\-|\*|\/|%|&&?|\|\|?/)
-          tokens << token
-
-        else
-          s.getch
-        end
-      end
-
-      tokens
-    end
-
-    # Internal: Extract normalized shebang command token.
-    #
-    # Examples
-    #
-    #   extract_shebang("#!/usr/bin/ruby")
-    #   # => "ruby"
-    #
-    #   extract_shebang("#!/usr/bin/env node")
-    #   # => "node"
-    #
-    #   extract_shebang("#!/usr/bin/env A=B foo=bar awk -f")
-    #   # => "awk"
-    #
-    # Returns String token or nil it couldn't be parsed.
-    def extract_shebang(data)
-      s = StringScanner.new(data)
-
-      if path = s.scan(/^#!\s*\S+/)
-        script = path.split('/').last
-        if script == 'env'
-          s.scan(/\s+/)
-          s.scan(/.*=[^\s]+\s+/)
-          script = s.scan(/\S+/)
-        end
-        script = script[/[^\d]+/, 0] if script
-        return script
-      end
-
-      nil
-    end
-
-    # Internal: Extract tokens from inside SGML tag.
-    #
-    # data - SGML tag String.
-    #
-    # Examples
-    #
-    #   extract_sgml_tokens("<a href='' class=foo>")
-    #   # => ["<a>", "href="]
-    #
-    # Returns Array of token Strings.
-    def extract_sgml_tokens(data)
-      s = StringScanner.new(data)
-
-      tokens = []
-
-      until s.eos?
-        # Emit start token
-        if token = s.scan(/<\/?[^\s>]+/)
-          tokens << "#{token}>"
-
-        # Emit attributes with trailing =
-        elsif token = s.scan(/\w+=/)
-          tokens << token
-
-          # Then skip over attribute value
-          if s.scan(/"/)
-            s.skip_until(/[^\\]"/)
-          elsif s.scan(/'/)
-            s.skip_until(/[^\\]'/)
-          else
-            s.skip_until(/\w+/)
-          end
-
-        # Emit lone attributes
-        elsif token = s.scan(/\w+/)
-          tokens << token
-
-        # Stop at the end of the tag
-        elsif s.scan(/>/)
-          s.terminate
-
-        else
-          s.getch
-        end
-      end
-
-      tokens
-    end
  end
 end