Release v5.0.9 (#3597)

* Update all grammars

* Update atom-language-clean grammar to match

* Don't update reason grammer

There seems to be a problem with the 1.3.5 release in that the conversion isn't producing a reason entry so doesn't match whats in grammar.yml

* Bump version to 5.0.9

* Update grammars

* Don't update javascript grammar

The current grammar has a known issue and is pending the fix in https://github.com/atom/language-javascript/pull/497

.gitignore

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+*.gem
 /Gemfile.lock
 .bundle/
 .idea

.gitmodules

@@ -67,9 +67,6 @@
 [submodule "vendor/grammars/language-javascript"]
 	path = vendor/grammars/language-javascript
 	url = https://github.com/atom/language-javascript
-[submodule "vendor/grammars/language-python"]
-	path = vendor/grammars/language-python
-	url = https://github.com/atom/language-python
 [submodule "vendor/grammars/language-shellscript"]
 	path = vendor/grammars/language-shellscript
 	url = https://github.com/atom/language-shellscript
@@ -130,9 +127,6 @@
 [submodule "vendor/grammars/Sublime-Text-2-OpenEdge-ABL"]
 	path = vendor/grammars/Sublime-Text-2-OpenEdge-ABL
 	url = https://github.com/jfairbank/Sublime-Text-2-OpenEdge-ABL
-[submodule "vendor/grammars/sublime-rust"]
-	path = vendor/grammars/sublime-rust
-	url = https://github.com/jhasse/sublime-rust
 [submodule "vendor/grammars/sublime-befunge"]
 	path = vendor/grammars/sublime-befunge
 	url = https://github.com/johanasplund/sublime-befunge
@@ -180,7 +174,7 @@
 	url = https://github.com/mokus0/Agda.tmbundle
 [submodule "vendor/grammars/Julia.tmbundle"]
 	path = vendor/grammars/Julia.tmbundle
-	url = https://github.com/nanoant/Julia.tmbundle
+	url = https://github.com/JuliaEditorSupport/Julia.tmbundle
 [submodule "vendor/grammars/ooc.tmbundle"]
 	path = vendor/grammars/ooc.tmbundle
 	url = https://github.com/nilium/ooc.tmbundle
@@ -202,9 +196,6 @@
 [submodule "vendor/grammars/sublime-robot-plugin"]
 	path = vendor/grammars/sublime-robot-plugin
 	url = https://github.com/shellderp/sublime-robot-plugin
-[submodule "vendor/grammars/actionscript3-tmbundle"]
-	path = vendor/grammars/actionscript3-tmbundle
-	url = https://github.com/honzabrecka/actionscript3-tmbundle
 [submodule "vendor/grammars/Sublime-QML"]
 	path = vendor/grammars/Sublime-QML
 	url = https://github.com/skozlovf/Sublime-QML
@@ -250,9 +241,6 @@
 [submodule "vendor/grammars/cpp-qt.tmbundle"]
 	path = vendor/grammars/cpp-qt.tmbundle
 	url = https://github.com/textmate/cpp-qt.tmbundle
-[submodule "vendor/grammars/css.tmbundle"]
-	path = vendor/grammars/css.tmbundle
-	url = https://github.com/textmate/css.tmbundle
 [submodule "vendor/grammars/d.tmbundle"]
 	path = vendor/grammars/d.tmbundle
 	url = https://github.com/textmate/d.tmbundle
@@ -328,9 +316,6 @@
 [submodule "vendor/grammars/nemerle.tmbundle"]
 	path = vendor/grammars/nemerle.tmbundle
 	url = https://github.com/textmate/nemerle.tmbundle
-[submodule "vendor/grammars/ninja.tmbundle"]
-	path = vendor/grammars/ninja.tmbundle
-	url = https://github.com/textmate/ninja.tmbundle
 [submodule "vendor/grammars/objective-c.tmbundle"]
 	path = vendor/grammars/objective-c.tmbundle
 	url = https://github.com/textmate/objective-c.tmbundle
@@ -358,9 +343,6 @@
 [submodule "vendor/grammars/r.tmbundle"]
 	path = vendor/grammars/r.tmbundle
 	url = https://github.com/textmate/r.tmbundle
-[submodule "vendor/grammars/ruby-haml.tmbundle"]
-	path = vendor/grammars/ruby-haml.tmbundle
-	url = https://github.com/textmate/ruby-haml.tmbundle
 [submodule "vendor/grammars/scheme.tmbundle"]
 	path = vendor/grammars/scheme.tmbundle
 	url = https://github.com/textmate/scheme.tmbundle
@@ -452,9 +434,6 @@
 [submodule "vendor/grammars/Sublime-Nit"]
 	path = vendor/grammars/Sublime-Nit
 	url = https://github.com/R4PaSs/Sublime-Nit
-[submodule "vendor/grammars/language-hy"]
-	path = vendor/grammars/language-hy
-	url = https://github.com/rwtolbert/language-hy
 [submodule "vendor/grammars/Racket"]
 	path = vendor/grammars/Racket
 	url = https://github.com/soegaard/racket-highlight-for-github
@@ -632,9 +611,6 @@
 [submodule "vendor/grammars/language-yang"]
 	path = vendor/grammars/language-yang
 	url = https://github.com/DzonyKalafut/language-yang.git
-[submodule "vendor/grammars/perl6fe"]
-	path = vendor/grammars/perl6fe
-	url = https://github.com/MadcapJake/language-perl6fe.git
 [submodule "vendor/grammars/language-less"]
 	path = vendor/grammars/language-less
 	url = https://github.com/atom/language-less.git
@@ -779,9 +755,6 @@
 [submodule "vendor/grammars/vhdl"]
 	path = vendor/grammars/vhdl
 	url = https://github.com/textmate/vhdl.tmbundle
-[submodule "vendor/grammars/xquery"]
-	path = vendor/grammars/xquery
-	url = https://github.com/textmate/xquery.tmbundle
 [submodule "vendor/grammars/language-rpm-spec"]
 	path = vendor/grammars/language-rpm-spec
 	url = https://github.com/waveclaw/language-rpm-spec
@@ -791,3 +764,78 @@
 [submodule "vendor/grammars/language-babel"]
 	path = vendor/grammars/language-babel
 	url = https://github.com/github-linguist/language-babel
+[submodule "vendor/CodeMirror"]
+	path = vendor/CodeMirror
+	url = https://github.com/codemirror/CodeMirror
+[submodule "vendor/grammars/MQL5-sublime"]
+	path = vendor/grammars/MQL5-sublime
+	url = https://github.com/mqsoft/MQL5-sublime
+[submodule "vendor/grammars/actionscript3-tmbundle"]
+	path = vendor/grammars/actionscript3-tmbundle
+	url = https://github.com/simongregory/actionscript3-tmbundle
+[submodule "vendor/grammars/ABNF.tmbundle"]
+	path = vendor/grammars/ABNF.tmbundle
+	url = https://github.com/sanssecours/ABNF.tmbundle
+[submodule "vendor/grammars/EBNF.tmbundle"]
+	path = vendor/grammars/EBNF.tmbundle
+	url = https://github.com/sanssecours/EBNF.tmbundle
+[submodule "vendor/grammars/language-haml"]
+	path = vendor/grammars/language-haml
+	url = https://github.com/ezekg/language-haml
+[submodule "vendor/grammars/language-ninja"]
+	path = vendor/grammars/language-ninja
+	url = https://github.com/khyo/language-ninja
+[submodule "vendor/grammars/language-fontforge"]
+	path = vendor/grammars/language-fontforge
+	url = https://github.com/Alhadis/language-fontforge
+[submodule "vendor/grammars/language-gn"]
+	path = vendor/grammars/language-gn
+	url = https://github.com/devoncarew/language-gn
+[submodule "vendor/grammars/rascal-syntax-highlighting"]
+	path = vendor/grammars/rascal-syntax-highlighting
+	url = https://github.com/usethesource/rascal-syntax-highlighting
+[submodule "vendor/grammars/atom-language-perl6"]
+	path = vendor/grammars/atom-language-perl6
+	url = https://github.com/perl6/atom-language-perl6
+[submodule "vendor/grammars/reason"]
+	path = vendor/grammars/reason
+	url = https://github.com/facebook/reason
+[submodule "vendor/grammars/language-xcompose"]
+	path = vendor/grammars/language-xcompose
+	url = https://github.com/samcv/language-xcompose
+[submodule "vendor/grammars/SublimeEthereum"]
+	path = vendor/grammars/SublimeEthereum
+	url = https://github.com/davidhq/SublimeEthereum.git
+[submodule "vendor/grammars/atom-language-rust"]
+	path = vendor/grammars/atom-language-rust
+	url = https://github.com/zargony/atom-language-rust
+[submodule "vendor/grammars/language-css"]
+	path = vendor/grammars/language-css
+	url = https://github.com/atom/language-css
+[submodule "vendor/grammars/language-regexp"]
+	path = vendor/grammars/language-regexp
+	url = https://github.com/Alhadis/language-regexp
+[submodule "vendor/grammars/Terraform.tmLanguage"]
+	path = vendor/grammars/Terraform.tmLanguage
+	url = https://github.com/alexlouden/Terraform.tmLanguage
+[submodule "vendor/grammars/shaders-tmLanguage"]
+	path = vendor/grammars/shaders-tmLanguage
+	url = https://github.com/tgjones/shaders-tmLanguage
+[submodule "vendor/grammars/language-meson"]
+	path = vendor/grammars/language-meson
+	url = https://github.com/TingPing/language-meson
+[submodule "vendor/grammars/atom-language-p4"]
+	path = vendor/grammars/atom-language-p4
+	url = https://github.com/TakeshiTseng/atom-language-p4
+[submodule "vendor/grammars/language-jison"]
+	path = vendor/grammars/language-jison
+	url = https://github.com/cdibbs/language-jison
+[submodule "vendor/grammars/openscad.tmbundle"]
+	path = vendor/grammars/openscad.tmbundle
+	url = https://github.com/tbuser/openscad.tmbundle
+[submodule "vendor/grammars/marko-tmbundle"]
+	path = vendor/grammars/marko-tmbundle
+	url = https://github.com/marko-js/marko-tmbundle
+[submodule "vendor/grammars/language-jolie"]
+	path = vendor/grammars/language-jolie
+	url = https://github.com/fmontesi/language-jolie

.travis.yml

@@ -1,20 +1,33 @@
 language: ruby
 sudo: false
+
 addons:
   apt:
     packages:
     - libicu-dev
     - libicu48
+
 before_install: script/travis/before_install
+
 script:
   - bundle exec rake
   - script/licensed verify
+
 rvm:
-  - 2.0.0
   - 2.1
   - 2.2
+  - 2.3.3
+  - 2.4.0
+
+matrix:
+  allow_failures:
+  - rvm: 2.4.0
+
 notifications:
   disabled: true
+
 git:
   submodules: false
+  depth: 3
+
 cache: bundler

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -10,15 +10,15 @@ We try only to add new extensions once they have some usage on GitHub. In most c
 
 To add support for a new extension:
 
-0. Add your extension to the language entry in [`languages.yml`][languages], keeping the extensions in alphabetical order.
-0. Add at least one sample for your extension to the [samples directory][samples] in the correct subdirectory.
-0. Open a pull request, linking to a [GitHub search result](https://github.com/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=extension%3Aboot+NOT+nothack&type=Code&ref=searchresults) showing in-the-wild usage.
+1. Add your extension to the language entry in [`languages.yml`][languages], keeping the extensions in alphabetical order.
+1. Add at least one sample for your extension to the [samples directory][samples] in the correct subdirectory.
+1. Open a pull request, linking to a [GitHub search result](https://github.com/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=extension%3Aboot+NOT+nothack&type=Code&ref=searchresults) showing in-the-wild usage.
 
 In addition, if this extension is already listed in [`languages.yml`][languages] then sometimes a few more steps will need to be taken:
 
-0. Make sure that example `.yourextension` files are present in the [samples directory][samples] for each language that uses `.yourextension`.
-0. Test the performance of the Bayesian classifier with a relatively large number (1000s) of sample `.yourextension` files. (ping @arfon or @bkeepers to help with this) to ensure we're not misclassifying files.
-0. If the Bayesian classifier does a bad job with the sample `.yourextension` files then a [heuristic](https://github.com/github/linguist/blob/master/lib/linguist/heuristics.rb) may need to be written to help.
+1. Make sure that example `.yourextension` files are present in the [samples directory][samples] for each language that uses `.yourextension`.
+1. Test the performance of the Bayesian classifier with a relatively large number (1000s) of sample `.yourextension` files. (ping **@bkeepers** to help with this) to ensure we're not misclassifying files.
+1. If the Bayesian classifier does a bad job with the sample `.yourextension` files then a [heuristic](https://github.com/github/linguist/blob/master/lib/linguist/heuristics.rb) may need to be written to help.
 
 
 ## Adding a language
@@ -27,20 +27,17 @@ We try only to add languages once they have some usage on GitHub. In most cases
 
 To add support for a new language:
 
-0. Add an entry for your language to [`languages.yml`][languages].
-0. Add a grammar for your language. Please only add grammars that have [one of these licenses](https://github.com/github/linguist/blob/257425141d4e2a5232786bf0b13c901ada075f93/vendor/licenses/config.yml#L2-L11).
-  0. Add your grammar as a submodule: `git submodule add https://github.com/JaneSmith/MyGrammar vendor/grammars/MyGrammar`.
-  0. Add your grammar to [`grammars.yml`][grammars] by running `script/convert-grammars --add vendor/grammars/MyGrammar`.
-  0. Download the license for the grammar: `script/licensed`. Be careful to only commit the file for the new grammar, as this script may update licenses for other grammars as well.
-0. Add samples for your language to the [samples directory][samples] in the correct subdirectory.
-0. Add a `language_id` for your language. See `script/set-language-ids` for more information. **You should only ever need to run `script/set-language-ids --update`. Anything other than this risks breaking GitHub search :cry:**
-0. Open a pull request, linking to a [GitHub search result](https://github.com/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=extension%3Aboot+NOT+nothack&type=Code&ref=searchresults) showing in-the-wild usage.
+1. Add an entry for your language to [`languages.yml`][languages]. Omit the `language_id` field for now.
+1. Add a grammar for your language: `script/add-grammar https://github.com/JaneSmith/MyGrammar`. Please only add grammars that have [one of these licenses][licenses].
+1. Add samples for your language to the [samples directory][samples] in the correct subdirectory.
+1. Add a `language_id` for your language using `script/set-language-ids`. **You should only ever need to run `script/set-language-ids --update`. Anything other than this risks breaking GitHub search :cry:**
+1. Open a pull request, linking to a [GitHub search result](https://github.com/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=extension%3Aboot+NOT+nothack&type=Code&ref=searchresults) showing in-the-wild usage.
 
 In addition, if your new language defines an extension that's already listed in [`languages.yml`][languages] (such as `.foo`) then sometimes a few more steps will need to be taken:
 
-0. Make sure that example `.foo` files are present in the [samples directory][samples] for each language that uses `.foo`.
-0. Test the performance of the Bayesian classifier with a relatively large number (1000s) of sample `.foo` files. (ping @arfon or @bkeepers to help with this) to ensure we're not misclassifying files.
-0. If the Bayesian classifier does a bad job with the sample `.foo` files then a [heuristic](https://github.com/github/linguist/blob/master/lib/linguist/heuristics.rb) may need to be written to help.
+1. Make sure that example `.foo` files are present in the [samples directory][samples] for each language that uses `.foo`.
+1. Test the performance of the Bayesian classifier with a relatively large number (1000s) of sample `.foo` files. (ping **@bkeepers** to help with this) to ensure we're not misclassifying files.
+1. If the Bayesian classifier does a bad job with the sample `.foo` files then a [heuristic](https://github.com/github/linguist/blob/master/lib/linguist/heuristics.rb) may need to be written to help.
 
 Remember, the goal here is to try and avoid false positives!
 
@@ -82,9 +79,15 @@ Here's our current build status: [![Build Status](https://api.travis-ci.org/gith
 
 Linguist is maintained with :heart: by:
 
-- @arfon (GitHub Staff)
-- @larsbrinkhoff
-- @pchaigno
+- **@Alhadis**
+- **@BenEddy** (GitHub staff)
+- **@Caged** (GitHub staff)
+- **@grantr** (GitHub staff)
+- **@larsbrinkhoff**
+- **@lildude** (GitHub staff)
+- **@pchaigno**
+- **@rafer** (GitHub staff)
+- **@shreyasjoshis** (GitHub staff)
 
 As Linguist is a production dependency for GitHub we have a couple of workflow restrictions:
 
@@ -95,23 +98,24 @@ As Linguist is a production dependency for GitHub we have a couple of workflow r
 
 If you are the current maintainer of this gem:
 
-0. Create a branch for the release: `git checkout -b cut-release-vxx.xx.xx`
-0. Make sure your local dependencies are up to date: `script/bootstrap`
-0. If grammar submodules have not been updated recently, update them: `git submodule update --remote && git commit -a`
-0. Ensure that samples are updated: `bundle exec rake samples`
-0. Ensure that tests are green: `bundle exec rake test`
-0. Bump gem version in `lib/linguist/version.rb`, [like this](https://github.com/github/linguist/commit/8d2ea90a5ba3b2fe6e1508b7155aa4632eea2985).
-0. Make a PR to github/linguist, [like this](https://github.com/github/linguist/pull/1238).
-0. Build a local gem: `bundle exec rake build_gem`
-0. Test the gem:
-  0. Bump the Gemfile and Gemfile.lock versions for an app which relies on this gem
-  0. Install the new gem locally
-  0. Test behavior locally, branch deploy, whatever needs to happen
-0. Merge github/linguist PR
-0. Tag and push: `git tag vx.xx.xx; git push --tags`
-0. Push to rubygems.org -- `gem push github-linguist-3.0.0.gem`
+1. Create a branch for the release: `git checkout -b cut-release-vxx.xx.xx`
+1. Make sure your local dependencies are up to date: `script/bootstrap`
+1. If grammar submodules have not been updated recently, update them: `git submodule update --remote && git commit -a`
+1. Ensure that samples are updated: `bundle exec rake samples`
+1. Ensure that tests are green: `bundle exec rake test`
+1. Bump gem version in `lib/linguist/version.rb`, [like this](https://github.com/github/linguist/commit/8d2ea90a5ba3b2fe6e1508b7155aa4632eea2985).
+1. Make a PR to github/linguist, [like this](https://github.com/github/linguist/pull/1238).
+1. Build a local gem: `bundle exec rake build_gem`
+1. Test the gem:
+  1. Bump the Gemfile and Gemfile.lock versions for an app which relies on this gem
+  1. Install the new gem locally
+  1. Test behavior locally, branch deploy, whatever needs to happen
+1. Merge github/linguist PR
+1. Tag and push: `git tag vx.xx.xx; git push --tags`
+1. Push to rubygems.org -- `gem push github-linguist-3.0.0.gem`
 
 [grammars]: /grammars.yml
 [languages]: /lib/linguist/languages.yml
+[licenses]: https://github.com/github/linguist/blob/257425141d4e2a5232786bf0b13c901ada075f93/vendor/licenses/config.yml#L2-L11
 [samples]: /samples
 [new-issue]: https://github.com/github/linguist/issues/new

LICENSE

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Copyright (c) 2011-2016 GitHub, Inc.
+Copyright (c) 2017 GitHub, Inc.
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
 obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation

README.md

@@ -15,10 +15,16 @@ See [Troubleshooting](#troubleshooting) and [`CONTRIBUTING.md`](/CONTRIBUTING.md
 
 The Language stats bar displays languages percentages for the files in the repository. The percentages are calculated based on the bytes of code for each language as reported by the [List Languages](https://developer.github.com/v3/repos/#list-languages) API. If the bar is reporting a language that you don't expect:
 
-0. Click on the name of the language in the stats bar to see a list of the files that are identified as that language.
-0. If you see files that you didn't write, consider moving the files into one of the [paths for vendored  code](/lib/linguist/vendor.yml), or use the [manual overrides](#overrides) feature to ignore them.
-0. If the files are being misclassified, search for [open issues][issues] to see if anyone else has already reported the issue. Any information you can add, especially links to public repositories, is helpful.
-0. If there are no reported issues of this misclassification, [open an issue][new-issue] and include a link to the repository or a sample of the code that is being misclassified.
+1. Click on the name of the language in the stats bar to see a list of the files that are identified as that language.
+1. If you see files that you didn't write, consider moving the files into one of the [paths for vendored  code](/lib/linguist/vendor.yml), or use the [manual overrides](#overrides) feature to ignore them.
+1. If the files are being misclassified, search for [open issues][issues] to see if anyone else has already reported the issue. Any information you can add, especially links to public repositories, is helpful.
+1. If there are no reported issues of this misclassification, [open an issue][new-issue] and include a link to the repository or a sample of the code that is being misclassified.
+
+### There's a problem with the syntax highlighting of a file
+
+Linguist detects the language of a file but the actual syntax-highlighting is powered by a set of language grammars which are included in this project as a set of submodules [and may be found here](https://github.com/github/linguist/blob/master/vendor/README.md).
+
+If you experience an issue with the syntax-highlighting on GitHub, **please report the issue to the upstream grammar repository, not here.** Grammars are updated every time we build the Linguist gem and so upstream bug fixes are automatically incorporated as they are fixed.
 
 ## Overrides
 
@@ -26,13 +32,15 @@ Linguist supports a number of different custom overrides strategies for language
 
 ### Using gitattributes
 
-Add a `.gitattributes` file to your project and use standard git-style path matchers for the files you want to override to set `linguist-documentation`, `linguist-language`, and `linguist-vendored`. `.gitattributes` will be used to determine language statistics, but will not be used to syntax highlight files. To manually set syntax highlighting, use [Vim or Emacs modelines](#using-emacs-or-vim-modelines).
+Add a `.gitattributes` file to your project and use standard git-style path matchers for the files you want to override to set `linguist-documentation`, `linguist-language`, `linguist-vendored`, and `linguist-generated`. `.gitattributes` will be used to determine language statistics and will be used to syntax highlight files. You can also manually set syntax highlighting using [Vim or Emacs modelines](#using-emacs-or-vim-modelines).
 
 ```
 $ cat .gitattributes
 *.rb linguist-language=Java
 ```
 
+#### Vendored code
+
 Checking code you didn't write, such as JavaScript libraries, into your git repo is a common practice, but this often inflates your project's language stats and may even cause your project to be labeled as another language. By default, Linguist treats all of the paths defined in [lib/linguist/vendor.yml](https://github.com/github/linguist/blob/master/lib/linguist/vendor.yml) as vendored and therefore doesn't include them in the language statistics for a repository.
 
 Use the `linguist-vendored` attribute to vendor or un-vendor paths.
@@ -43,6 +51,8 @@ special-vendored-path/* linguist-vendored
 jquery.js linguist-vendored=false
 ```
 
+#### Documentation
+
 Just like vendored files, Linguist excludes documentation files from your project's language stats. [lib/linguist/documentation.yml](lib/linguist/documentation.yml) lists common documentation paths and excludes them from the language statistics for your repository.
 
 Use the `linguist-documentation` attribute to mark or unmark paths as documentation.
@@ -53,19 +63,18 @@ project-docs/* linguist-documentation
 docs/formatter.rb linguist-documentation=false
 ```
 
-#### Generated file detection
+#### Generated code
 
 Not all plain text files are true source files. Generated files like minified js and compiled CoffeeScript can be detected and excluded from language stats. As an added bonus, unlike vendored and documentation files, these files are suppressed in diffs.
 
-```ruby
-Linguist::FileBlob.new("underscore.min.js").generated? # => true
 ```
-
-See [Linguist::Generated#generated?](https://github.com/github/linguist/blob/master/lib/linguist/generated.rb).
+$ cat .gitattributes
+Api.elm linguist-generated=true
+```
 
 ### Using Emacs or Vim modelines
 
-Alternatively, you can use Vim or Emacs style modelines to set the language for a single file. Modelines can be placed anywhere within a file and are respected when determining how to syntax-highlight a file on GitHub.com
+If you do not want to use `.gitattributes` to override the syntax highlighting used on GitHub.com, you can use Vim or Emacs style modelines to set the language for a single file. Modelines can be placed anywhere within a file and are respected when determining how to syntax-highlight a file on GitHub.com
 
 ##### Vim
 ```

Rakefile

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ require 'rake/testtask'
 require 'yaml'
 require 'yajl'
 require 'open-uri'
+require 'json'
 
 task :default => :test
 

bin/git-linguist

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env ruby
 
+$LOAD_PATH[0, 0] = File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), '..', 'lib')
+
 require 'linguist'
 require 'rugged'
 require 'optparse'
@@ -102,10 +104,16 @@ def git_linguist(args)
   commit = nil
 
   parser = OptionParser.new do |opts|
-    opts.banner = "Usage: git-linguist [OPTIONS] stats|breakdown|dump-cache|clear|disable"
+    opts.banner = <<-HELP
+    Linguist v#{Linguist::VERSION}
+    Detect language type and determine language breakdown for a given Git repository.
+
+    Usage:
+    git-linguist [OPTIONS] stats|breakdown|dump-cache|clear|disable"
+    HELP
 
     opts.on("-f", "--force", "Force a full rescan") { incremental = false }
-    opts.on("--commit=COMMIT", "Commit to index") { |v| commit = v}
+    opts.on("-c", "--commit=COMMIT", "Commit to index") { |v| commit = v}
   end
 
   parser.parse!(args)

bin/linguist

@@ -1,29 +1,37 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env ruby
 
-# linguist — detect language type for a file, or, given a directory, determine language breakdown
-#     usage: linguist <path> [<--breakdown>]
-#
+$LOAD_PATH[0, 0] = File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), '..', 'lib')
+
 require 'linguist'
 require 'rugged'
+require 'json'
+require 'optparse'
 
 path = ARGV[0] || Dir.pwd
 
-# special case if not given a directory but still given the --breakdown option
+# special case if not given a directory
+# but still given the --breakdown or --json options/
 if path == "--breakdown"
   path = Dir.pwd
   breakdown = true
+elsif path == "--json"
+  path = Dir.pwd
+  json_breakdown = true
 end
 
 ARGV.shift
 breakdown = true if ARGV[0] == "--breakdown"
+json_breakdown = true if ARGV[0] == "--json"
 
 if File.directory?(path)
   rugged = Rugged::Repository.new(path)
   repo = Linguist::Repository.new(rugged, rugged.head.target_id)
-  repo.languages.sort_by { |_, size| size }.reverse.each do |language, size|
-    percentage = ((size / repo.size.to_f) * 100)
-    percentage = sprintf '%.2f' % percentage
-    puts "%-7s %s" % ["#{percentage}%", language]
+  if !json_breakdown
+    repo.languages.sort_by { |_, size| size }.reverse.each do |language, size|
+      percentage = ((size / repo.size.to_f) * 100)
+      percentage = sprintf '%.2f' % percentage
+      puts "%-7s %s" % ["#{percentage}%", language]
+    end
   end
   if breakdown
     puts
@@ -35,6 +43,8 @@ if File.directory?(path)
       end
       puts
     end
+  elsif json_breakdown
+    puts JSON.dump(repo.breakdown_by_file)
   end
 elsif File.file?(path)
   blob = Linguist::FileBlob.new(path, Dir.pwd)
@@ -63,5 +73,12 @@ elsif File.file?(path)
     puts "  appears to be a vendored file"
   end
 else
-  abort "usage: linguist <path>"
+  abort <<-HELP
+  Linguist v#{Linguist::VERSION}
+  Detect language type for a file, or, given a repository, determine language breakdown.
+
+  Usage: linguist <path>
+         linguist <path> [--breakdown] [--json]
+         linguist [--breakdown] [--json]
+  HELP
 end

github-linguist.gemspec

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |s|
   s.add_dependency 'charlock_holmes', '~> 0.7.3'
   s.add_dependency 'escape_utils',    '~> 1.1.0'
   s.add_dependency 'mime-types',      '>= 1.19'
-  s.add_dependency 'rugged',          '>= 0.23.0b'
+  s.add_dependency 'rugged',          '>= 0.25.1'
 
   s.add_development_dependency 'minitest', '>= 5.0'
   s.add_development_dependency 'mocha'
@@ -26,6 +26,5 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |s|
   s.add_development_dependency 'yajl-ruby'
   s.add_development_dependency 'color-proximity', '~> 0.2.1'
   s.add_development_dependency 'licensed'
-  s.add_development_dependency 'licensee', '>= 8.3.0'
-
+  s.add_development_dependency 'licensee', '~> 8.8.0'
 end

grammars.yml

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 ---
-http://svn.edgewall.org/repos/genshi/contrib/textmate/Genshi.tmbundle/Syntaxes/Markup%20Template%20%28XML%29.tmLanguage:
-- text.xml.genshi
 https://bitbucket.org/Clams/sublimesystemverilog/get/default.tar.gz:
 - source.systemverilog
 - source.ucfconstraints
+https://svn.edgewall.org/repos/genshi/contrib/textmate/Genshi.tmbundle/Syntaxes/Markup%20Template%20%28XML%29.tmLanguage:
+- text.xml.genshi
+vendor/grammars/ABNF.tmbundle:
+- source.abnf
 vendor/grammars/Agda.tmbundle:
 - source.agda
 vendor/grammars/Alloy.tmbundle:
@@ -20,6 +22,8 @@ vendor/grammars/ColdFusion:
 - text.html.cfm
 vendor/grammars/Docker.tmbundle:
 - source.dockerfile
+vendor/grammars/EBNF.tmbundle:
+- source.ebnf
 vendor/grammars/Elm/Syntaxes:
 - source.elm
 - text.html.mediawiki.elm-build-output
@@ -47,9 +51,13 @@ vendor/grammars/Lean.tmbundle:
 - source.lean
 vendor/grammars/LiveScript.tmbundle:
 - source.livescript
+vendor/grammars/MQL5-sublime:
+- source.mql5
 vendor/grammars/MagicPython:
 - source.python
 - source.regexp.python
+- text.python.console
+- text.python.traceback
 vendor/grammars/Modelica:
 - source.modelica
 vendor/grammars/NSIS:
@@ -107,7 +115,9 @@ vendor/grammars/SublimeBrainfuck:
 - source.bf
 vendor/grammars/SublimeClarion:
 - source.clarion
-vendor/grammars/SublimeGDB:
+vendor/grammars/SublimeEthereum:
+- source.solidity
+vendor/grammars/SublimeGDB/:
 - source.disasm
 - source.gdb
 - source.gdb.session
@@ -122,6 +132,8 @@ vendor/grammars/TLA:
 - source.tla
 vendor/grammars/TXL:
 - source.txl
+vendor/grammars/Terraform.tmLanguage:
+- source.terraform
 vendor/grammars/Textmate-Gosu-Bundle:
 - source.gosu.2
 vendor/grammars/UrWeb-Language-Definition:
@@ -134,7 +146,7 @@ vendor/grammars/X10:
 - source.x10
 vendor/grammars/abap.tmbundle:
 - source.abap
-vendor/grammars/actionscript3-tmbundle:
+vendor/grammars/actionscript3-tmbundle/:
 - source.actionscript.3
 - text.html.asdoc
 - text.xml.flex-config
@@ -172,8 +184,18 @@ vendor/grammars/atom-language-1c-bsl:
 - source.sdbl
 vendor/grammars/atom-language-clean:
 - source.clean
+- text.restructuredtext.clean
+vendor/grammars/atom-language-p4:
+- source.p4
+vendor/grammars/atom-language-perl6:
+- source.meta-info
+- source.perl6fe
+- source.quoting.perl6fe
+- source.regexp.perl6fe
 vendor/grammars/atom-language-purescript:
 - source.purescript
+vendor/grammars/atom-language-rust:
+- source.rust
 vendor/grammars/atom-language-srt:
 - text.srt
 vendor/grammars/atom-language-stan:
@@ -205,7 +227,6 @@ vendor/grammars/capnproto.tmbundle:
 vendor/grammars/carto-atom:
 - source.css.mss
 vendor/grammars/ceylon-sublimetext:
-- module.ceylon
 - source.ceylon
 vendor/grammars/chapel-tmbundle:
 - source.chapel
@@ -219,8 +240,6 @@ vendor/grammars/cpp-qt.tmbundle:
 - source.qmake
 vendor/grammars/creole:
 - text.html.creole
-vendor/grammars/css.tmbundle:
-- source.css
 vendor/grammars/cucumber-tmbundle:
 - source.ruby.rspec.cucumber.steps
 - text.gherkin.feature
@@ -354,12 +373,23 @@ vendor/grammars/language-csound:
 - source.csound
 - source.csound-document
 - source.csound-score
+vendor/grammars/language-css:
+- source.css
 vendor/grammars/language-emacs-lisp:
 - source.emacs.lisp
+vendor/grammars/language-fontforge:
+- source.fontforge
+- source.opentype
+- text.sfd
 vendor/grammars/language-gfm:
 - source.gfm
+vendor/grammars/language-gn:
+- source.gn
 vendor/grammars/language-graphql:
 - source.graphql
+vendor/grammars/language-haml:
+- text.haml
+- text.hamlc
 vendor/grammars/language-haskell:
 - hint.haskell
 - hint.message.haskell
@@ -369,14 +399,19 @@ vendor/grammars/language-haskell:
 - source.haskell
 - source.hsc2hs
 - text.tex.latex.haskell
-vendor/grammars/language-hy:
-- source.hy
 vendor/grammars/language-inform7:
 - source.inform7
 vendor/grammars/language-javascript:
 - source.js
 - source.js.regexp
 - source.js.regexp.replacement
+- source.jsdoc
+vendor/grammars/language-jison:
+- source.jison
+- source.jisonlex
+- source.jisonlex-injection
+vendor/grammars/language-jolie:
+- source.jolie
 vendor/grammars/language-jsoniq:
 - source.jq
 - source.xq
@@ -384,18 +419,24 @@ vendor/grammars/language-less:
 - source.css.less
 vendor/grammars/language-maxscript:
 - source.maxscript
+vendor/grammars/language-meson:
+- source.meson
 vendor/grammars/language-ncl:
 - source.ncl
+vendor/grammars/language-ninja:
+- source.ninja
 vendor/grammars/language-povray:
 - source.pov-ray sdl
-vendor/grammars/language-python:
-- text.python.console
-- text.python.traceback
+vendor/grammars/language-regexp:
+- source.regexp
+- source.regexp.extended
 vendor/grammars/language-renpy:
 - source.renpy
 vendor/grammars/language-restructuredtext:
 - text.restructuredtext
 vendor/grammars/language-roff:
+- source.ditroff
+- source.ditroff.desc
 - source.ideal
 - source.pic
 - text.roff
@@ -419,6 +460,8 @@ vendor/grammars/language-wavefront:
 - source.wavefront.obj
 vendor/grammars/language-xbase:
 - source.harbour
+vendor/grammars/language-xcompose:
+- config.xcompose
 vendor/grammars/language-yaml:
 - source.yaml
 vendor/grammars/language-yang:
@@ -448,6 +491,8 @@ vendor/grammars/make.tmbundle:
 - source.makefile
 vendor/grammars/mako-tmbundle:
 - text.html.mako
+vendor/grammars/marko-tmbundle:
+- text.marko
 vendor/grammars/mathematica-tmbundle:
 - source.mathematica
 vendor/grammars/matlab.tmbundle:
@@ -467,8 +512,6 @@ vendor/grammars/nemerle.tmbundle:
 - source.nemerle
 vendor/grammars/nesC:
 - source.nesc
-vendor/grammars/ninja.tmbundle:
-- source.ninja
 vendor/grammars/nix:
 - source.nix
 vendor/grammars/nu.tmbundle:
@@ -487,6 +530,8 @@ vendor/grammars/ooc.tmbundle:
 - source.ooc
 vendor/grammars/opa.tmbundle:
 - source.opa
+vendor/grammars/openscad.tmbundle:
+- source.scad
 vendor/grammars/oz-tmbundle/Syntaxes/Oz.tmLanguage:
 - source.oz
 vendor/grammars/parrot:
@@ -498,10 +543,6 @@ vendor/grammars/pawn-sublime-language:
 vendor/grammars/perl.tmbundle:
 - source.perl
 - source.perl.6
-vendor/grammars/perl6fe:
-- source.meta-info
-- source.perl6fe
-- source.regexp.perl6fe
 vendor/grammars/php-smarty.tmbundle:
 - text.html.smarty
 vendor/grammars/php.tmbundle:
@@ -524,8 +565,10 @@ vendor/grammars/python-django.tmbundle:
 vendor/grammars/r.tmbundle:
 - source.r
 - text.tex.latex.rd
-vendor/grammars/ruby-haml.tmbundle:
-- text.haml
+vendor/grammars/rascal-syntax-highlighting:
+- source.rascal
+vendor/grammars/reason:
+- source.reason
 vendor/grammars/ruby-slim.tmbundle:
 - text.slim
 vendor/grammars/ruby.tmbundle:
@@ -545,6 +588,9 @@ vendor/grammars/scilab.tmbundle:
 - source.scilab
 vendor/grammars/secondlife-lsl:
 - source.lsl
+vendor/grammars/shaders-tmLanguage:
+- source.hlsl
+- source.shaderlab
 vendor/grammars/smali-sublime:
 - source.smali
 vendor/grammars/smalltalk-tmbundle:
@@ -593,8 +639,6 @@ vendor/grammars/sublime-rexx:
 - source.rexx
 vendor/grammars/sublime-robot-plugin:
 - text.robot
-vendor/grammars/sublime-rust:
-- source.rust
 vendor/grammars/sublime-spintools:
 - source.regexp.spin
 - source.spin
@@ -646,7 +690,5 @@ vendor/grammars/xc.tmbundle:
 vendor/grammars/xml.tmbundle:
 - text.xml
 - text.xml.xsl
-vendor/grammars/xquery:
-- source.xquery
 vendor/grammars/zephir-sublime:
 - source.php.zephir

lib/linguist.rb

@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ class << Linguist
   #       see Linguist::LazyBlob and Linguist::FileBlob for examples
   #
   # Returns Language or nil.
-  def detect(blob)
+  def detect(blob, allow_empty: false)
     # Bail early if the blob is binary or empty.
-    return nil if blob.likely_binary? || blob.binary? || blob.empty?
+    return nil if blob.likely_binary? || blob.binary? || (!allow_empty && blob.empty?)
 
     Linguist.instrument("linguist.detection", :blob => blob) do
       # Call each strategy until one candidate is returned.
@@ -59,8 +59,9 @@ class << Linguist
   # Strategies are called in turn until a single Language is returned.
   STRATEGIES = [
     Linguist::Strategy::Modeline,
-    Linguist::Shebang,
     Linguist::Strategy::Filename,
+    Linguist::Shebang,
+    Linguist::Strategy::Extension,
     Linguist::Heuristics,
     Linguist::Classifier
   ]
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ class << Linguist
   #       end
   #     end
   #
-  #     Linguist.instrumenter = CustomInstrumenter
+  #     Linguist.instrumenter = CustomInstrumenter.new
   #
   # The instrumenter must conform to the `ActiveSupport::Notifications`
   # interface, which defines `#instrument` and accepts:

lib/linguist/blob.rb

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ module Linguist
     #
     # Returns an Array
     def extensions
-      _, *segments = name.downcase.split(".")
+      _, *segments = name.downcase.split(".", -1)
 
       segments.map.with_index do |segment, index|
         "." + segments[index..-1].join(".")

lib/linguist/classifier.rb

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ module Linguist
     # Returns sorted Array of result pairs. Each pair contains the
     # String language name and a Float score.
     def classify(tokens, languages)
-      return [] if tokens.nil?
+      return [] if tokens.nil? || languages.empty?
       tokens = Tokenizer.tokenize(tokens) if tokens.is_a?(String)
       scores = {}
 

lib/linguist/documentation.yml

@@ -9,11 +9,12 @@
 
 ## Documentation directories ##
 
-- ^docs?/
+- ^[Dd]ocs?/
 - (^|/)[Dd]ocumentation/
-- (^|/)javadoc/
-- ^man/
+- (^|/)[Jj]avadoc/
+- ^[Mm]an/
 - ^[Ee]xamples/
+- ^[Dd]emos?/
 
 ## Documentation files ##
 
@@ -27,4 +28,4 @@
 - (^|/)[Rr]eadme(\.|$)
 
 # Samples folders
-- ^[Ss]amples/
+- ^[Ss]amples?/

lib/linguist/generated.rb

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ module Linguist
     # Public: Is the blob a generated file?
     #
     # name - String filename
-    # data - String blob data. A block also maybe passed in for lazy
+    # data - String blob data. A block also may be passed in for lazy
     #        loading. This behavior is deprecated and you should always
     #        pass in a String.
     #
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ module Linguist
       generated_net_specflow_feature_file? ||
       composer_lock? ||
       node_modules? ||
+      go_vendor? ||
       npm_shrinkwrap? ||
       godeps? ||
       generated_by_zephir? ||
@@ -69,6 +70,7 @@ module Linguist
       compiled_cython_file? ||
       generated_go? ||
       generated_protocol_buffer? ||
+      generated_javascript_protocol_buffer? ||
       generated_apache_thrift? ||
       generated_jni_header? ||
       vcr_cassette? ||
@@ -76,7 +78,10 @@ module Linguist
       generated_unity3d_meta? ||
       generated_racc? ||
       generated_jflex? ||
-      generated_grammarkit?
+      generated_grammarkit? ||
+      generated_roxygen2? ||
+      generated_jison? ||
+      generated_yarn_lock?
     end
 
     # Internal: Is the blob an Xcode file?
@@ -274,16 +279,25 @@ module Linguist
       return lines[0].include?("Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!")
     end
 
-    APACHE_THRIFT_EXTENSIONS = ['.rb', '.py', '.go', '.js', '.m', '.java', '.h', '.cc', '.cpp']
+    # Internal: Is the blob a Javascript source file generated by the
+    # Protocol Buffer compiler?
+    #
+    # Returns true of false.
+    def generated_javascript_protocol_buffer?
+      return false unless extname == ".js"
+      return false unless lines.count > 6
+
+      return lines[5].include?("GENERATED CODE -- DO NOT EDIT!")
+    end
+
+    APACHE_THRIFT_EXTENSIONS = ['.rb', '.py', '.go', '.js', '.m', '.java', '.h', '.cc', '.cpp', '.php']
 
     # Internal: Is the blob generated by Apache Thrift compiler?
     #
     # Returns true or false
     def generated_apache_thrift?
       return false unless APACHE_THRIFT_EXTENSIONS.include?(extname)
-      return false unless lines.count > 1
-
-      return lines[0].include?("Autogenerated by Thrift Compiler") || lines[1].include?("Autogenerated by Thrift Compiler")
+      return lines.first(6).any? { |l| l.include?("Autogenerated by Thrift Compiler") }
     end
 
     # Internal: Is the blob a C/C++ header generated by the Java JNI tool javah?
@@ -304,7 +318,15 @@ module Linguist
       !!name.match(/node_modules\//)
     end
 
-    # Internal: Is the blob a generated npm shrinkwrap file.
+    # Internal: Is the blob part of the Go vendor/ tree,
+    # not meant for humans in pull requests.
+    #
+    # Returns true or false.
+    def go_vendor?
+      !!name.match(/vendor\/((?!-)[-0-9A-Za-z]+(?<!-)\.)+(com|edu|gov|in|me|net|org|fm|io)/)
+    end
+
+    # Internal: Is the blob a generated npm shrinkwrap file?
     #
     # Returns true or false.
     def npm_shrinkwrap?
@@ -326,7 +348,7 @@ module Linguist
       !!name.match(/composer\.lock/)
     end
 
-    # Internal: Is the blob a generated by Zephir
+    # Internal: Is the blob generated by Zephir?
     #
     # Returns true or false.
     def generated_by_zephir?
@@ -426,5 +448,46 @@ module Linguist
       return false unless lines.count > 1
       return lines[0].start_with?("// This is a generated file. Not intended for manual editing.")
     end
+
+    # Internal: Is this a roxygen2-generated file?
+    #
+    # A roxygen2-generated file typically contain:
+    # % Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+    # on the first line.
+    #
+    # Return true or false
+    def generated_roxygen2?
+      return false unless extname == '.Rd'
+      return false unless lines.count > 1
+
+      return lines[0].include?("% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand")
+    end
+
+    # Internal: Is this a Jison-generated file?
+    #
+    # Jison-generated parsers typically contain:
+    # /* parser generated by jison
+    # on the first line.
+    #
+    # Jison-generated lexers typically contain:
+    # /* generated by jison-lex
+    # on the first line.
+    #
+    # Return true or false
+    def generated_jison?
+      return false unless extname == '.js'
+      return false unless lines.count > 1
+      return lines[0].start_with?("/* parser generated by jison ") ||
+             lines[0].start_with?("/* generated by jison-lex ")
+    end
+
+    # Internal: Is the blob a generated yarn lockfile?
+    #
+    # Returns true or false.
+    def generated_yarn_lock?
+      return false unless name.match(/yarn\.lock/)
+      return false unless lines.count > 0
+      return lines[0].include?("# THIS IS AN AUTOGENERATED FILE")
+    end
   end
 end

lib/linguist/heuristics.rb

@@ -110,6 +110,12 @@ module Linguist
       end
     end
 
+    disambiguate ".cls" do |data|
+      if /\\\w+{/.match(data)
+        Language["TeX"]
+      end
+    end
+
     disambiguate ".cs" do |data|
       if /![\w\s]+methodsFor: /.match(data)
         Language["Smalltalk"]
@@ -119,11 +125,18 @@ module Linguist
     end
 
     disambiguate ".d" do |data|
-      if /^module /.match(data)
+      # see http://dlang.org/spec/grammar
+      # ModuleDeclaration | ImportDeclaration | FuncDeclaration | unittest
+      if /^module\s+[\w.]*\s*;|import\s+[\w\s,.:]*;|\w+\s+\w+\s*\(.*\)(?:\(.*\))?\s*{[^}]*}|unittest\s*(?:\(.*\))?\s*{[^}]*}/.match(data)
         Language["D"]
-      elsif /^((dtrace:::)?BEGIN|provider |#pragma (D (option|attributes)|ident)\s)/.match(data)
+      # see http://dtrace.org/guide/chp-prog.html, http://dtrace.org/guide/chp-profile.html, http://dtrace.org/guide/chp-opt.html
+      elsif /^(\w+:\w*:\w*:\w*|BEGIN|END|provider\s+|(tick|profile)-\w+\s+{[^}]*}|#pragma\s+D\s+(option|attributes|depends_on)\s|#pragma\s+ident\s)/.match(data)
         Language["DTrace"]
-      elsif /(\/.*:( .* \\)$| : \\$|^ : |: \\$)/.match(data)
+      # path/target : dependency \
+      # target : \
+      #  : dependency
+      # path/file.ext1 : some/path/../file.ext2
+      elsif /([\/\\].*:\s+.*\s\\$|: \\$|^ : |^[\w\s\/\\.]+\w+\.\w+\s*:\s+[\w\s\/\\.]+\w+\.\w+)/.match(data)
         Language["Makefile"]
       end
     end
@@ -152,7 +165,7 @@ module Linguist
       elsif data.include?("flowop")
         Language["Filebench WML"]
       elsif fortran_rx.match(data)
-        Language["FORTRAN"]
+        Language["Fortran"]
       end
     end
 
@@ -160,7 +173,7 @@ module Linguist
       if /^: /.match(data)
         Language["Forth"]
       elsif fortran_rx.match(data)
-        Language["FORTRAN"]
+        Language["Fortran"]
       end
     end
 
@@ -202,6 +215,8 @@ module Linguist
     disambiguate ".inc" do |data|
       if /^<\?(?:php)?/.match(data)
         Language["PHP"]
+      elsif /^\s*#(declare|local|macro|while)\s/.match(data)
+        Language["POV-Ray SDL"]
       end
     end
 
@@ -211,7 +226,7 @@ module Linguist
       elsif /^(%[%{}]xs|<.*>)/.match(data)
         Language["Lex"]
       elsif /^\.[a-z][a-z](\s|$)/i.match(data)
-        Language["Groff"]
+        Language["Roff"]
       elsif /^\((de|class|rel|code|data|must)\s/.match(data)
         Language["PicoLisp"]
       end
@@ -242,7 +257,7 @@ module Linguist
         Language["MUF"]
       elsif /^\s*;/.match(data)
         Language["M"]
-      elsif /^\s*\(\*/.match(data)
+      elsif /\*\)$/.match(data)
         Language["Mathematica"]
       elsif /^\s*%/.match(data)
         Language["Matlab"]
@@ -252,10 +267,12 @@ module Linguist
     end
 
     disambiguate ".md" do |data|
-      if /^[-a-z0-9=#!\*\[|]/i.match(data)
+      if /(^[-a-z0-9=#!\*\[|>])|<\//i.match(data) || data.empty?
         Language["Markdown"]
       elsif /^(;;|\(define_)/.match(data)
-        Language["GCC machine description"]
+        Language["GCC Machine Description"]
+      else
+        Language["Markdown"]
       end
     end
 
@@ -270,7 +287,7 @@ module Linguist
     disambiguate ".mod" do |data|
       if data.include?('<!ENTITY ')
         Language["XML"]
-      elsif /MODULE\s\w+\s*;/i.match(data) || /^\s*END \w+;$/i.match(data)
+      elsif /^\s*MODULE [\w\.]+;/i.match(data) || /^\s*END [\w\.]+;/i.match(data)
         Language["Modula-2"]
       else
         [Language["Linux Kernel Module"], Language["AMPL"]]
@@ -279,9 +296,9 @@ module Linguist
 
     disambiguate ".ms" do |data|
       if /^[.'][a-z][a-z](\s|$)/i.match(data)
-        Language["Groff"]
+        Language["Roff"]
       elsif /(?<!\S)\.(include|globa?l)\s/.match(data) || /(?<!\/\*)(\A|\n)\s*\.[A-Za-z]/.match(data.gsub(/"([^\\"]|\\.)*"|'([^\\']|\\.)*'|\\\s*(?:--.*)?\n/, ""))
-        Language["GAS"]
+        Language["Unix Assembly"]
       else
         Language["MAXScript"]
       end
@@ -289,7 +306,7 @@ module Linguist
 
     disambiguate ".n" do |data|
       if /^[.']/.match(data)
-        Language["Groff"]
+        Language["Roff"]
       elsif /^(module|namespace|using)\s/.match(data)
         Language["Nemerle"]
       end
@@ -318,7 +335,7 @@ module Linguist
     end
 
     disambiguate ".pl" do |data|
-      if /^[^#]+:-/.match(data)
+      if /^[^#]*:-/.match(data)
         Language["Prolog"]
       elsif /use strict|use\s+v?5\./.match(data)
         Language["Perl"]
@@ -327,16 +344,16 @@ module Linguist
       end
     end
 
-    disambiguate ".pm", ".t" do |data|
-      if /use strict|use\s+v?5\./.match(data)
-        Language["Perl"]
-      elsif /^(use v6|(my )?class|module)/.match(data)
+    disambiguate ".pm" do |data|
+      if /^\s*(?:use\s+v6\s*;|(?:\bmy\s+)?class|module)\b/.match(data)
         Language["Perl6"]
+      elsif /\buse\s+(?:strict\b|v?5\.)/.match(data)
+        Language["Perl"]
       end
     end
 
     disambiguate ".pod" do |data|
-      if /^=\w+$/.match(data)
+      if /^=\w+\b/.match(data)
         Language["Pod"]
       else
         Language["Perl"]
@@ -375,7 +392,7 @@ module Linguist
       if /^\.!|^\.end lit(?:eral)?\b/i.match(data)
         Language["RUNOFF"]
       elsif /^\.\\" /.match(data)
-        Language["Groff"]
+        Language["Roff"]
       end
     end
 
@@ -426,10 +443,12 @@ module Linguist
     end
     
     disambiguate ".t" do |data|
-      if /^\s*%|^\s*var\s+\w+\s*:\s*\w+/.match(data)
+      if /^\s*%[ \t]+|^\s*var\s+\w+\s*:=\s*\w+/.match(data)
         Language["Turing"]
-      elsif /^\s*use\s+v6\s*;/.match(data)
+      elsif /^\s*(?:use\s+v6\s*;|\bmodule\b|\b(?:my\s+)?class\b)/.match(data)
         Language["Perl6"]
+      elsif /\buse\s+(?:strict\b|v?5\.)/.match(data)
+        Language["Perl"]
       end
     end
     
@@ -457,5 +476,13 @@ module Linguist
         Language["Scilab"]
       end
     end
+
+    disambiguate ".tsx" do |data|
+      if /^\s*(import.+(from\s+|require\()['"]react|\/\/\/\s*<reference\s)/.match(data)
+        Language["TypeScript"]
+      elsif /^\s*<\?xml\s+version/i.match(data)
+        Language["XML"]
+      end
+    end
   end
 end

lib/linguist/language.rb

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ require 'linguist/samples'
 require 'linguist/file_blob'
 require 'linguist/blob_helper'
 require 'linguist/strategy/filename'
+require 'linguist/strategy/extension'
 require 'linguist/strategy/modeline'
 require 'linguist/shebang'
 
@@ -90,17 +91,6 @@ module Linguist
       language
     end
 
-    # Public: Detects the Language of the blob.
-    #
-    # blob - an object that includes the Linguist `BlobHelper` interface;
-    #       see Linguist::LazyBlob and Linguist::FileBlob for examples
-    #
-    # Returns Language or nil.
-    def self.detect(blob)
-      warn "[DEPRECATED] `Linguist::Language.detect` is deprecated. Use `Linguist.detect`. #{caller[0]}"
-      Linguist.detect(blob)
-    end
-
     # Public: Get all Languages
     #
     # Returns an Array of Languages
@@ -140,46 +130,46 @@ module Linguist
 
     # Public: Look up Languages by filename.
     #
+    # The behaviour of this method recently changed.
+    # See the second example below.
+    #
     # filename - The path String.
     #
     # Examples
     #
+    #   Language.find_by_filename('Cakefile')
+    #   # => [#<Language name="CoffeeScript">]
     #   Language.find_by_filename('foo.rb')
-    #   # => [#<Language name="Ruby">]
+    #   # => []
     #
     # Returns all matching Languages or [] if none were found.
     def self.find_by_filename(filename)
       basename = File.basename(filename)
-
-      # find the first extension with language definitions
-      extname = FileBlob.new(filename).extensions.detect do |e|
-        !@extension_index[e].empty?
-      end
-
-      (@filename_index[basename] + @extension_index[extname]).compact.uniq
+      @filename_index[basename]
     end
 
     # Public: Look up Languages by file extension.
     #
-    # extname - The extension String.
+    # The behaviour of this method recently changed.
+    # See the second example below.
+    #
+    # filename - The path String.
     #
     # Examples
     #
-    #   Language.find_by_extension('.rb')
+    #   Language.find_by_extension('dummy.rb')
     #   # => [#<Language name="Ruby">]
-    #
     #   Language.find_by_extension('rb')
-    #   # => [#<Language name="Ruby">]
+    #   # => []
     #
     # Returns all matching Languages or [] if none were found.
-    def self.find_by_extension(extname)
-      extname = ".#{extname}" unless extname.start_with?(".")
-      @extension_index[extname.downcase]
-    end
+    def self.find_by_extension(filename)
+      # find the first extension with language definitions
+      extname = FileBlob.new(filename.downcase).extensions.detect do |e|
+        !@extension_index[e].empty?
+      end
 
-    # DEPRECATED
-    def self.find_by_shebang(data)
-      @interpreter_index[Shebang.interpreter(data)]
+      @extension_index[extname]
     end
 
     # Public: Look up Languages by interpreter.
@@ -225,7 +215,14 @@ module Linguist
     # Returns the Language or nil if none was found.
     def self.[](name)
       return nil if name.to_s.empty?
-      name && (@index[name.downcase] || @index[name.split(',').first.downcase])
+
+      lang = @index[name.downcase]
+      return lang if lang
+
+      name = name.split(',').first
+      return nil if name.to_s.empty?
+
+      @index[name.downcase]
     end
 
     # Public: A List of popular languages
@@ -259,17 +256,6 @@ module Linguist
       @colors ||= all.select(&:color).sort_by { |lang| lang.name.downcase }
     end
 
-    # Public: A List of languages compatible with Ace.
-    #
-    # TODO: Remove this method in a 5.x release. Every language now needs an ace_mode
-    # key, so this function isn't doing anything unique anymore.
-    #
-    # Returns an Array of Languages.
-    def self.ace_modes
-      warn "This method will be deprecated in a future 5.x release. Every language now has an `ace_mode` set."
-      @ace_modes ||= all.select(&:ace_mode).sort_by { |lang| lang.name.downcase }
-    end
-
     # Internal: Initialize a new Language
     #
     # attributes - A hash of attributes
@@ -286,7 +272,7 @@ module Linguist
       @color = attributes[:color]
 
       # Set aliases
-      @aliases = [default_alias_name] + (attributes[:aliases] || [])
+      @aliases = [default_alias] + (attributes[:aliases] || [])
 
       # Load the TextMate scope name or try to guess one
       @tm_scope = attributes[:tm_scope] || begin
@@ -301,12 +287,10 @@ module Linguist
 
       @ace_mode = attributes[:ace_mode]
       @codemirror_mode = attributes[:codemirror_mode]
+      @codemirror_mime_type = attributes[:codemirror_mime_type]
       @wrap = attributes[:wrap] || false
 
-      # Set legacy search term
-      @search_term = attributes[:search_term] || default_alias_name
-
-      # Set the language_id 
+      # Set the language_id
       @language_id = attributes[:language_id]
 
       # Set extensions or default to [].
@@ -360,17 +344,6 @@ module Linguist
     # Returns an Array of String names
     attr_reader :aliases
 
-    # Deprecated: Get code search term
-    #
-    # Examples
-    #
-    #   # => "ruby"
-    #   # => "python"
-    #   # => "perl"
-    #
-    # Returns the name String
-    attr_reader :search_term
-
     # Public: Get language_id (used in GitHub search)
     #
     # Examples
@@ -398,7 +371,10 @@ module Linguist
     # Returns a String name or nil
     attr_reader :ace_mode
 
-    # Public: Get Codemirror mode
+    # Public: Get CodeMirror mode
+    #
+    # Maps to a directory in the `mode/` source code.
+    #   https://github.com/codemirror/CodeMirror/tree/master/mode
     #
     # Examples
     #
@@ -409,6 +385,17 @@ module Linguist
     # Returns a String name or nil
     attr_reader :codemirror_mode
 
+    # Public: Get CodeMirror MIME type mode
+    #
+    # Examples
+    #
+    #  # => "nil"
+    #  # => "text/x-javascript"
+    #  # => "text/x-csrc"
+    #
+    # Returns a String name or nil
+    attr_reader :codemirror_mime_type
+
     # Public: Should language lines be wrapped
     #
     # Returns true or false
@@ -441,22 +428,6 @@ module Linguist
     # Returns the extensions Array
     attr_reader :filenames
 
-    # Deprecated: Get primary extension
-    #
-    # Defaults to the first extension but can be overridden
-    # in the languages.yml.
-    #
-    # The primary extension can not be nil. Tests should verify this.
-    #
-    # This method is only used by app/helpers/gists_helper.rb for creating
-    # the language dropdown. It really should be using `name` instead.
-    # Would like to drop primary extension.
-    #
-    # Returns the extension String.
-    def primary_extension
-      extensions.first
-    end
-
     # Public: Get URL escaped name.
     #
     # Examples
@@ -470,12 +441,13 @@ module Linguist
       EscapeUtils.escape_url(name).gsub('+', '%20')
     end
 
-    # Internal: Get default alias name
+    # Public: Get default alias name
     #
     # Returns the alias name String
-    def default_alias_name
+    def default_alias
       name.downcase.gsub(/\s/, '-')
     end
+    alias_method :default_alias_name, :default_alias
 
     # Public: Get Language group
     #
@@ -586,10 +558,10 @@ module Linguist
       :tm_scope          => options['tm_scope'],
       :ace_mode          => options['ace_mode'],
       :codemirror_mode   => options['codemirror_mode'],
+      :codemirror_mime_type => options['codemirror_mime_type'],
       :wrap              => options['wrap'],
       :group_name        => options['group'],
       :searchable        => options.fetch('searchable', true),
-      :search_term       => options['search_term'],
       :language_id       => options['language_id'],
       :extensions        => Array(options['extensions']),
       :interpreters      => options['interpreters'].sort,

lib/linguist/popular.yml

@@ -26,4 +26,4 @@
 - Shell
 - Swift
 - TeX
-- VimL
+- Vim script

lib/linguist/strategy/extension.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+module Linguist
+  module Strategy
+    # Detects language based on extension
+    class Extension
+      def self.call(blob, _)
+        Language.find_by_extension(blob.name.to_s)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

lib/linguist/strategy/filename.rb

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 module Linguist
   module Strategy
-    # Detects language based on filename and/or extension
+    # Detects language based on filename
     class Filename
       def self.call(blob, _)
-        Language.find_by_filename(blob.name.to_s)
+        name = blob.name.to_s
+        Language.find_by_filename(name)
       end
     end
   end

lib/linguist/vendor.yml

@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@
 # Dependencies
 - ^[Dd]ependencies/
 
+# Distributions
+- (^|/)dist/
+
 # C deps
 #  https://github.com/joyent/node
 - ^deps/
@@ -47,6 +50,9 @@
 # Go dependencies
 - Godeps/_workspace/
 
+# GNU indent profiles
+- .indent.pro
+
 # Minified JavaScript and CSS
 - (\.|-)min\.(js|css)$
 
@@ -165,7 +171,7 @@
 # Chart.js
 - (^|/)Chart\.js$
 
-# Codemirror
+# CodeMirror
 - (^|/)[Cc]ode[Mm]irror/(\d+\.\d+/)?(lib|mode|theme|addon|keymap|demo)
 
 # SyntaxHighlighter - http://alexgorbatchev.com/
@@ -229,6 +235,15 @@
 # Fabric
 - Fabric.framework/
 
+# BuddyBuild
+- BuddyBuildSDK.framework/
+
+# Realm
+- Realm.framework
+
+# RealmSwift
+- RealmSwift.framework
+
 # git config files
 - gitattributes$
 - gitignore$

lib/linguist/version.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 module Linguist
-  VERSION = "4.8.13"
+  VERSION = "5.0.9"
 end

package.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "repository": "https://github.com/github/linguist",
   "dependencies": {
-    "season": "~>5.0"
+    "season": "~>5.4"
   },
   "license": "MIT"
 }

samples/ABNF/toml.abnf

@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+; Source:  https://github.com/toml-lang/toml
+; License: MIT
+
+;; This is an attempt to define TOML in ABNF according to the grammar defined
+;; in RFC 4234 (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4234.txt).
+
+;; TOML
+
+toml = expression *( newline expression )
+expression = (
+  ws /
+  ws comment /
+  ws keyval ws [ comment ] /
+  ws table ws [ comment ]
+)
+
+;; Newline
+
+newline = (
+  %x0A /              ; LF
+  %x0D.0A             ; CRLF
+)
+
+newlines = 1*newline
+
+;; Whitespace
+
+ws = *(
+  %x20 /              ; Space
+  %x09                ; Horizontal tab
+)
+
+;; Comment
+
+comment-start-symbol = %x23 ; #
+non-eol = %x09 / %x20-10FFFF
+comment = comment-start-symbol *non-eol
+
+;; Key-Value pairs
+
+keyval-sep = ws %x3D ws ; =
+keyval = key keyval-sep val
+
+key = unquoted-key / quoted-key
+unquoted-key = 1*( ALPHA / DIGIT / %x2D / %x5F ) ; A-Z / a-z / 0-9 / - / _
+quoted-key = quotation-mark 1*basic-char quotation-mark ; See Basic Strings
+
+val = integer / float / string / boolean / date-time / array / inline-table
+
+;; Table
+
+table = std-table / array-table
+
+;; Standard Table
+
+std-table-open  = %x5B ws     ; [ Left square bracket
+std-table-close = ws %x5D     ; ] Right square bracket
+table-key-sep   = ws %x2E ws  ; . Period
+
+std-table = std-table-open key *( table-key-sep key) std-table-close
+
+;; Array Table
+
+array-table-open  = %x5B.5B ws  ; [[ Double left square bracket
+array-table-close = ws %x5D.5D  ; ]] Double right square bracket
+
+array-table = array-table-open key *( table-key-sep key) array-table-close
+
+;; Integer
+
+integer = [ minus / plus ] int
+minus = %x2D                       ; -
+plus = %x2B                        ; +
+digit1-9 = %x31-39                 ; 1-9
+underscore = %x5F                  ; _
+int = DIGIT / digit1-9 1*( DIGIT / underscore DIGIT )
+
+;; Float
+
+float = integer ( frac / frac exp / exp )
+zero-prefixable-int = DIGIT *( DIGIT / underscore DIGIT )
+frac = decimal-point zero-prefixable-int
+decimal-point = %x2E               ; .
+exp = e integer
+e = %x65 / %x45                    ; e E
+
+;; String
+
+string = basic-string / ml-basic-string / literal-string / ml-literal-string
+
+;; Basic String
+
+basic-string = quotation-mark *basic-char quotation-mark
+
+quotation-mark = %x22            ; "
+
+basic-char = basic-unescaped / escaped
+escaped = escape ( %x22 /          ; "    quotation mark  U+0022
+                   %x5C /          ; \    reverse solidus U+005C
+                   %x2F /          ; /    solidus         U+002F
+                   %x62 /          ; b    backspace       U+0008
+                   %x66 /          ; f    form feed       U+000C
+                   %x6E /          ; n    line feed       U+000A
+                   %x72 /          ; r    carriage return U+000D
+                   %x74 /          ; t    tab             U+0009
+                   %x75 4HEXDIG /  ; uXXXX                U+XXXX
+                   %x55 8HEXDIG )  ; UXXXXXXXX            U+XXXXXXXX
+
+basic-unescaped = %x20-21 / %x23-5B / %x5D-10FFFF
+
+escape = %x5C                    ; \
+
+;; Multiline Basic String
+
+ml-basic-string-delim = quotation-mark quotation-mark quotation-mark
+ml-basic-string = ml-basic-string-delim ml-basic-body ml-basic-string-delim
+ml-basic-body = *( ml-basic-char / newline / ( escape newline ))
+
+ml-basic-char = ml-basic-unescaped / escaped
+ml-basic-unescaped = %x20-5B / %x5D-10FFFF
+
+;; Literal String
+
+literal-string = apostraphe *literal-char apostraphe
+
+apostraphe = %x27 ; ' Apostrophe
+
+literal-char = %x09 / %x20-26 / %x28-10FFFF
+
+;; Multiline Literal String
+
+ml-literal-string-delim = apostraphe apostraphe apostraphe
+ml-literal-string = ml-literal-string-delim ml-literal-body ml-literal-string-delim
+
+ml-literal-body = *( ml-literal-char / newline )
+ml-literal-char = %x09 / %x20-10FFFF
+
+;; Boolean
+
+boolean = true / false
+true    = %x74.72.75.65     ; true
+false   = %x66.61.6C.73.65  ; false
+
+;; Datetime (as defined in RFC 3339)
+
+date-fullyear  = 4DIGIT
+date-month     = 2DIGIT  ; 01-12
+date-mday      = 2DIGIT  ; 01-28, 01-29, 01-30, 01-31 based on month/year
+time-hour      = 2DIGIT  ; 00-23
+time-minute    = 2DIGIT  ; 00-59
+time-second    = 2DIGIT  ; 00-58, 00-59, 00-60 based on leap second rules
+time-secfrac   = "." 1*DIGIT
+time-numoffset = ( "+" / "-" ) time-hour ":" time-minute
+time-offset    = "Z" / time-numoffset
+
+partial-time   = time-hour ":" time-minute ":" time-second [time-secfrac]
+full-date      = date-fullyear "-" date-month "-" date-mday
+full-time      = partial-time time-offset
+
+date-time      = full-date "T" full-time
+
+;; Array
+
+array-open  = %x5B ws  ; [
+array-close = ws %x5D  ; ]
+
+array = array-open array-values array-close
+
+array-values = [ val [ array-sep ] [ ( comment newlines) / newlines ] /
+                 val array-sep [ ( comment newlines) / newlines ] array-values ]
+
+array-sep = ws %x2C ws  ; , Comma
+
+;; Inline Table
+
+inline-table-open  = %x7B ws     ; {
+inline-table-close = ws %x7D     ; }
+inline-table-sep   = ws %x2C ws  ; , Comma
+
+inline-table = inline-table-open inline-table-keyvals inline-table-close
+
+inline-table-keyvals = [ inline-table-keyvals-non-empty ]
+inline-table-keyvals-non-empty = key keyval-sep val /
+                                 key keyval-sep val inline-table-sep inline-table-keyvals-non-empty
+
+;; Built-in ABNF terms, reproduced here for clarity
+
+; ALPHA = %x41-5A / %x61-7A ; A-Z / a-z
+; DIGIT = %x30-39 ; 0-9
+; HEXDIG = DIGIT / "A" / "B" / "C" / "D" / "E" / "F"

samples/C++/bug1163046.--skeleton.re

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#include <iostream>
+
+#define YYCTYPE unsigned char
+#define YYCURSOR cursor
+#define YYLIMIT cursor
+#define YYMARKER marker
+#define YYFILL(n)
+
+bool scan(const char *text)
+{
+	YYCTYPE *start = (YYCTYPE *)text;
+	YYCTYPE *cursor = (YYCTYPE *)text;
+	YYCTYPE *marker = (YYCTYPE *)text;
+next:
+	YYCTYPE *token = cursor;
+/*!re2c
+'(This file must be converted with BinHex 4.0)'
+	{
+		if (token == start || *(token - 1) == '\n')
+		return true; else goto next;
+	}
+[\001-\377]
+	{ goto next; }
+[\000]
+	{ return false; }
+*/
+	return false;
+}
+
+#define do_scan(str, expect) \
+	res = scan(str) == expect ? 0 : 1; \
+	std::cerr << str << "\t-\t" << (res ? "fail" : "ok") << std::endl; \
+	result += res
+
+/*!max:re2c */
+
+int main(int,void**)
+{
+	int res, result = 0;
+	do_scan("(This file must be converted with BinHex 4.0)", 1);
+	do_scan("x(This file must be converted with BinHex 4.0)", 0);
+	do_scan("(This file must be converted with BinHex 4.0)x", 1);
+	do_scan("x(This file must be converted with BinHex 4.0)x", 0);
+	
+	return result;
+}

samples/C++/cnokw.re

@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define	ADDEQ	257
+#define	ANDAND	258
+#define	ANDEQ	259
+#define	ARRAY	260
+#define	ASM	261
+#define	AUTO	262
+#define	BREAK	263
+#define	CASE	264
+#define	CHAR	265
+#define	CONST	266
+#define	CONTINUE	267
+#define	DECR	268
+#define	DEFAULT	269
+#define	DEREF	270
+#define	DIVEQ	271
+#define	DO	272
+#define	DOUBLE	273
+#define	ELLIPSIS	274
+#define	ELSE	275
+#define	ENUM	276
+#define	EQL	277
+#define	EXTERN	278
+#define	FCON	279
+#define	FLOAT	280
+#define	FOR	281
+#define	FUNCTION	282
+#define	GEQ	283
+#define	GOTO	284
+#define	ICON	285
+#define	ID	286
+#define	IF	287
+#define	INCR	288
+#define	INT	289
+#define	LEQ	290
+#define	LONG	291
+#define	LSHIFT	292
+#define	LSHIFTEQ	293
+#define	MODEQ	294
+#define	MULEQ	295
+#define	NEQ	296
+#define	OREQ	297
+#define	OROR	298
+#define	POINTER	299
+#define	REGISTER	300
+#define	RETURN	301
+#define	RSHIFT	302
+#define	RSHIFTEQ	303
+#define	SCON	304
+#define	SHORT	305
+#define	SIGNED	306
+#define	SIZEOF	307
+#define	STATIC	308
+#define	STRUCT	309
+#define	SUBEQ	310
+#define	SWITCH	311
+#define	TYPEDEF	312
+#define	UNION	313
+#define	UNSIGNED	314
+#define	VOID	315
+#define	VOLATILE	316
+#define	WHILE	317
+#define	XOREQ	318
+#define	EOI	319
+
+typedef unsigned int uint;
+typedef unsigned char uchar;
+
+#define	BSIZE	8192
+
+#define	YYCTYPE		uchar
+#define	YYCURSOR	cursor
+#define	YYLIMIT		s->lim
+#define	YYMARKER	s->ptr
+#define	YYFILL(n)	{cursor = fill(s, cursor);}
+
+#define	RET(i)	{s->cur = cursor; return i;}
+
+typedef struct Scanner {
+    int			fd;
+    uchar		*bot, *tok, *ptr, *cur, *pos, *lim, *top, *eof;
+    uint		line;
+} Scanner;
+
+uchar *fill(Scanner *s, uchar *cursor){
+    if(!s->eof){
+	uint cnt = s->tok - s->bot;
+	if(cnt){
+	    memcpy(s->bot, s->tok, s->lim - s->tok);
+	    s->tok = s->bot;
+	    s->ptr -= cnt;
+	    cursor -= cnt;
+	    s->pos -= cnt;
+	    s->lim -= cnt;
+	}
+	if((s->top - s->lim) < BSIZE){
+	    uchar *buf = (uchar*) malloc(((s->lim - s->bot) + BSIZE)*sizeof(uchar));
+	    memcpy(buf, s->tok, s->lim - s->tok);
+	    s->tok = buf;
+	    s->ptr = &buf[s->ptr - s->bot];
+	    cursor = &buf[cursor - s->bot];
+	    s->pos = &buf[s->pos - s->bot];
+	    s->lim = &buf[s->lim - s->bot];
+	    s->top = &s->lim[BSIZE];
+	    free(s->bot);
+	    s->bot = buf;
+	}
+	if((cnt = read(s->fd, (char*) s->lim, BSIZE)) != BSIZE){
+	    s->eof = &s->lim[cnt]; *(s->eof)++ = '\n';
+	}
+	s->lim += cnt;
+    }
+    return cursor;
+}
+
+int scan(Scanner *s){
+	uchar *cursor = s->cur;
+std:
+	s->tok = cursor;
+/*!re2c
+any	= [\000-\377];
+O	= [0-7];
+D	= [0-9];
+L	= [a-zA-Z_];
+H	= [a-fA-F0-9];
+E	= [Ee] [+-]? D+;
+FS	= [fFlL];
+IS	= [uUlL]*;
+ESC	= [\\] ([abfnrtv?'"\\] | "x" H+ | O+);
+*/
+
+/*!re2c
+	"/*"			{ goto comment; }
+	
+	L (L|D)*		{ RET(ID); }
+	
+	("0" [xX] H+ IS?) | ("0" D+ IS?) | (D+ IS?) |
+	(['] (ESC|any\[\n\\'])* ['])
+				{ RET(ICON); }
+	
+	(D+ E FS?) | (D* "." D+ E? FS?) | (D+ "." D* E? FS?)
+				{ RET(FCON); }
+	
+	(["] (ESC|any\[\n\\"])* ["])
+				{ RET(SCON); }
+	
+	"..."                   { RET(ELLIPSIS); }
+	">>="			{ RET(RSHIFTEQ); }
+	"<<="			{ RET(LSHIFTEQ); }
+	"+="			{ RET(ADDEQ); }
+	"-="			{ RET(SUBEQ); }
+	"*="			{ RET(MULEQ); }
+	"/="			{ RET(DIVEQ); }
+	"%="			{ RET(MODEQ); }
+	"&="			{ RET(ANDEQ); }
+	"^="			{ RET(XOREQ); }
+	"|="			{ RET(OREQ); }
+	">>"			{ RET(RSHIFT); }
+	"<<"			{ RET(LSHIFT); }
+	"++"			{ RET(INCR); }
+	"--"			{ RET(DECR); }
+	"->"			{ RET(DEREF); }
+	"&&"			{ RET(ANDAND); }
+	"||"			{ RET(OROR); }
+	"<="			{ RET(LEQ); }
+	">="			{ RET(GEQ); }
+	"=="			{ RET(EQL); }
+	"!="			{ RET(NEQ); }
+	";"			{ RET(';'); }
+	"{"			{ RET('{'); }
+	"}"			{ RET('}'); }
+	","			{ RET(','); }
+	":"			{ RET(':'); }
+	"="			{ RET('='); }
+	"("			{ RET('('); }
+	")"			{ RET(')'); }
+	"["			{ RET('['); }
+	"]"			{ RET(']'); }
+	"."			{ RET('.'); }
+	"&"			{ RET('&'); }
+	"!"			{ RET('!'); }
+	"~"			{ RET('~'); }
+	"-"			{ RET('-'); }
+	"+"			{ RET('+'); }
+	"*"			{ RET('*'); }
+	"/"			{ RET('/'); }
+	"%"			{ RET('%'); }
+	"<"			{ RET('<'); }
+	">"			{ RET('>'); }
+	"^"			{ RET('^'); }
+	"|"			{ RET('|'); }
+	"?"			{ RET('?'); }
+
+
+	[ \t\v\f]+		{ goto std; }
+
+	"\n"
+	    {
+		if(cursor == s->eof) RET(EOI);
+		s->pos = cursor; s->line++;
+		goto std;
+	    }
+
+	any
+	    {
+		printf("unexpected character: %c\n", *s->tok);
+		goto std;
+	    }
+*/
+
+comment:
+/*!re2c
+	"*/"			{ goto std; }
+	"\n"
+	    {
+		if(cursor == s->eof) RET(EOI);
+		s->tok = s->pos = cursor; s->line++;
+		goto comment;
+	    }
+        any			{ goto comment; }
+*/
+}
+
+main(){
+    Scanner in;
+    int t;
+    memset((char*) &in, 0, sizeof(in));
+    in.fd = 0;
+    while((t = scan(&in)) != EOI){
+/*
+	printf("%d\t%.*s\n", t, in.cur - in.tok, in.tok);
+	printf("%d\n", t);
+*/
+    }
+    close(in.fd);
+}

samples/C++/cvsignore.re

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+
+#define YYFILL(n) if (cursor >= limit) break;
+#define YYCTYPE char
+#define YYCURSOR cursor
+#define YYLIMIT limit
+#define YYMARKER marker
+
+/*!re2c
+any     = (.|"\n");
+value	= (":" (.\"$")+)?;
+cvsdat	= "Date";
+cvsid	= "Id";
+cvslog	= "Log";
+cvsrev	= "Revision";
+cvssrc	= "Source";
+*/
+
+#define APPEND(text) \
+	append(output, outsize, text, sizeof(text) - sizeof(YYCTYPE))
+
+inline void append(YYCTYPE *output, size_t & outsize, const YYCTYPE * text, size_t len)
+{
+	memcpy(output + outsize, text, len);
+	outsize += (len / sizeof(YYCTYPE));
+}
+
+void scan(YYCTYPE *pText, size_t *pSize, int *pbChanged)
+{
+	// rule
+	// scan lines
+	// find $ in lines
+	//   compact $<keyword>: .. $ to $<keyword>$
+  
+	YYCTYPE *output;
+	const YYCTYPE *cursor, *limit, *marker;
+
+	cursor = marker = output = *pText;
+
+	size_t insize = *pSize;
+	size_t outsize = 0;
+
+	limit = cursor + insize;
+
+	while(1) {
+loop:
+/*!re2c
+
+"$" cvsdat value "$"	{ APPEND(L"$" L"Date$"); goto loop; }
+"$" cvsid  value "$"	{ APPEND(L"$" L"Id$"); goto loop; }
+"$" cvslog value "$"	{ APPEND(L"$" L"Log$"); goto loop; }
+"$" cvsrev value "$"	{ APPEND(L"$" L"Revision$"); goto loop; }
+"$" cvssrc value "$"	{ APPEND(L"$" L"Source$"); goto loop; }
+any						{ output[outsize++] = cursor[-1]; if (cursor >= limit) break; goto loop; }
+
+*/
+	}
+	output[outsize] = '\0';
+
+	// set the new size
+	*pSize = outsize;
+	
+	*pbChanged = (insize == outsize) ? 0 : 1;
+}

samples/C++/simple.re

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#define	NULL		((char*) 0)
+char *scan(char *p){
+char *q;
+#define	YYCTYPE		char
+#define	YYCURSOR	p
+#define	YYLIMIT		p
+#define	YYMARKER	q
+#define	YYFILL(n)
+/*!re2c
+	[0-9]+		{return YYCURSOR;}
+	[\000-\377]	{return NULL;}
+*/
+}

samples/CSON/base.cson

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+'atom-text-editor':
+  # Platform Bindings
+  'home': 'editor:move-to-first-character-of-line'
+  'end': 'editor:move-to-end-of-screen-line'
+  'shift-home': 'editor:select-to-first-character-of-line'
+  'shift-end': 'editor:select-to-end-of-line'
+
+'atom-text-editor:not([mini])':
+  # Atom Specific
+  'ctrl-C': 'editor:copy-path'
+
+  # Sublime Parity
+  'tab': 'editor:indent'
+  'enter': 'editor:newline'
+  'shift-tab': 'editor:outdent-selected-rows'
+  'ctrl-K': 'editor:delete-line'
+
+'.select-list atom-text-editor[mini]':
+  'enter': 'core:confirm'
+
+'.tool-panel.panel-left, .tool-panel.panel-right':
+  'escape': 'tool-panel:unfocus'
+
+'atom-text-editor !important, atom-text-editor[mini] !important':
+  'escape': 'editor:consolidate-selections'
+
+# allow standard input fields to work correctly
+'body .native-key-bindings':
+  'tab': 'core:focus-next'
+  'shift-tab': 'core:focus-previous'
+  'enter': 'native!'
+  'backspace': 'native!'
+  'shift-backspace': 'native!'
+  'delete': 'native!'
+  'up': 'native!'
+  'down': 'native!'
+  'shift-up': 'native!'
+  'shift-down': 'native!'
+  'alt-up': 'native!'
+  'alt-down': 'native!'
+  'alt-shift-up': 'native!'
+  'alt-shift-down': 'native!'
+  'cmd-up': 'native!'
+  'cmd-down': 'native!'
+  'cmd-shift-up': 'native!'
+  'cmd-shift-down': 'native!'
+  'ctrl-up': 'native!'
+  'ctrl-down': 'native!'
+  'ctrl-shift-up': 'native!'
+  'ctrl-shift-down': 'native!'
+  'left': 'native!'
+  'right': 'native!'
+  'shift-left': 'native!'
+  'shift-right': 'native!'
+  'alt-left': 'native!'
+  'alt-right': 'native!'
+  'alt-shift-left': 'native!'
+  'alt-shift-right': 'native!'
+  'cmd-left': 'native!'
+  'cmd-right': 'native!'
+  'cmd-shift-left': 'native!'
+  'cmd-shift-right': 'native!'
+  'ctrl-left': 'native!'
+  'ctrl-right': 'native!'
+  'ctrl-shift-left': 'native!'
+  'ctrl-shift-right': 'native!'
+  'ctrl-b': 'native!'
+  'ctrl-f': 'native!'
+  'ctrl-F': 'native!'
+  'ctrl-B': 'native!'
+  'ctrl-h': 'native!'
+  'ctrl-d': 'native!'

samples/CSON/config.cson

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+directoryIcons:
+
+	Atom:
+		icon: "atom"
+		match: /^\.atom$/
+		colour: "dark-green"
+
+	Bower:
+		icon: "bower"
+		match: /^bower[-_]components$/
+		colour: "bower"
+
+	Dropbox:
+		icon: "dropbox"
+		match: /^(?:Dropbox|\.dropbox\.cache)$/
+		colour: "medium-blue"
+
+	Git:
+		icon: "git"
+		match: /^\.git$/
+
+	GitHub:
+		icon: "github"
+		match: /^\.github$/
+
+	Meteor:
+		icon: "meteor"
+		match: /^\.meteor$/
+
+	NodeJS:
+		icon: "node"
+		match: /^node_modules$/
+		colour: "medium-green"
+
+	Package:
+		icon: "package"
+		match: /^\.bundle$/i
+
+	TextMate:
+		icon: "textmate"
+		match: ".tmBundle"
+
+
+fileIcons:
+
+	ABAP:
+		icon: "abap"
+		scope: "abp"
+		match: ".abap"
+		colour: "medium-orange"
+
+	ActionScript: # Or Flash-related
+		icon: "as"
+		match: [
+			[".swf", "medium-blue"]
+			[".as", "medium-red", scope: /\.(?:flex-config|actionscript(?:\.\d+)?)$/i, alias: /ActionScript\s?3|as3/i]
+			[".jsfl", "auto-yellow"]
+			[".swc", "dark-red"]
+		]

samples/CSON/ff-sfd.cson

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+name: "Spline Font Database"
+scopeName: "text.sfd"
+fileTypes: ["sfd"]
+firstLineMatch: "^SplineFontDB: [\\d.]+"
+patterns: [include: "#main"]
+
+repository:
+	main:
+		patterns: [
+			{include: "#punctuation"}
+			{include: "#private"}
+			{include: "#image"}
+			{include: "#pickleData"}
+			{include: "#sections"}
+			{include: "#copyright"}
+			{include: "#property"}
+			{include: "#control"}
+			{include: "#address"}
+			{include: "#encoding"}
+			{include: "source.fontforge#shared"}
+			{include: "#colour"}
+		]
+	
+	punctuation:
+		patterns: [
+			{match: "<|>",  name: "punctuation.definition.brackets.angle.sfd"}
+			{match: "[{}]", name: "punctuation.definition.brackets.curly.sfd"}
+		]
+
+	private:
+		name: "meta.section.private.sfd"
+		begin: "^BeginPrivate(?=:)"
+		end:   "^EndPrivate\\b"
+		beginCaptures: 0: name: "keyword.control.begin.private.sfd"
+		endCaptures:   0: name: "keyword.control.end.private.sfd"
+		patterns: [
+			{match: "^\\S+", name: "entity.name.private.property.sfd"}
+			{include: "$self"}
+		]
+	
+	image:
+		name: "meta.image.sfd"
+		begin: "^(Image)(?=:)(.+)$"
+		end:   "^(EndImage)\\b"
+		contentName: "string.unquoted.raw.data.sfd"
+		beginCaptures:
+			1: name: "keyword.control.begin.image.sfd"
+			2: patterns: [include: "$self"]
+		endCaptures:
+			1: name: "keyword.control.end.image.sfd"
+
+	pickleData:
+		name: "meta.pickle-data.sfd"
+		begin: "^(PickledData)(:)\\s*(\")"
+		end:   '"'
+		beginCaptures:
+			1: name: "entity.name.property.sfd"
+			2: name: "punctuation.separator.dictionary.key-value.sfd"
+			3: name: "punctuation.definition.string.begin.sfd"
+		endCaptures:
+			0: name: "punctuation.definition.string.end.sfd"
+		patterns: [match: "\\\\.", name: "constant.character.escape.sfd"]
+
+	sections:
+		name: "meta.section.${2:/downcase}.sfd"
+		begin: "^(Start|Begin)([A-Z]\\w+)(?=:)"
+		end:   "^(End\\2)\\b"
+		beginCaptures: 0: name: "keyword.control.begin.${2:/downcase}.sfd"
+		endCaptures:   0: name: "keyword.control.end.${2:/downcase}.sfd"
+		patterns: [include: "$self"]
+
+	control:
+		name: "keyword.control.${1:/downcase}.sfd"
+		match: "\\b(Fore|Back|SplineSet|^End\\w+)\\b"
+
+	colour:
+		name: "constant.other.hex.colour.sfd"
+		match: "(#)[A-Fa-f0-9]{3,}|(?<=\\s)[A-Fa-f0-9]{6,8}"
+		captures:
+			1: name: "punctuation.definition.colour.sfd"
+
+	encoding:
+		name: "constant.language.encoding.sfd"
+		match: "(?i)\\b(ISO[-\\w]+)(?<=\\d)(?=\\s|$)"
+
+	# Don't highlight numbers in freeform strings (years/version strings)
+	copyright:
+		name: "meta.${1:/downcase}-string.sfd"
+		begin: "^(Copyright|U?Comments?|\\w+Name)(:)"
+		end:   "$"
+		beginCaptures:
+			1: name: "entity.name.property.sfd"
+			2: name: "punctuation.separator.dictionary.key-value.sfd"
+		patterns: [include: "source.fontforge#stringEscapes"]
+	
+	# No idea what this is, but it looks distracting without a fix
+	# Assuming it's referring to a memory register or something.
+	address:
+		match: "\\d+[xX][A-Fa-f0-9]+"
+		name: "constant.numeric.hexadecimal.sfd"
+	
+	property:
+		match: "^([^:]+)(:)"
+		name: "meta.dictionary.key-value.sfd"
+		captures:
+			1: name: "entity.name.property.sfd"
+			2: name: "punctuation.separator.dictionary.key-value.sfd"
+	

samples/CSON/wercker-status.cson

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+'menu': [
+  {
+    'label': 'Packages'
+    'submenu': [
+      'label': 'Wercker Status'
+      'submenu': [
+        { 'label': 'Check now!', 'command': 'wercker-status:checknow' }
+      ]
+    ]
+  }
+]

samples/Coq/Basics.v

@@ -1,707 +0,0 @@
-Inductive day : Type :=
-| monday : day
-| tuesday : day
-| wednesday : day
-| thursday : day
-| friday : day
-| saturday : day
-| sunday : day.
-
-Definition next_weekday (d:day) : day :=
-  match d with
-  | monday => tuesday
-  | tuesday => wednesday
-  | wednesday => thursday
-  | thursday => friday
-  | friday => monday
-  | saturday => monday
-  | sunday => monday
-  end.
-
-Example test_next_weekday:
-(next_weekday (next_weekday saturday)) = tuesday.
-
-Proof. simpl. reflexivity. Qed.
-
-Inductive bool : Type :=
-	| true : bool
-	| false : bool.
-
-Definition negb (b:bool) : bool :=
-													 match b with
-																			 | true => false
-																			 | false => true
-													 end.
-
-Definition andb (b1:bool) (b2:bool) : bool :=
-		match b1 with
-		 | true => b2
-		 | false => false
-	  end.
-
-Definition orb (b1:bool) (b2:bool) : bool :=
-		match b1 with
-		  | true => true
-		  | false => b2
-		end.
-
-Example test_orb1: (orb true false) = true.
-Proof. simpl. reflexivity. Qed.
-
-Example test_orb2: (orb false false) = false.
-Proof. simpl. reflexivity. Qed.
-
-Example test_orb3: (orb false true) = true.
-Proof. simpl. reflexivity. Qed.
-
-Example test_orb4: (orb true true) = true.
-Proof. simpl. reflexivity. Qed.
-
-Definition nandb (b1: bool) (b2:bool) : bool :=
-	match b1 with
-		| true => match b2 with
-										| false => true
-										| true => false
-							end
-		| false => true
-	end.
-
-Example test_nandb1: (nandb true false) = true.
-Proof. simpl. reflexivity. Qed.
-Example test_nandb2: (nandb false false) = true.
-Proof. simpl. reflexivity. Qed.
-Example test_nandb3: (nandb false true) = true.
-Proof. simpl. reflexivity. Qed.
-Example test_nandb4: (nandb true true) = false.
-Proof. simpl. reflexivity. Qed.
-
-Definition andb3 (b1: bool) (b2:bool) (b3:bool) : bool :=
-	match b1 with
-    | false => false
-		| true => match b2 with
-								| false => false
-								| true => b3
-							end
-	end.
-
-Example test_andb31: (andb3 true true true) = true.
-Proof. simpl. reflexivity. Qed.
-Example test_andb32: (andb3 false true true) = false.
-Proof. simpl. reflexivity. Qed.
-Example test_andb33: (andb3 true false true) = false.
-Proof. simpl. reflexivity. Qed.
-Example test_andb34: (andb3 true true false) = false.
-Proof. simpl. reflexivity. Qed.
-
-Module Playground1.
-
-Inductive nat : Type :=
-	| O : nat
-	| S : nat -> nat.
-
-Definition pred (n : nat) : nat :=
-	match n with
-		| O => O
-		| S n' => n'
-	end.
-
-Definition minustwo (n : nat) : nat :=
-	match n with
-		| O => O
-		| S O => O
-		| S (S n') => n'
-	end.
-
-Fixpoint evenb (n : nat) : bool :=
-	match n with
-		| O => true
-		| S O => false
-		| S (S n') => evenb n'
-	end.
-
-Definition oddb (n : nat) : bool := negb (evenb n).
-
-Example test_oddb1: (oddb (S O)) = true.
-Proof. reflexivity. Qed.
-Example test_oddb2: (oddb (S (S (S (S O))))) = false.
-Proof. reflexivity. Qed.
-
-Fixpoint plus (n : nat) (m : nat) : nat :=
-	match n with
-		| O => m
-		| S n' => S (plus n' m)
-	end.
-
-Fixpoint mult (n m : nat) : nat :=
-	match n with
-		| O => O
-		| S n' => plus m (mult n' m)
-	end.
-
-Fixpoint minus (n m : nat) : nat :=
-	match n, m with
-		| O, _ => n
-		| S n', O => S n'
-		| S n', S m' => minus n' m'
-	end.
-
-Fixpoint exp (base power : nat) : nat :=
-	match power with
-		| O => S O
-		| S p => mult base (exp base p)
-	end.
-
-Fixpoint factorial (n : nat) : nat :=
-	match n with
-		| O => S O
-		| S n' => mult n (factorial n')
-	end.
-
-Example test_factorial1: (factorial (S (S (S O)))) = (S (S (S (S (S (S O)))))).
-Proof. simpl. reflexivity. Qed.
-
-Notation "x + y" := (plus x y) (at level 50, left associativity) : nat_scope.
-Notation "x - y" := (minus x y) (at level 50, left associativity) : nat_scope.
-Notation "x * y" := (mult x y) (at level 40, left associativity) : nat_scope.
-
-Fixpoint beq_nat (n m : nat) : bool :=
-	match n with
-		| O => match m with
-						| O => true
-						| S m' => false
-					 end
-		| S n' => match m with
-							| O => false
-							| S m' => beq_nat n' m'
-							end
-	end.
-
-Fixpoint ble_nat (n m : nat) : bool :=
-	match n with
-		| O => true
-		| S n' => 
-				match m with
-					| O => false
-					| S m' => ble_nat n' m'
-				end
-	end.
-
-Example test_ble_nat1: (ble_nat (S (S O)) (S (S O))) = true.
-Proof. simpl. reflexivity. Qed.
-Example test_ble_nat2: (ble_nat (S (S O)) (S (S (S (S O))))) = true.
-Proof. simpl. reflexivity. Qed.
-Example test_ble_nat3: (ble_nat (S (S (S (S O)))) (S (S O))) = false.
-Proof. simpl. reflexivity. Qed.
-
-Definition blt_nat (n m : nat) : bool :=
-		(andb (negb (beq_nat n m)) (ble_nat n m)).
-
-Example test_blt_nat1: (blt_nat (S (S O)) (S (S O))) = false.
-Proof. simpl. reflexivity. Qed.
-Example test_blt_nat3: (blt_nat (S (S (S (S O)))) (S (S O))) = false.
-Proof. simpl. reflexivity. Qed.
-Example test_blt_nat2 : (blt_nat (S (S O)) (S (S (S (S O))))) = true.
-Proof. simpl. reflexivity. Qed.
-
-Theorem plus_O_n : forall n : nat, O + n = n.
-Proof.
-	simpl. reflexivity. Qed.
-
-Theorem plus_O_n' : forall n : nat, O + n = n.
-Proof.
-	reflexivity. Qed.
-
-Theorem plus_O_n'' : forall n : nat, O + n = n.
-Proof.
-	intros n. reflexivity. Qed.
-
-Theorem plus_1_1 : forall n : nat, (S O) + n = S n.
-Proof.
-	intros n. reflexivity. Qed.
-
-Theorem mult_0_1: forall n : nat, O * n = O.
-Proof.
-	intros n. reflexivity. Qed.
-
-Theorem plus_id_example : forall n m:nat,
-	n = m -> n + n = m + m.
-Proof.
-	intros n m.
-	intros H.
-	rewrite -> H.
-	reflexivity. Qed.
-
-Theorem plus_id_exercise : forall n m o: nat,
-	n = m -> m = o -> n + m = m + o.
-Proof.
-	intros n m o.
-	intros H.
-	intros H'.
-	rewrite -> H.
-	rewrite <- H'.
-	reflexivity.
-	Qed.
-
-Theorem mult_0_plus : forall n m : nat,
-				(O + n) * m = n * m.
-Proof.
-	intros n m.
-	rewrite -> plus_O_n.
-	reflexivity. Qed.
-
-Theorem mult_1_plus : forall n m: nat,
-	((S O) + n) * m = m + (n * m).
-Proof.
-	intros n m.
-	rewrite -> plus_1_1.
-	reflexivity.
-	Qed.
-
-Theorem mult_1 : forall n : nat,
-				n * (S O) = n.
-Proof.
-	intros n.
-	induction n as [| n'].
-	reflexivity.
-	simpl.
-	rewrite -> IHn'.
-	reflexivity.
-	Qed.
-
-Theorem plus_1_neq_0 : forall n : nat,
-				beq_nat (n + (S O)) O = false.
-Proof.
-	intros n.
-	destruct n as [| n'].
-	reflexivity.
-	reflexivity.
-	Qed.
-
-Theorem zero_nbeq_plus_1 : forall n : nat,
-				beq_nat O (n + (S O)) = false.
-Proof.
-	intros n.
-	destruct n.
-	reflexivity.
-	reflexivity.
-Qed.
-
-Require String. Open Scope string_scope.
-
-Ltac move_to_top x :=
-match reverse goal with
-| H : _ |- _ => try move x after H
-end.
-
-Tactic Notation "assert_eq" ident(x) constr(v) :=
-	let H := fresh in
-	assert (x = v) as H by reflexivity;
-	clear H.
-
-	Tactic Notation "Case_aux" ident(x) constr(name) :=
-		first [
-		set (x := name); move_to_top x
-		| assert_eq x name; move_to_top x
-		| fail 1 "because we are working on a different case" ].
-
-		Ltac Case name := Case_aux Case name.
-		Ltac SCase name := Case_aux SCase name.
-		Ltac SSCase name := Case_aux SSCase name.
-		Ltac SSSCase name := Case_aux SSSCase name.
-		Ltac SSSSCase name := Case_aux SSSSCase name.
-		Ltac SSSSSCase name := Case_aux SSSSSCase name.
-		Ltac SSSSSSCase name := Case_aux SSSSSSCase name.
-		Ltac SSSSSSSCase name := Case_aux SSSSSSSCase name.
-
-Theorem andb_true_elim1 : forall b c : bool,
-				andb b c = true -> b = true.
-Proof.
-	intros b c H.
-	destruct b.
-	Case "b = true".
-		reflexivity.
-	Case "b = false".
-		rewrite <- H. reflexivity. Qed.
-
-Theorem plus_0_r : forall n : nat, n + O = n.
-Proof.
-	intros n. induction n as [| n'].
-	Case "n = 0". reflexivity.
-	Case "n = S n'". simpl. rewrite -> IHn'. reflexivity. Qed.
-
-Theorem minus_diag : forall n,
-				minus n n = O.
-Proof.
-	intros n. induction n as [| n'].
-	Case "n = 0".
-		simpl. reflexivity.
-	Case "n = S n'".
-		simpl. rewrite -> IHn'. reflexivity. Qed.
-
-
-Theorem mult_0_r : forall n:nat,
-				n * O = O.
-Proof.
-	intros n. induction n as [| n'].
-	Case "n = 0".
-		reflexivity.
-	Case "n = S n'".
-		simpl. rewrite -> IHn'. reflexivity. Qed.
-
-Theorem plus_n_Sm : forall n m : nat,
-				S (n + m) = n + (S m).
-Proof.
-	intros n m. induction n as [| n'].
-	Case "n = 0".
-		reflexivity.
-	Case "n = S n'".
-		simpl. rewrite -> IHn'. reflexivity. Qed.
-
-Theorem plus_assoc : forall n m p : nat,
-					n + (m + p) = (n + m) + p.
-Proof.
-	intros n m p.
-	induction n as [| n'].
-	reflexivity.
-	simpl.
-	rewrite -> IHn'.
-	reflexivity. Qed.
-
-Theorem plus_distr : forall n m: nat, S (n + m) = n + (S m).
-Proof.
-	intros n m.  induction n as [| n'].
-	Case "n = 0".
-		reflexivity.
-	Case "n = S n'".
-		simpl. rewrite -> IHn'. reflexivity. Qed.
-
-Theorem mult_distr : forall n m: nat, n * ((S O) + m) = n * (S m).
-Proof.
-	intros n m.
-	induction n as [| n'].
-	reflexivity.
-	reflexivity.
-	Qed.
-
-Theorem plus_comm : forall n m : nat,
-	n + m = m + n.
-Proof.
-	intros n m.
-	induction n as [| n'].
-	Case "n = 0".
-		simpl.
-		rewrite -> plus_0_r.
-		reflexivity.
-	Case "n = S n'".
-		simpl.
-		rewrite -> IHn'.
-		rewrite -> plus_distr.
-		reflexivity. Qed.
-
-Fixpoint double (n:nat) :=
-	match n with
-		| O => O
-		| S n' => S (S (double n'))
-	end.
-
-Lemma double_plus : forall n, double n = n + n.
-Proof.
-	intros n. induction n as [| n'].
-	Case "n = 0".
-		reflexivity.
-	Case "n = S n'".
-		simpl. rewrite -> IHn'.
-		rewrite -> plus_distr. reflexivity.
-		Qed.
-
-Theorem beq_nat_refl : forall n : nat,
-	true = beq_nat n n.
-Proof.
-	intros n. induction n as [| n'].
-	Case "n = 0".
-		reflexivity.
-	Case "n = S n".
-		simpl. rewrite <- IHn'.
-		reflexivity. Qed.
-
-Theorem plus_rearrange: forall n m p q : nat,
-				(n + m) + (p + q) = (m + n) + (p + q).
-Proof.
-	intros n m p q.
-	assert(H: n + m = m + n).
-		Case "Proof by assertion".
-		rewrite -> plus_comm. reflexivity.
-	rewrite -> H. reflexivity. Qed.
-
-Theorem plus_swap : forall n m p: nat,
-				n + (m + p) = m + (n + p).
-Proof.
-	intros n m p.
-	rewrite -> plus_assoc.
-	assert(H: m + (n + p) = (m + n) + p).
-	rewrite -> plus_assoc.
-	reflexivity.
-	rewrite -> H.
-	assert(H2: m + n = n + m).
-	rewrite -> plus_comm.
-	reflexivity.
-	rewrite -> H2.
-	reflexivity.
-	Qed.
-
-Theorem plus_swap' : forall n m p: nat,
-				n + (m + p) = m + (n + p).
-Proof.
-	intros n m p.
-	rewrite -> plus_assoc.
-	assert(H: m + (n + p) = (m + n) + p).
-	rewrite -> plus_assoc.
-	reflexivity.
-	rewrite -> H.
-	replace (m + n) with (n + m).
-	rewrite -> plus_comm.
-	reflexivity.
-	rewrite -> plus_comm.
-	reflexivity.
-	Qed.
-
-Theorem mult_1_distr: forall m n: nat,
-				n * ((S O) + m) = n * (S O) + n * m.
-Proof.
-	intros n m.
-	rewrite -> mult_1.
-	rewrite -> plus_1_1.
-	simpl.
-	induction m as [|m'].
-	simpl.
-	reflexivity.
-	simpl.
-	rewrite -> plus_swap.
-	rewrite <- IHm'.
-	reflexivity.
-	Qed.
-
-Theorem mult_comm: forall m n : nat,
-				m * n = n * m.
-Proof.
-	intros m n.
-	induction n as [| n'].
-	Case "n = 0".
-		simpl.
-		rewrite -> mult_0_r.
-		reflexivity.
-	Case "n = S n'".
-		simpl.
-		rewrite <- mult_distr.
-		rewrite -> mult_1_distr.
-		rewrite -> mult_1.
-		rewrite -> IHn'.
-		reflexivity.
-		Qed.
-
-Theorem evenb_next : forall n : nat,
-				evenb n = evenb (S (S n)).
-Proof.
-	intros n.
-Admitted.
-
-Theorem negb_negb : forall n : bool,
-				n = negb (negb n).
-Proof.
-	intros n.
-	destruct n.
-	reflexivity.
-	reflexivity.
-	Qed.
-
-Theorem evenb_n_oddb_Sn : forall n : nat,
-				evenb n = negb (evenb (S n)).
-Proof.
-	intros n.
-	induction n as [|n'].
-	reflexivity.
-	assert(H: evenb n' = evenb (S (S n'))).
-	reflexivity.
-	rewrite <- H.
-	rewrite -> IHn'.
-	rewrite <- negb_negb.
-	reflexivity.
-	Qed.
-
-(*Fixpoint bad (n : nat) : bool :=
-	match n with
-		| O => true
-		| S O => bad (S n)
-		| S (S n') => bad n'
-	end.*)
-
-Theorem ble_nat_refl : forall n:nat,
-				true = ble_nat n n.
-Proof.
-	intros n.
-	induction n as [|n'].
-	Case "n = 0".
-		reflexivity.
-	Case "n = S n".
-		simpl.
-		rewrite <- IHn'.
-		reflexivity.
-	Qed.
-
-Theorem zero_nbeq_S : forall n: nat,
-				beq_nat O (S n) = false.
-Proof.
-	intros n.
-	reflexivity.
-	Qed.
-
-Theorem andb_false_r : forall b : bool,
-				andb b false = false.
-Proof.
-	intros b.
-	destruct b.
-	reflexivity.
-	reflexivity.
-	Qed.
-
-Theorem plus_ble_compat_1 : forall n m p : nat,
-				ble_nat n m = true -> ble_nat (p + n) (p + m) = true.
-Proof.
-	intros n m p.
-	intros H.
-	induction p.
-	Case "p = 0".
-		simpl.
-		rewrite -> H.
-		reflexivity.
-	Case "p = S p'".
-		simpl.
-		rewrite -> IHp.
-		reflexivity.
-		Qed.
-
-Theorem S_nbeq_0 : forall n:nat,
-				beq_nat (S n) O = false.
-Proof.
-	intros n.
-	reflexivity.
-	Qed.
-
-Theorem mult_1_1 : forall n:nat, (S O) * n = n.
-Proof.
-	intros n.
-	simpl.
-	rewrite -> plus_0_r.
-	reflexivity. Qed.
-
-Theorem all3_spec : forall b c : bool,
-	orb (andb b c)
-			(orb (negb b)
-			 		 (negb c))
-	= true.
-Proof.
-	intros b c.
-	destruct b.
-	destruct c.
-	reflexivity.
-	reflexivity.
-	reflexivity.
-	Qed.
-
-Lemma mult_plus_1 : forall n m : nat,
-			S(m + n) = m + (S n).
-Proof.
-	intros n m.
-	induction m.
-	reflexivity.
-	simpl.
-	rewrite -> IHm.
-	reflexivity.
-	Qed.
-
-Theorem mult_mult : forall n m : nat,
-	n * (S m) = n * m + n.
-Proof.
-	intros n m.
-	induction n.
-	reflexivity.
-	simpl.
-	rewrite -> IHn.
-	rewrite -> plus_assoc.
-	rewrite -> mult_plus_1.
-	reflexivity.
-	Qed.
-
-Theorem mult_plus_distr_r : forall n m p:nat,
-				(n + m) * p = (n * p) + (m * p).
-Proof.
-	intros n m p.
-	induction p.
-	rewrite -> mult_0_r.
-	rewrite -> mult_0_r.
-	rewrite -> mult_0_r.
-	reflexivity.
-	rewrite -> mult_mult.
-	rewrite -> mult_mult.
-	rewrite -> mult_mult.
-	rewrite -> IHp.
-	assert(H1: ((n * p) + n) + (m * p + m) = (n * p) + (n + (m * p + m))).
-	rewrite <- plus_assoc.
-	reflexivity.
-	rewrite -> H1.
-	assert(H2: (n + (m * p + m)) = (m * p + (n + m))).
-	rewrite -> plus_swap.
-	reflexivity.
-	rewrite -> H2.
-	assert(H3: (n * p) + (m * p + (n + m)) = ((n * p ) + (m * p)) + (n + m)).
-	rewrite -> plus_assoc.
-	reflexivity.
-	rewrite -> H3.
-	reflexivity.
-	Qed.
-
-Theorem mult_assoc : forall n m p : nat,
-				n * (m * p) = (n * m) * p.
-Proof.
-	intros n m p.
-	induction n.
-	simpl.
-	reflexivity.
-	simpl.
-	rewrite -> mult_plus_distr_r.
-	rewrite -> IHn.
-	reflexivity.
-	Qed.
-
-Inductive bin : Type :=
-	| BO : bin
-	| D : bin -> bin
-	| M : bin -> bin.
-
-Fixpoint incbin (n : bin) : bin :=
-	match n with
-		| BO => M (BO)
-		| D n' => M n'
-		| M n' => D (incbin n')
-	end.
-
-Fixpoint bin2un (n : bin) : nat :=
-	match n with
-		| BO => O
-		| D n' => double (bin2un n')
-		| M n' => S (double (bin2un n'))
-	end.
-
-Theorem bin_comm : forall n : bin,
-				bin2un(incbin n) = S (bin2un n).
-Proof.
-	intros n.
-	induction n.
-		reflexivity.
-		reflexivity.
-		simpl.
-		rewrite -> IHn.
-		reflexivity.
-	Qed.
-
-End Playground1.

samples/Coq/Computation.v

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+(** The definition of computations, used to represent interactive programs. *)
+Require Import Coq.NArith.NArith.
+Require Import ListString.All.
+
+Local Open Scope type.
+
+(** System calls. *)
+Module Command.
+  Inductive t :=
+  | AskCard
+  | AskPIN
+  | CheckPIN (pin : N)
+  | AskAmount
+  | CheckAmount (amount : N)
+  | GiveCard
+  | GiveAmount (amount : N)
+  | ShowError (message : LString.t).
+
+  (** The type of an answer for a command depends on the value of the command. *)
+  Definition answer (command : t) : Type :=
+    match command with
+    | AskCard => bool (* If the given card seems valid. *)
+    | AskPIN => option N (* A number or cancellation. *)
+    | CheckPIN _ => bool (* If the PIN number is valid. *)
+    | AskAmount => option N (* A number or cancellation. *)
+    | CheckAmount _ => bool (* If the amount can be withdrawn. *)
+    | GiveCard => bool (* If the card was given. *)
+    | GiveAmount _ => bool (* If the money was given. *)
+    | ShowError _ => unit (* Show an error message. *)
+    end.
+End Command.
+
+(** Computations with I/Os. *)
+Module C.
+  (** A computation can either does nothing, or do a system call and wait
+      for the answer to run another computation. *)
+  Inductive t : Type :=
+  | Ret : t
+  | Call : forall (command : Command.t), (Command.answer command -> t) -> t.
+  Arguments Ret.
+  Arguments Call _ _.
+
+  (** Some optional notations. *)
+  Module Notations.
+    (** A nicer notation for `Ret`. *)
+    Definition ret : t :=
+      Ret.
+
+    (** We define an explicit apply function so that Coq does not try to expand
+        the notations everywhere. *)
+    Definition apply {A B} (f : A -> B) (x : A) := f x.
+
+    (** System call. *)
+    Notation "'call!' answer ':=' command 'in' X" :=
+      (Call command (fun answer => X))
+      (at level 200, answer ident, command at level 100, X at level 200).
+
+    (** System call with typed answer. *)
+    Notation "'call!' answer : A ':=' command 'in' X" :=
+      (Call command (fun (answer : A) => X))
+      (at level 200, answer ident, command at level 100, A at level 200, X at level 200).
+
+    (** System call ignoring the answer. *)
+    Notation "'do_call!' command 'in' X" :=
+      (Call command (fun _ => X))
+      (at level 200, command at level 100, X at level 200).
+
+    (** This notation is useful to compose computations which wait for a
+        continuation. We do not have an explicit bind operator to simplify the
+        language and the proofs. *)
+    Notation "'let!' x ':=' X 'in' Y" :=
+      (apply X (fun x => Y))
+      (at level 200, x ident, X at level 100, Y at level 200).
+
+    (** Let with a typed answer. *)
+    Notation "'let!' x : A ':=' X 'in' Y" :=
+      (apply X (fun (x : A) => Y))
+      (at level 200, x ident, X at level 100, A at level 200, Y at level 200).
+
+    (** Let ignoring the answer. *)
+    Notation "'do!' X 'in' Y" :=
+      (apply X (fun _ => Y))
+      (at level 200, X at level 100, Y at level 200).
+  End Notations.
+End C.

samples/Coq/Heap.v

@@ -1,290 +0,0 @@
-(** A development of Treesort on Heap trees. It has an average
-    complexity of O(n.log n) but of O(n²) in the worst case (e.g. if
-    the list is already sorted) *)
-
-(* G. Huet 1-9-95 uses Multiset *)
-
-Require Import List Multiset PermutSetoid Relations Sorting.
-
-Section defs.
-
-  (** * Trees and heap trees *)
-
-  (** ** Definition of trees over an ordered set *)
-
-  Variable A : Type.
-  Variable leA : relation A.
-  Variable eqA : relation A.
-
-  Let gtA (x y:A) := ~ leA x y.
-
-  Hypothesis leA_dec : forall x y:A, {leA x y} + {leA y x}.
-  Hypothesis eqA_dec : forall x y:A, {eqA x y} + {~ eqA x y}.
-  Hypothesis leA_refl : forall x y:A, eqA x y -> leA x y.
-  Hypothesis leA_trans : forall x y z:A, leA x y -> leA y z -> leA x z.
-  Hypothesis leA_antisym : forall x y:A, leA x y -> leA y x -> eqA x y.
-
-  Hint Resolve leA_refl.
-  Hint Immediate eqA_dec leA_dec leA_antisym.
-
-  Let emptyBag := EmptyBag A.
-  Let singletonBag := SingletonBag _ eqA_dec.
-
-  Inductive Tree :=
-    | Tree_Leaf : Tree
-    | Tree_Node : A -> Tree -> Tree -> Tree.
-
-  (** [a] is lower than a Tree [T] if [T] is a Leaf
-      or [T] is a Node holding [b>a] *)
-
-  Definition leA_Tree (a:A) (t:Tree) :=
-    match t with
-      | Tree_Leaf => True
-      | Tree_Node b T1 T2 => leA a b
-    end.
-
-  Lemma leA_Tree_Leaf : forall a:A, leA_Tree a Tree_Leaf.
-  Proof.
-    simpl; auto with datatypes.
-  Qed.
-
-  Lemma leA_Tree_Node :
-    forall (a b:A) (G D:Tree), leA a b -> leA_Tree a (Tree_Node b G D).
-  Proof.
-    simpl; auto with datatypes.
-  Qed.
-
-
-  (** ** The heap property *)
-
-  Inductive is_heap : Tree -> Prop :=
-    | nil_is_heap : is_heap Tree_Leaf
-    | node_is_heap :
-      forall (a:A) (T1 T2:Tree),
-        leA_Tree a T1 ->
-        leA_Tree a T2 ->
-        is_heap T1 -> is_heap T2 -> is_heap (Tree_Node a T1 T2).
-
-  Lemma invert_heap :
-    forall (a:A) (T1 T2:Tree),
-      is_heap (Tree_Node a T1 T2) ->
-      leA_Tree a T1 /\ leA_Tree a T2 /\ is_heap T1 /\ is_heap T2.
-  Proof.
-    intros; inversion H; auto with datatypes.
-  Qed.
-
-  (* This lemma ought to be generated automatically by the Inversion tools *)
-  Lemma is_heap_rect :
-    forall P:Tree -> Type,
-      P Tree_Leaf ->
-      (forall (a:A) (T1 T2:Tree),
-        leA_Tree a T1 ->
-        leA_Tree a T2 ->
-        is_heap T1 -> P T1 -> is_heap T2 -> P T2 -> P (Tree_Node a T1 T2)) ->
-      forall T:Tree, is_heap T -> P T.
-  Proof.
-    simple induction T; auto with datatypes.
-    intros a G PG D PD PN.
-    elim (invert_heap a G D); auto with datatypes.
-    intros H1 H2; elim H2; intros H3 H4; elim H4; intros.
-    apply X0; auto with datatypes.
-  Qed.
-
-  (* This lemma ought to be generated automatically by the Inversion tools *)
-  Lemma is_heap_rec :
-    forall P:Tree -> Set,
-      P Tree_Leaf ->
-      (forall (a:A) (T1 T2:Tree),
-        leA_Tree a T1 ->
-        leA_Tree a T2 ->
-        is_heap T1 -> P T1 -> is_heap T2 -> P T2 -> P (Tree_Node a T1 T2)) ->
-      forall T:Tree, is_heap T -> P T.
-  Proof.
-    simple induction T; auto with datatypes.
-    intros a G PG D PD PN.
-    elim (invert_heap a G D); auto with datatypes.
-    intros H1 H2; elim H2; intros H3 H4; elim H4; intros.
-    apply X; auto with datatypes.
-  Qed.
-
-  Lemma low_trans :
-    forall (T:Tree) (a b:A), leA a b -> leA_Tree b T -> leA_Tree a T.
-  Proof.
-    simple induction T; auto with datatypes.
-    intros; simpl; apply leA_trans with b; auto with datatypes.
-  Qed.
-
-  (** ** Merging two sorted lists *)
-
-  Inductive merge_lem (l1 l2:list A) : Type :=
-    merge_exist :
-    forall l:list A,
-      Sorted leA l ->
-      meq (list_contents _ eqA_dec l)
-      (munion (list_contents _ eqA_dec l1) (list_contents _ eqA_dec l2)) ->
-      (forall a, HdRel leA a l1 -> HdRel leA a l2 -> HdRel leA a l) ->
-      merge_lem l1 l2.
-  Require Import Morphisms.
-
-  Instance: Equivalence (@meq A).
-  Proof. constructor; auto with datatypes. red. apply meq_trans. Defined.
-
-  Instance: Proper (@meq A ++> @meq _ ++> @meq _) (@munion A).
-  Proof. intros x y H x' y' H'. now apply meq_congr. Qed.
-
-  Lemma merge :
-    forall l1:list A, Sorted leA l1 ->
-    forall l2:list A, Sorted leA l2 -> merge_lem l1 l2.
-  Proof.
-    fix 1; intros; destruct l1.
-    apply merge_exist with l2; auto with datatypes.
-    rename l1 into l.
-    revert l2 H0. fix 1. intros.
-    destruct l2 as [|a0 l0].
-    apply merge_exist with (a :: l); simpl; auto with datatypes.
-    elim (leA_dec a a0); intros.
-
-    (* 1 (leA a a0) *)
-    apply Sorted_inv in H. destruct H.
-    destruct (merge l H (a0 :: l0) H0).
-    apply merge_exist with (a :: l1). clear merge merge0.
-      auto using cons_sort, cons_leA with datatypes.
-    simpl. rewrite m. now rewrite munion_ass.
-    intros. apply cons_leA.
-    apply (@HdRel_inv _ leA) with l; trivial with datatypes.
-
-    (* 2 (leA a0 a) *)
-    apply Sorted_inv in H0. destruct H0.
-    destruct (merge0 l0 H0). clear merge merge0.
-    apply merge_exist with (a0 :: l1);
-      auto using cons_sort, cons_leA with datatypes.
-    simpl; rewrite m. simpl. setoid_rewrite munion_ass at 1. rewrite munion_comm.
-    repeat rewrite munion_ass. setoid_rewrite munion_comm at 3. reflexivity.
-    intros. apply cons_leA.
-    apply (@HdRel_inv _ leA) with l0; trivial with datatypes.
-  Qed.
-
-  (** ** From trees to multisets *)
-
-  (** contents of a tree as a multiset *)
-
-  (** Nota Bene : In what follows the definition of SingletonBag
-      in not used. Actually, we could just take as postulate:
-      [Parameter SingletonBag : A->multiset].  *)
-
-  Fixpoint contents (t:Tree) : multiset A :=
-    match t with
-      | Tree_Leaf => emptyBag
-      | Tree_Node a t1 t2 =>
-        munion (contents t1) (munion (contents t2) (singletonBag a))
-    end.
-
-
-  (** equivalence of two trees is equality of corresponding multisets *)
-  Definition equiv_Tree (t1 t2:Tree) := meq (contents t1) (contents t2).
-
-
-
-  (** * From lists to sorted lists *)
-
-  (** ** Specification of heap insertion *)
-
-  Inductive insert_spec (a:A) (T:Tree) : Type :=
-    insert_exist :
-    forall T1:Tree,
-      is_heap T1 ->
-      meq (contents T1) (munion (contents T) (singletonBag a)) ->
-      (forall b:A, leA b a -> leA_Tree b T -> leA_Tree b T1) ->
-      insert_spec a T.
-
-
-  Lemma insert : forall T:Tree, is_heap T -> forall a:A, insert_spec a T.
-  Proof.
-    simple induction 1; intros.
-    apply insert_exist with (Tree_Node a Tree_Leaf Tree_Leaf);
-      auto using node_is_heap, nil_is_heap, leA_Tree_Leaf with datatypes.
-    simpl; unfold meq, munion; auto using node_is_heap with datatypes.
-    elim (leA_dec a a0); intros.
-    elim (X a0); intros.
-    apply insert_exist with (Tree_Node a T2 T0);
-      auto using node_is_heap, nil_is_heap, leA_Tree_Leaf with datatypes.
-    simpl; apply treesort_twist1; trivial with datatypes.
-    elim (X a); intros T3 HeapT3 ConT3 LeA.
-    apply insert_exist with (Tree_Node a0 T2 T3);
-      auto using node_is_heap, nil_is_heap, leA_Tree_Leaf with datatypes.
-    apply node_is_heap; auto using node_is_heap, nil_is_heap, leA_Tree_Leaf with datatypes.
-    apply low_trans with a; auto with datatypes.
-    apply LeA; auto with datatypes.
-    apply low_trans with a; auto with datatypes.
-    simpl; apply treesort_twist2; trivial with datatypes.
-  Qed.
-
-
-  (** ** Building a heap from a list *)
-
-  Inductive build_heap (l:list A) : Type :=
-    heap_exist :
-    forall T:Tree,
-      is_heap T ->
-      meq (list_contents _ eqA_dec l) (contents T) -> build_heap l.
-
-  Lemma list_to_heap : forall l:list A, build_heap l.
-  Proof.
-    simple induction l.
-    apply (heap_exist nil Tree_Leaf); auto with datatypes.
-    simpl; unfold meq; exact nil_is_heap.
-    simple induction 1.
-    intros T i m; elim (insert T i a).
-    intros; apply heap_exist with T1; simpl; auto with datatypes.
-    apply meq_trans with (munion (contents T) (singletonBag a)).
-    apply meq_trans with (munion (singletonBag a) (contents T)).
-    apply meq_right; trivial with datatypes.
-    apply munion_comm.
-    apply meq_sym; trivial with datatypes.
-  Qed.
-
-
-  (** ** Building the sorted list *)
-
-  Inductive flat_spec (T:Tree) : Type :=
-    flat_exist :
-    forall l:list A,
-      Sorted leA l ->
-      (forall a:A, leA_Tree a T -> HdRel leA a l) ->
-      meq (contents T) (list_contents _ eqA_dec l) -> flat_spec T.
-
-  Lemma heap_to_list : forall T:Tree, is_heap T -> flat_spec T.
-  Proof.
-    intros T h; elim h; intros.
-    apply flat_exist with (nil (A:=A)); auto with datatypes.
-    elim X; intros l1 s1 i1 m1; elim X0; intros l2 s2 i2 m2.
-    elim (merge _ s1 _ s2); intros.
-    apply flat_exist with (a :: l); simpl; auto with datatypes.
-    apply meq_trans with
-      (munion (list_contents _ eqA_dec l1)
-        (munion (list_contents _ eqA_dec l2) (singletonBag a))).
-    apply meq_congr; auto with datatypes.
-    apply meq_trans with
-      (munion (singletonBag a)
-        (munion (list_contents _ eqA_dec l1) (list_contents _ eqA_dec l2))).
-    apply munion_rotate.
-    apply meq_right; apply meq_sym; trivial with datatypes.
-  Qed.
-
-
-  (** * Specification of treesort *)
-
-  Theorem treesort :
-    forall l:list A,
-    {m : list A | Sorted leA m & permutation _ eqA_dec l m}.
-  Proof.
-    intro l; unfold permutation.
-    elim (list_to_heap l).
-    intros.
-    elim (heap_to_list T); auto with datatypes.
-    intros.
-    exists l0; auto with datatypes.
-    apply meq_trans with (contents T); trivial with datatypes.
-  Qed.
-
-End defs.

samples/Coq/JsInterpreterExtraction.v

@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+Set Implicit Arguments.
+Require Import JsSyntax JsInterpreterMonads JsInterpreter JsInit.
+Require Import LibFix LibList.
+
+Require Export Shared.
+Require Export LibTactics LibLogic LibReflect LibList
+  LibOperation LibStruct LibNat LibEpsilon LibFunc LibHeap.
+Require Flocq.Appli.Fappli_IEEE Flocq.Appli.Fappli_IEEE_bits.
+
+
+
+(* Here stands some commands to extract relatively correctly the interpreter to Ocaml. *)
+Extraction Language Ocaml.
+
+Require Import ExtrOcamlBasic.
+Require Import ExtrOcamlNatInt.
+Require Import ExtrOcamlString.
+
+(* Optimal fixpoint. *)
+Extraction Inline FixFun3 FixFun3Mod FixFun4 FixFun4Mod FixFunMod curry3 uncurry3 curry4 uncurry4.
+(* As classical logic statements are now unused, they should not be extracted
+   (otherwise, useless errors will be launched). *)
+Extraction Inline epsilon epsilon_def classicT arbitrary indefinite_description Inhab_witness Fix isTrue.
+
+(**************************************************************)
+(** ** Numerical values *)
+
+(* number *)
+
+Extract Inductive positive => float
+[ "(fun p -> 1. +. (2. *. p))"
+  "(fun p -> 2. *. p)"
+  "1." ]
+"(fun f2p1 f2p f1 p ->
+if p <= 1. then f1 () else if mod_float p 2. = 0. then f2p (floor (p /. 2.)) else f2p1 (floor (p /. 2.)))".
+
+Extract Inductive Z => float [ "0." "" "(~-.)" ]
+"(fun f0 fp fn z -> if z=0. then f0 () else if z>0. then fp z else fn (~-. z))".
+
+Extract Inductive N => float [ "0." "" ]
+"(fun f0 fp n -> if n=0. then f0 () else fp n)".
+
+Extract Constant Z.add => "(+.)".
+Extract Constant Z.succ => "(+.) 1.".
+Extract Constant Z.pred => "(fun x -> x -. 1.)".
+Extract Constant Z.sub => "(-.)".
+Extract Constant Z.mul => "( *. )".
+Extract Constant Z.opp => "(~-.)".
+Extract Constant Z.abs => "abs_float".
+Extract Constant Z.min => "min".
+Extract Constant Z.max => "max".
+Extract Constant Z.compare =>
+ "fun x y -> if x=y then Eq else if x<y then Lt else Gt".
+
+Extract Constant Pos.add => "(+.)".
+Extract Constant Pos.succ => "(+.) 1.".
+Extract Constant Pos.pred => "(fun x -> x -. 1.)".
+Extract Constant Pos.sub => "(-.)".
+Extract Constant Pos.mul => "( *. )".
+Extract Constant Pos.min => "min".
+Extract Constant Pos.max => "max".
+Extract Constant Pos.compare =>
+ "fun x y -> if x=y then Eq else if x<y then Lt else Gt".
+Extract Constant Pos.compare_cont =>
+ "fun x y c -> if x=y then c else if x<y then Lt else Gt".
+
+Extract Constant N.add => "(+.)".
+Extract Constant N.succ => "(+.) 1.".
+Extract Constant N.pred => "(fun x -> x -. 1.)".
+Extract Constant N.sub => "(-.)".
+Extract Constant N.mul => "( *. )".
+Extract Constant N.min => "min".
+Extract Constant N.max => "max".
+Extract Constant N.div => "(fun x y -> if x = 0. then 0. else floor (x /. y))".
+Extract Constant N.modulo => "mod_float".
+Extract Constant N.compare =>
+ "fun x y -> if x=y then Eq else if x<y then Lt else Gt".
+
+Extract Inductive Fappli_IEEE.binary_float => float [
+  "(fun s -> if s then (0.) else (-0.))"
+  "(fun s -> if s then infinity else neg_infinity)"
+  "nan"
+  "(fun (s, m, e) -> failwith ""FIXME: No extraction from binary float allowed yet."")"
+]. 
+
+Extract Constant JsNumber.of_int => "fun x -> x".
+
+Extract Constant JsNumber.nan => "nan".
+Extract Constant JsNumber.zero => "0.".
+Extract Constant JsNumber.neg_zero => "(-0.)".
+Extract Constant JsNumber.one => "1.".
+Extract Constant JsNumber.infinity => "infinity".
+Extract Constant JsNumber.neg_infinity => "neg_infinity".
+Extract Constant JsNumber.max_value => "max_float".
+Extract Constant JsNumber.min_value => "(Int64.float_of_bits Int64.one)".
+Extract Constant JsNumber.pi => "(4. *. atan 1.)".
+Extract Constant JsNumber.e => "(exp 1.)".
+Extract Constant JsNumber.ln2 => "(log 2.)".
+Extract Constant JsNumber.floor => "floor".
+Extract Constant JsNumber.absolute => "abs_float".
+
+Extract Constant JsNumber.from_string =>
+  "(fun s ->
+    try
+      let s = (String.concat """" (List.map (String.make 1) s)) in
+      if s = """" then 0. else float_of_string s
+    with Failure ""float_of_string"" -> nan)
+   (* Note that we're using `float_of_string' there, which does not have the same
+      behavior than JavaScript.  For instance it will read ""022"" as 22 instead of
+      18, which should be the JavaScript result for it. *)".
+
+Extract Constant JsNumber.to_string =>
+  "(fun f -> 
+    prerr_string (""Warning:  JsNumber.to_string called.  This might be responsible for errors.  Argument value:  "" ^ string_of_float f ^ ""."");
+    prerr_newline();
+    let string_of_number n =
+      let sfn = string_of_float n in
+      (if (sfn = ""inf"") then ""Infinity"" else
+       if (sfn = ""-inf"") then ""-Infinity"" else
+       if (sfn = ""nan"") then ""NaN"" else
+       let inum = int_of_float n in
+       if (float_of_int inum = n) then (string_of_int inum) else (string_of_float n)) in
+    let ret = ref [] in (* Ugly, but the API for OCaml string is not very functional... *)
+    String.iter (fun c -> ret := c :: !ret) (string_of_number f);
+    List.rev !ret)
+   (* Note that this is ugly, we should use the spec of JsNumber.to_string here (9.8.1). *)".
+
+Extract Constant JsNumber.add => "(+.)".
+Extract Constant JsNumber.sub => "(-.)".
+Extract Constant JsNumber.mult => "( *. )".
+Extract Constant JsNumber.div => "(/.)".
+Extract Constant JsNumber.fmod => "mod_float".
+Extract Constant JsNumber.neg => "(~-.)".
+Extract Constant JsNumber.sign => "(fun f -> float_of_int (compare f 0.))".
+Extract Constant JsNumber.number_comparable => "(fun n1 n2 -> 0 = compare n1 n2)".
+Extract Constant JsNumber.lt_bool => "(<)".
+
+Extract Constant JsNumber.to_int32 => 
+"fun n ->
+  match classify_float n with
+  | FP_normal | FP_subnormal ->
+    let i32 = 2. ** 32. in
+    let i31 = 2. ** 31. in
+    let posint = (if n < 0. then (-1.) else 1.) *. (floor (abs_float n)) in
+    let int32bit =
+      let smod = mod_float posint i32 in
+      if smod < 0. then smod +. i32 else smod
+    in
+    (if int32bit >= i31 then int32bit -. i32 else int32bit)
+  | _ -> 0.". (* LATER:  do in Coq.  Spec is 9.5, p. 47.*)
+
+Extract Constant JsNumber.to_uint32 =>
+"fun n ->
+  match classify_float n with
+  | FP_normal | FP_subnormal ->
+    let i32 = 2. ** 32. in
+    let posint = (if n < 0. then (-1.) else 1.) *. (floor (abs_float n)) in
+    let int32bit =
+      let smod = mod_float posint i32 in
+      if smod < 0. then smod +. i32 else smod
+    in
+    int32bit
+  | _ -> 0.". (* LAER:  do in Coq.  Spec is 9.6, p47.*)
+
+Extract Constant JsNumber.modulo_32 => "(fun x -> let r = mod_float x 32. in if x < 0. then r +. 32. else r)".
+Extract Constant JsNumber.int32_bitwise_not => "fun x -> Int32.to_float (Int32.lognot (Int32.of_float x))".
+Extract Constant JsNumber.int32_bitwise_and => "fun x y -> Int32.to_float (Int32.logand (Int32.of_float x) (Int32.of_float y))".
+Extract Constant JsNumber.int32_bitwise_or => "fun x y -> Int32.to_float (Int32.logor (Int32.of_float x) (Int32.of_float y))".
+Extract Constant JsNumber.int32_bitwise_xor => "fun x y -> Int32.to_float (Int32.logxor (Int32.of_float x) (Int32.of_float y))".
+Extract Constant JsNumber.int32_left_shift => "(fun x y -> Int32.to_float (Int32.shift_left (Int32.of_float x) (int_of_float y)))".
+Extract Constant JsNumber.int32_right_shift => "(fun x y -> Int32.to_float (Int32.shift_right (Int32.of_float x) (int_of_float y)))".
+Extract Constant JsNumber.uint32_right_shift => 
+"(fun x y ->
+  let i31 = 2. ** 31. in
+  let i32 = 2. ** 32. in
+  let newx = if x >= i31 then x -. i32 else x in
+  let r = Int32.to_float (Int32.shift_right_logical (Int32.of_float newx) (int_of_float y)) in
+  if r < 0. then r +. i32 else r)".
+
+Extract Constant int_of_char => "(fun c -> float_of_int (int_of_char c))".
+
+Extract Constant ascii_comparable => "(=)".
+Extract Constant lt_int_decidable => "(<)".
+Extract Constant le_int_decidable => "(<=)".
+Extract Constant ge_nat_decidable => "(>=)".
+
+(* TODO ARTHUR:  This TLC lemma does not extract to something computable... whereas it should! *)
+Extract Constant prop_eq_decidable => "(=)".
+
+Extract Constant env_loc_global_env_record => "0".
+
+(* The following functions make pattern matches with floats and shall thus be removed. *)
+Extraction Inline Fappli_IEEE.Bplus Fappli_IEEE.binary_normalize Fappli_IEEE_bits.b64_plus.
+Extraction Inline Fappli_IEEE.Bmult Fappli_IEEE.Bmult_FF Fappli_IEEE_bits.b64_mult.
+Extraction Inline Fappli_IEEE.Bdiv Fappli_IEEE_bits.b64_div.
+
+(* New options for the interpreter to work in Coq 8.4 *)
+Set Extraction AccessOpaque.
+
+(* These parameters are implementation-dependant according to the spec.
+   I've chosed some very simple values, but we could choose another thing for them. *)
+Extract Constant object_prealloc_global_proto => "(Coq_value_prim Coq_prim_null)".
+Extract Constant object_prealloc_global_class => "(
+  let rec aux s = function
+  | 0 -> []
+  | n -> let n' = n - 1 in
+    s.[n'] :: aux s n'
+  in let aux2 s =
+    List.rev (aux s (String.length s))
+  in aux2 ""GlobalClass"")".
+
+
+(* Parsing *)
+Extract Constant parse_pickable => "(fun s strict ->
+    let str = String.concat """" (List.map (String.make 1) s) in
+    try
+      let parserExp = Parser_main.exp_from_string ~force_strict:strict str in
+      Some (JsSyntaxInfos.add_infos_prog strict
+        (Translate_syntax.exp_to_prog parserExp))
+    with
+    (* | Translate_syntax.CoqSyntaxDoesNotSupport _ -> assert false (* Temporary *) *)
+    | Parser.ParserFailure _
+    | Parser.InvalidArgument ->
+      prerr_string (""Warning:  Parser error on eval.  Input string:  \"""" ^ str ^ ""\""\n"");
+      None
+  )".
+
+
+(* Debugging *)
+Extract Inlined Constant not_yet_implemented_because => "(fun s ->
+  print_endline (__LOC__ ^ "": Not implemented because: "" ^ Prheap.string_of_char_list s) ;
+  Coq_result_not_yet_implemented)".
+Extract Inlined Constant impossible_because => "(fun s ->
+  print_endline (__LOC__ ^ "": Stuck because: "" ^ Prheap.string_of_char_list s) ;
+  Coq_result_impossible)".
+Extract Inlined Constant impossible_with_heap_because => "(fun s message ->
+  print_endline (__LOC__ ^ "": Stuck!\nState:  "" ^ Prheap.prstate true s
+    ^ ""\nMessage:\t"" ^ Prheap.string_of_char_list message) ;
+  Coq_result_impossible)".
+
+
+(* Final Extraction *)
+Extraction Blacklist string list bool.
+Separate Extraction runs run_javascript.
+
+
+
+(* -- LATER: extract inequality_test_string in more efficient way*)
+

samples/Coq/Main.v

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+Require Import FunctionNinjas.All.
+Require Import ListString.All.
+Require Import Computation.
+
+Import C.Notations.
+
+Definition error (message : LString.t) : C.t :=
+  do_call! Command.ShowError message in
+  ret.
+
+Definition main : C.t :=
+  call! card_is_valid := Command.AskCard in
+  if card_is_valid then
+    call! pin := Command.AskPIN in
+    match pin with
+    | None => error @@ LString.s "No PIN given."
+    | Some pin =>
+      call! pin_is_valid := Command.CheckPIN pin in
+      if pin_is_valid then
+        call! ask_amount := Command.AskAmount in
+        match ask_amount with
+        | None => error @@ LString.s "No amount given."
+        | Some amount =>
+          call! amount_is_valid := Command.CheckAmount amount in
+          if amount_is_valid then
+            call! card_is_given := Command.GiveCard in
+            if card_is_given then
+              call! amount_is_given := Command.GiveAmount amount in
+              if amount_is_given then
+                ret
+              else
+                error @@ LString.s "Cannot give you the amount. Please contact your bank."
+            else
+              error @@ LString.s "Cannot give you back the card. Please contact your bank."
+          else
+            error @@ LString.s "Invalid amount."
+        end
+      else
+        error @@ LString.s "Invalid PIN."
+    end
+  else
+    error @@ LString.s "Invalid card.".

samples/Coq/PermutSetoid.v

@@ -1,539 +0,0 @@
-Require Import Omega Relations Multiset SetoidList.
-
-(** This file is deprecated, use [Permutation.v] instead.
-
-    Indeed, this file defines a notion of permutation based on
-    multisets (there exists a permutation between two lists iff every
-    elements have the same multiplicity in the two lists) which
-    requires a more complex apparatus (the equipment of the domain
-    with a decidable equality) than [Permutation] in [Permutation.v].
-
-    The relation between the two relations are in lemma
-    [permutation_Permutation].
-
-    File [Permutation] concerns Leibniz equality : it shows in particular
-    that [List.Permutation] and [permutation] are equivalent in this context.
-*)
-
-Set Implicit Arguments.
-
-Local Notation "[ ]" := nil.
-Local Notation "[ a ; .. ; b ]" := (a :: .. (b :: []) ..).
-
-Section Permut.
-
-(** * From lists to multisets *)
-
-Variable A : Type.
-Variable eqA : relation A.
-Hypothesis eqA_equiv : Equivalence eqA.
-Hypothesis eqA_dec : forall x y:A, {eqA x y} + {~ eqA x y}.
-
-Let emptyBag := EmptyBag A.
-Let singletonBag := SingletonBag _ eqA_dec.
-
-(** contents of a list *)
-
-Fixpoint list_contents (l:list A) : multiset A :=
-  match l with
-  | [] => emptyBag
-  | a :: l => munion (singletonBag a) (list_contents l)
-  end.
-
-Lemma list_contents_app :
-  forall l m:list A,
-    meq (list_contents (l ++ m)) (munion (list_contents l) (list_contents m)).
-Proof.
-  simple induction l; simpl; auto with datatypes.
-  intros.
-  apply meq_trans with
-    (munion (singletonBag a) (munion (list_contents l0) (list_contents m)));
-    auto with datatypes.
-Qed.
-
-(** * [permutation]: definition and basic properties *)
-
-Definition permutation (l m:list A) := meq (list_contents l) (list_contents m).
-
-Lemma permut_refl : forall l:list A, permutation l l.
-Proof.
-  unfold permutation; auto with datatypes.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma permut_sym :
-  forall l1 l2 : list A, permutation l1 l2 -> permutation l2 l1.
-Proof.
-  unfold permutation, meq; intros; symmetry; trivial.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma permut_trans :
-  forall l m n:list A, permutation l m -> permutation m n -> permutation l n.
-Proof.
-  unfold permutation; intros.
-  apply meq_trans with (list_contents m); auto with datatypes.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma permut_cons_eq :
-  forall l m:list A,
-    permutation l m -> forall a a', eqA a a' -> permutation (a :: l) (a' :: m).
-Proof.
-  unfold permutation; simpl; intros.
-  apply meq_trans with (munion (singletonBag a') (list_contents l)).
-  apply meq_left, meq_singleton; auto.
-  auto with datatypes.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma permut_cons :
-  forall l m:list A,
-    permutation l m -> forall a:A, permutation (a :: l) (a :: m).
-Proof.
-  unfold permutation; simpl; auto with datatypes.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma permut_app :
-  forall l l' m m':list A,
-    permutation l l' -> permutation m m' -> permutation (l ++ m) (l' ++ m').
-Proof.
-  unfold permutation; intros.
-  apply meq_trans with (munion (list_contents l) (list_contents m));
-    auto using permut_cons, list_contents_app with datatypes.
-  apply meq_trans with (munion (list_contents l') (list_contents m'));
-    auto using permut_cons, list_contents_app with datatypes.
-  apply meq_trans with (munion (list_contents l') (list_contents m));
-    auto using permut_cons, list_contents_app with datatypes.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma permut_add_inside_eq :
-  forall a a' l1 l2 l3 l4, eqA a a' ->
-    permutation (l1 ++ l2) (l3 ++ l4) ->
-    permutation (l1 ++ a :: l2) (l3 ++ a' :: l4).
-Proof.
-  unfold permutation, meq in *; intros.
-  specialize H0 with a0.
-  repeat rewrite list_contents_app in *; simpl in *.
-  destruct (eqA_dec a a0) as [Ha|Ha]; rewrite H in Ha;
-    decide (eqA_dec a' a0) with Ha; simpl; auto with arith.
-  do 2 rewrite <- plus_n_Sm; f_equal; auto.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma permut_add_inside :
-  forall a l1 l2 l3 l4,
-    permutation (l1 ++ l2) (l3 ++ l4) ->
-    permutation (l1 ++ a :: l2) (l3 ++ a :: l4).
-Proof.
-  unfold permutation, meq in *; intros.
-  generalize (H a0); clear H.
-  do 4 rewrite list_contents_app.
-  simpl.
-  destruct (eqA_dec a a0); simpl; auto with arith.
-  do 2 rewrite <- plus_n_Sm; f_equal; auto.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma permut_add_cons_inside_eq :
-  forall a a' l l1 l2, eqA a a' ->
-    permutation l (l1 ++ l2) ->
-    permutation (a :: l) (l1 ++ a' :: l2).
-Proof.
-  intros;
-  replace (a :: l) with ([] ++ a :: l); trivial;
-    apply permut_add_inside_eq; trivial.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma permut_add_cons_inside :
-  forall a l l1 l2,
-    permutation l (l1 ++ l2) ->
-    permutation (a :: l) (l1 ++ a :: l2).
-Proof.
-  intros;
-    replace (a :: l) with ([] ++ a :: l); trivial;
-        apply permut_add_inside; trivial.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma permut_middle :
-  forall (l m:list A) (a:A), permutation (a :: l ++ m) (l ++ a :: m).
-Proof.
-  intros; apply permut_add_cons_inside; auto using permut_sym, permut_refl.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma permut_sym_app :
-  forall l1 l2, permutation (l1 ++ l2) (l2 ++ l1).
-Proof.
-  intros l1 l2;
-    unfold permutation, meq;
-        intro a; do 2 rewrite list_contents_app; simpl;
-          auto with arith.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma permut_rev :
-  forall l, permutation l (rev l).
-Proof.
-  induction l.
-  simpl; trivial using permut_refl.
-  simpl.
-  apply permut_add_cons_inside.
-  rewrite <- app_nil_end. trivial.
-Qed.
-
-(** * Some inversion results. *)
-Lemma permut_conv_inv :
-  forall e l1 l2, permutation (e :: l1) (e :: l2) -> permutation l1 l2.
-Proof.
-  intros e l1 l2; unfold permutation, meq; simpl; intros H a;
-    generalize (H a); apply plus_reg_l.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma permut_app_inv1 :
-  forall l l1 l2, permutation (l1 ++ l) (l2 ++ l) -> permutation l1 l2.
-Proof.
-  intros l l1 l2; unfold permutation, meq; simpl;
-    intros H a; generalize (H a); clear H.
-  do 2 rewrite list_contents_app.
-  simpl.
-  intros; apply plus_reg_l with (multiplicity (list_contents l) a).
-  rewrite plus_comm; rewrite H; rewrite plus_comm.
-  trivial.
-Qed.
-
-(** we can use [multiplicity] to define [InA] and [NoDupA]. *)
-
-Fact if_eqA_then : forall a a' (B:Type)(b b':B),
- eqA a a' -> (if eqA_dec a a' then b else b') = b.
-Proof.
-  intros. destruct eqA_dec as [_|NEQ]; auto.
-  contradict NEQ; auto.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma permut_app_inv2 :
-  forall l l1 l2, permutation (l ++ l1) (l ++ l2) -> permutation l1 l2.
-Proof.
-  intros l l1 l2; unfold permutation, meq; simpl;
-    intros H a; generalize (H a); clear H.
-  do 2 rewrite list_contents_app.
-  simpl.
-  intros; apply plus_reg_l with (multiplicity (list_contents l) a).
-  trivial.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma permut_remove_hd_eq :
-  forall l l1 l2 a b, eqA a b ->
-    permutation (a :: l) (l1 ++ b :: l2) -> permutation l (l1 ++ l2).
-Proof.
-  unfold permutation, meq; simpl; intros l l1 l2 a b Heq H a0.
-  specialize H with a0.
-  rewrite list_contents_app in *; simpl in *.
-  apply plus_reg_l with (if eqA_dec a a0 then 1 else 0).
-  rewrite H; clear H.
-  symmetry; rewrite plus_comm, <- ! plus_assoc; f_equal.
-  rewrite plus_comm.
-  destruct (eqA_dec a a0) as [Ha|Ha]; rewrite Heq in Ha;
-    decide (eqA_dec b a0) with Ha; reflexivity.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma permut_remove_hd :
-  forall l l1 l2 a,
-    permutation (a :: l) (l1 ++ a :: l2) -> permutation l (l1 ++ l2).
-Proof.
-  eauto using permut_remove_hd_eq, Equivalence_Reflexive.
-Qed.
-
-Fact if_eqA_else : forall a a' (B:Type)(b b':B),
- ~eqA a a' -> (if eqA_dec a a' then b else b') = b'.
-Proof.
-  intros. decide (eqA_dec a a') with H; auto.
-Qed.
-
-Fact if_eqA_refl : forall a (B:Type)(b b':B),
- (if eqA_dec a a then b else b') = b.
-Proof.
-  intros; apply (decide_left (eqA_dec a a)); auto with *.
-Qed.
-
-(** PL: Inutilisable dans un rewrite sans un change prealable. *)
-
-Global Instance if_eqA (B:Type)(b b':B) :
- Proper (eqA==>eqA==>@eq _) (fun x y => if eqA_dec x y then b else b').
-Proof.
- intros x x' Hxx' y y' Hyy'.
- intros; destruct (eqA_dec x y) as [H|H];
-  destruct (eqA_dec x' y') as [H'|H']; auto.
- contradict H'; transitivity x; auto with *; transitivity y; auto with *.
- contradict H; transitivity x'; auto with *; transitivity y'; auto with *.
-Qed.
-
-Fact if_eqA_rewrite_l : forall a1 a1' a2 (B:Type)(b b':B),
- eqA a1 a1' -> (if eqA_dec a1 a2 then b else b') =
-               (if eqA_dec a1' a2 then b else b').
-Proof.
- intros; destruct (eqA_dec a1 a2) as [A1|A1];
-  destruct (eqA_dec a1' a2) as [A1'|A1']; auto.
- contradict A1'; transitivity a1; eauto with *.
- contradict A1; transitivity a1'; eauto with *.
-Qed.
-
-Fact if_eqA_rewrite_r : forall a1 a2 a2' (B:Type)(b b':B),
- eqA a2 a2' -> (if eqA_dec a1 a2 then b else b') =
-               (if eqA_dec a1 a2' then b else b').
-Proof.
- intros; destruct (eqA_dec a1 a2) as [A2|A2];
-  destruct (eqA_dec a1 a2') as [A2'|A2']; auto.
- contradict A2'; transitivity a2; eauto with *.
- contradict A2; transitivity a2'; eauto with *.
-Qed.
-
-
-Global Instance multiplicity_eqA (l:list A) :
- Proper (eqA==>@eq _) (multiplicity (list_contents l)).
-Proof.
-  intros x x' Hxx'.
-  induction l as [|y l Hl]; simpl; auto.
-  rewrite (@if_eqA_rewrite_r y x x'); auto.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma multiplicity_InA :
-  forall l a, InA eqA a l <-> 0 < multiplicity (list_contents l) a.
-Proof.
-  induction l.
-  simpl.
-  split; inversion 1.
-  simpl.
-  intros a'; split; intros H. inversion_clear H.
-  apply (decide_left (eqA_dec a a')); auto with *.
-  destruct (eqA_dec a a'); auto with *. simpl; rewrite <- IHl; auto.
-  destruct (eqA_dec a a'); auto with *. right. rewrite IHl; auto.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma multiplicity_InA_O :
-  forall l a, ~ InA eqA a l -> multiplicity (list_contents l) a = 0.
-Proof.
-  intros l a; rewrite multiplicity_InA;
-    destruct (multiplicity (list_contents l) a); auto with arith.
-  destruct 1; auto with arith.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma multiplicity_InA_S :
-  forall l a, InA eqA a l -> multiplicity (list_contents l) a >= 1.
-Proof.
-  intros l a; rewrite multiplicity_InA; auto with arith.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma multiplicity_NoDupA : forall l,
-  NoDupA eqA l <-> (forall a, multiplicity (list_contents l) a <= 1).
-Proof.
-  induction l.
-  simpl.
-  split; auto with arith.
-  split; simpl.
-  inversion_clear 1.
-  rewrite IHl in H1.
-  intros; destruct (eqA_dec a a0) as [EQ|NEQ]; simpl; auto with *.
-  rewrite <- EQ.
-  rewrite multiplicity_InA_O; auto.
-  intros; constructor.
-  rewrite multiplicity_InA.
-  specialize (H a).
-  rewrite if_eqA_refl in H.
-  clear IHl; omega.
-  rewrite IHl; intros.
-  specialize (H a0). omega.
-Qed.
-
-(** Permutation is compatible with InA. *)
-Lemma permut_InA_InA :
-  forall l1 l2 e, permutation l1 l2 -> InA eqA e l1 -> InA eqA e l2.
-Proof.
-  intros l1 l2 e.
-  do 2 rewrite multiplicity_InA.
-  unfold permutation, meq.
-  intros H;rewrite H; auto.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma permut_cons_InA :
-  forall l1 l2 e, permutation (e :: l1) l2 -> InA eqA e l2.
-Proof.
-  intros; apply (permut_InA_InA (e:=e) H); auto with *.
-Qed.
-
-(** Permutation of an empty list. *)
-Lemma permut_nil :
-  forall l, permutation l [] -> l = [].
-Proof.
-  intro l; destruct l as [ | e l ]; trivial.
-  assert (InA eqA e (e::l)) by (auto with *).
-  intro Abs; generalize (permut_InA_InA Abs H).
-  inversion 1.
-Qed.
-
-(** Permutation for short lists. *)
-
-Lemma permut_length_1:
-  forall a b, permutation [a] [b] -> eqA a b.
-Proof.
-  intros a b; unfold permutation, meq.
-  intro P; specialize (P b); simpl in *.
-  rewrite if_eqA_refl in *.
-  destruct (eqA_dec a b); simpl; auto; discriminate.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma permut_length_2 :
-  forall a1 b1 a2 b2, permutation [a1; b1] [a2; b2] ->
-    (eqA a1 a2) /\ (eqA b1 b2) \/ (eqA a1 b2) /\ (eqA a2 b1).
-Proof.
-  intros a1 b1 a2 b2 P.
-  assert (H:=permut_cons_InA P).
-  inversion_clear H.
-  left; split; auto.
-  apply permut_length_1.
-  red; red; intros.
-  specialize (P a). simpl in *.
-  rewrite (@if_eqA_rewrite_l a1 a2 a) in P by auto. omega.
-  right.
-  inversion_clear H0; [|inversion H].
-  split; auto.
-  apply permut_length_1.
-  red; red; intros.
-  specialize (P a); simpl in *.
-  rewrite (@if_eqA_rewrite_l a1 b2 a) in P by auto. omega.
-Qed.
-
-(** Permutation is compatible with length. *)
-Lemma permut_length :
-  forall l1 l2, permutation l1 l2 -> length l1 = length l2.
-Proof.
-  induction l1; intros l2 H.
-  rewrite (permut_nil (permut_sym H)); auto.
-  assert (H0:=permut_cons_InA H).
-  destruct (InA_split H0) as (h2,(b,(t2,(H1,H2)))).
-  subst l2.
-  rewrite app_length.
-  simpl; rewrite <- plus_n_Sm; f_equal.
-  rewrite <- app_length.
-  apply IHl1.
-  apply permut_remove_hd with b.
-  apply permut_trans with (a::l1); auto.
-  revert H1; unfold permutation, meq; simpl.
-  intros; f_equal; auto.
-  rewrite (@if_eqA_rewrite_l a b a0); auto.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma NoDupA_equivlistA_permut :
-  forall l l', NoDupA eqA l -> NoDupA eqA l' ->
-    equivlistA eqA l l' -> permutation l l'.
-Proof.
-  intros.
-  red; unfold meq; intros.
-  rewrite multiplicity_NoDupA in H, H0.
-  generalize (H a) (H0 a) (H1 a); clear H H0 H1.
-  do 2 rewrite multiplicity_InA.
-  destruct 3; omega.
-Qed.
-
-End Permut.
-
-Section Permut_map.
-
-Variables A B : Type.
-
-Variable eqA : relation A.
-Hypothesis eqA_dec : forall x y:A, {eqA x y} + {~ eqA x y}.
-Hypothesis eqA_equiv : Equivalence eqA.
-
-Variable eqB : B->B->Prop.
-Hypothesis eqB_dec : forall x y:B, { eqB x y }+{ ~eqB x y }.
-Hypothesis eqB_trans : Transitive eqB.
-
-(** Permutation is compatible with map. *)
-
-Lemma permut_map :
-  forall f,
-    (Proper (eqA==>eqB) f) ->
-    forall l1 l2, permutation _ eqA_dec l1 l2 ->
-      permutation _ eqB_dec (map f l1) (map f l2).
-Proof.
-  intros f; induction l1.
-  intros l2 P; rewrite (permut_nil eqA_equiv (permut_sym P)); apply permut_refl.
-  intros l2 P.
-  simpl.
-  assert (H0:=permut_cons_InA eqA_equiv P).
-  destruct (InA_split H0) as (h2,(b,(t2,(H1,H2)))).
-  subst l2.
-  rewrite map_app.
-  simpl.
-  apply permut_trans with (f b :: map f l1).
-  revert H1; unfold permutation, meq; simpl.
-  intros; f_equal; auto.
-  destruct (eqB_dec (f b) a0) as [H2|H2];
-    destruct (eqB_dec (f a) a0) as [H3|H3]; auto.
-  destruct H3; transitivity (f b); auto with *.
-  destruct H2; transitivity (f a); auto with *.
-  apply permut_add_cons_inside.
-  rewrite <- map_app.
-  apply IHl1; auto.
-  apply permut_remove_hd with b; trivial.
-  apply permut_trans with (a::l1); auto.
-  revert H1; unfold permutation, meq; simpl.
-  intros; f_equal; auto.
-  rewrite (@if_eqA_rewrite_l _ _ eqA_equiv eqA_dec a b a0); auto.
-Qed.
-
-End Permut_map.
-
-Require Import Permutation.
-
-Section Permut_permut.
-
-Variable A : Type.
-
-Variable eqA : relation A.
-Hypothesis eqA_dec : forall x y:A, {eqA x y} + {~ eqA x y}.
-Hypothesis eqA_equiv : Equivalence eqA.
-
-Lemma Permutation_impl_permutation : forall l l',
-  Permutation l l' -> permutation _ eqA_dec l l'.
-Proof.
-  induction 1.
-    apply permut_refl.
-    apply permut_cons; auto using Equivalence_Reflexive.
-    change (x :: y :: l) with ([x] ++ y :: l);
-      apply permut_add_cons_inside; simpl;
-      apply permut_cons_eq; auto using Equivalence_Reflexive, permut_refl.
-    apply permut_trans with l'; trivial.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma permut_eqA : forall l l', Forall2 eqA l l' -> permutation _ eqA_dec l l'.
-Proof.
-  induction 1.
-    apply permut_refl.
-    apply permut_cons_eq; trivial.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma permutation_Permutation : forall l l',
-  permutation _ eqA_dec l l' <->
-  exists l'', Permutation l l'' /\ Forall2 eqA l'' l'.
-Proof.
-  split; intro H.
-  (* -> *)
-  induction l in l', H |- *.
-    exists []; apply permut_sym, permut_nil in H as ->; auto using Forall2.
-    pose proof H as H'.
-    apply permut_cons_InA, InA_split in H
-      as (l1 & y & l2 & Heq & ->); trivial.
-    apply permut_remove_hd_eq, IHl in H'
-      as (l'' & IHP & IHA); clear IHl; trivial.
-    apply Forall2_app_inv_r in IHA as (l1'' & l2'' & Hl1 & Hl2 & ->).
-    exists (l1'' ++ a :: l2''); split.
-      apply Permutation_cons_app; trivial.
-      apply Forall2_app, Forall2_cons; trivial.
-  (* <- *)
-  destruct H as (l'' & H & Heq).
-  apply permut_trans with l''.
-    apply Permutation_impl_permutation; trivial.
-    apply permut_eqA; trivial.
-Qed.
-
-End Permut_permut.
-
-(* begin hide *)
-(** For compatibilty *)
-Notation permut_right := permut_cons (only parsing).
-Notation permut_tran := permut_trans (only parsing).
-(* end hide *)

samples/Coq/Permutation.v

@@ -1,632 +0,0 @@
-(* Adapted in May 2006 by Jean-Marc Notin from initial contents by
-   Laurent Thery (Huffmann contribution, October 2003) *)
-
-Require Import List Setoid Compare_dec Morphisms.
-Import ListNotations. (* For notations [] and [a;b;c] *)
-Set Implicit Arguments.
-
-Section Permutation.
-
-Variable A:Type.
-
-Inductive Permutation : list A -> list A -> Prop :=
-| perm_nil: Permutation [] []
-| perm_skip x l l' : Permutation l l' -> Permutation (x::l) (x::l')
-| perm_swap x y l : Permutation (y::x::l) (x::y::l)
-| perm_trans l l' l'' :
-    Permutation l l' -> Permutation l' l'' -> Permutation l l''.
-
-Local Hint Constructors Permutation.
-
-(** Some facts about [Permutation] *)
-
-Theorem Permutation_nil : forall (l : list A), Permutation [] l -> l = [].
-Proof.
-  intros l HF.
-  remember (@nil A) as m in HF.
-  induction HF; discriminate || auto.
-Qed.
-
-Theorem Permutation_nil_cons : forall (l : list A) (x : A),
- ~ Permutation nil (x::l).
-Proof.
-  intros l x HF.
-  apply Permutation_nil in HF; discriminate.
-Qed.
-
-(** Permutation over lists is a equivalence relation *)
-
-Theorem Permutation_refl : forall l : list A, Permutation l l.
-Proof.
-  induction l; constructor. exact IHl.
-Qed.
-
-Theorem Permutation_sym : forall l l' : list A,
- Permutation l l' -> Permutation l' l.
-Proof.
-  intros l l' Hperm; induction Hperm; auto.
-  apply perm_trans with (l':=l'); assumption.
-Qed.
-
-Theorem Permutation_trans : forall l l' l'' : list A,
- Permutation l l' -> Permutation l' l'' -> Permutation l l''.
-Proof.
-  exact perm_trans.
-Qed.
-
-End Permutation.
-
-Hint Resolve Permutation_refl perm_nil perm_skip.
-
-(* These hints do not reduce the size of the problem to solve and they
-   must be used with care to avoid combinatoric explosions *)
-
-Local Hint Resolve perm_swap perm_trans.
-Local Hint Resolve Permutation_sym Permutation_trans.
-
-(* This provides reflexivity, symmetry and transitivity and rewriting
-   on morphims to come *)
-
-Instance Permutation_Equivalence A : Equivalence (@Permutation A) | 10 := {
-  Equivalence_Reflexive := @Permutation_refl A ;
-  Equivalence_Symmetric := @Permutation_sym A ;
-  Equivalence_Transitive := @Permutation_trans A }.
-
-Instance Permutation_cons A :
- Proper (Logic.eq ==> @Permutation A ==> @Permutation A) (@cons A) | 10.
-Proof.
-  repeat intro; subst; auto using perm_skip.
-Qed.
-
-Section Permutation_properties.
-
-Variable A:Type.
-
-Implicit Types a b : A.
-Implicit Types l m : list A.
-
-(** Compatibility with others operations on lists *)
-
-Theorem Permutation_in : forall (l l' : list A) (x : A),
- Permutation l l' -> In x l -> In x l'.
-Proof.
-  intros l l' x Hperm; induction Hperm; simpl; tauto.
-Qed.
-
-Global Instance Permutation_in' :
- Proper (Logic.eq ==> @Permutation A ==> iff) (@In A) | 10.
-Proof.
-  repeat red; intros; subst; eauto using Permutation_in.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma Permutation_app_tail : forall (l l' tl : list A),
- Permutation l l' -> Permutation (l++tl) (l'++tl).
-Proof.
-  intros l l' tl Hperm; induction Hperm as [|x l l'|x y l|l l' l'']; simpl; auto.
-  eapply Permutation_trans with (l':=l'++tl); trivial.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma Permutation_app_head : forall (l tl tl' : list A),
- Permutation tl tl' -> Permutation (l++tl) (l++tl').
-Proof.
-  intros l tl tl' Hperm; induction l;
-   [trivial | repeat rewrite <- app_comm_cons; constructor; assumption].
-Qed.
-
-Theorem Permutation_app : forall (l m l' m' : list A),
- Permutation l l' -> Permutation m m' -> Permutation (l++m) (l'++m').
-Proof.
-  intros l m l' m' Hpermll' Hpermmm';
-   induction Hpermll' as [|x l l'|x y l|l l' l''];
-    repeat rewrite <- app_comm_cons; auto.
-  apply Permutation_trans with (l' := (x :: y :: l ++ m));
-   [idtac | repeat rewrite app_comm_cons; apply Permutation_app_head]; trivial.
-  apply Permutation_trans with (l' := (l' ++ m')); try assumption.
-  apply Permutation_app_tail; assumption.
-Qed.
-
-Global Instance Permutation_app' :
- Proper (@Permutation A ==> @Permutation A ==> @Permutation A) (@app A) | 10.
-Proof.
-  repeat intro; now apply Permutation_app.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma Permutation_add_inside : forall a (l l' tl tl' : list A),
-  Permutation l l' -> Permutation tl tl' ->
-  Permutation (l ++ a :: tl) (l' ++ a :: tl').
-Proof.
-  intros; apply Permutation_app; auto.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma Permutation_cons_append : forall (l : list A) x,
-  Permutation (x :: l) (l ++ x :: nil).
-Proof. induction l; intros; auto. simpl. rewrite <- IHl; auto. Qed.
-Local Hint Resolve Permutation_cons_append.
-
-Theorem Permutation_app_comm : forall (l l' : list A),
-  Permutation (l ++ l') (l' ++ l).
-Proof.
-  induction l as [|x l]; simpl; intro l'.
-  rewrite app_nil_r; trivial. rewrite IHl.
-  rewrite app_comm_cons, Permutation_cons_append.
-  now rewrite <- app_assoc.
-Qed.
-Local Hint Resolve Permutation_app_comm.
-
-Theorem Permutation_cons_app : forall (l l1 l2:list A) a,
-  Permutation l (l1 ++ l2) -> Permutation (a :: l) (l1 ++ a :: l2).
-Proof.
-  intros l l1 l2 a H. rewrite H.
-  rewrite app_comm_cons, Permutation_cons_append.
-  now rewrite <- app_assoc.
-Qed.
-Local Hint Resolve Permutation_cons_app.
-
-Theorem Permutation_middle : forall (l1 l2:list A) a,
-  Permutation (a :: l1 ++ l2) (l1 ++ a :: l2).
-Proof.
-  auto.
-Qed.
-Local Hint Resolve Permutation_middle.
-
-Theorem Permutation_rev : forall (l : list A), Permutation l (rev l).
-Proof.
-  induction l as [| x l]; simpl; trivial. now rewrite IHl at 1.
-Qed.
-
-Global Instance Permutation_rev' :
- Proper (@Permutation A ==> @Permutation A) (@rev A) | 10.
-Proof.
-  repeat intro; now rewrite <- 2 Permutation_rev.
-Qed.
-
-Theorem Permutation_length : forall (l l' : list A),
- Permutation l l' -> length l = length l'.
-Proof.
-  intros l l' Hperm; induction Hperm; simpl; auto. now transitivity (length l').
-Qed.
-
-Global Instance Permutation_length' :
- Proper (@Permutation A ==> Logic.eq) (@length A) | 10.
-Proof.
-  exact Permutation_length.
-Qed.
-
-Theorem Permutation_ind_bis :
- forall P : list A -> list A -> Prop,
-   P [] [] ->
-   (forall x l l', Permutation l l' -> P l l' -> P (x :: l) (x :: l')) ->
-   (forall x y l l', Permutation l l' -> P l l' -> P (y :: x :: l) (x :: y :: l')) ->
-   (forall l l' l'', Permutation l l' -> P l l' -> Permutation l' l'' -> P l' l'' -> P l l'') ->
-   forall l l', Permutation l l' -> P l l'.
-Proof.
-  intros P Hnil Hskip Hswap Htrans.
-  induction 1; auto.
-  apply Htrans with (x::y::l); auto.
-  apply Hswap; auto.
-  induction l; auto.
-  apply Hskip; auto.
-  apply Hskip; auto.
-  induction l; auto.
-  eauto.
-Qed.
-
-Ltac break_list l x l' H :=
-  destruct l as [|x l']; simpl in *;
-  injection H; intros; subst; clear H.
-
-Theorem Permutation_nil_app_cons : forall (l l' : list A) (x : A),
- ~ Permutation nil (l++x::l').
-Proof.
-  intros l l' x HF.
-  apply Permutation_nil in HF. destruct l; discriminate.
-Qed.
-
-Theorem Permutation_app_inv : forall (l1 l2 l3 l4:list A) a,
-  Permutation (l1++a::l2) (l3++a::l4) -> Permutation (l1++l2) (l3 ++ l4).
-Proof.
-  intros l1 l2 l3 l4 a; revert l1 l2 l3 l4.
-  set (P l l' :=
-       forall l1 l2 l3 l4, l=l1++a::l2 -> l'=l3++a::l4 ->
-       Permutation (l1++l2) (l3++l4)).
-  cut (forall l l', Permutation l l' -> P l l').
-  intros H; intros; eapply H; eauto.
-  apply (Permutation_ind_bis P); unfold P; clear P.
-  - (* nil *)
-    intros; now destruct l1.
-  - (* skip *)
-    intros x l l' H IH; intros.
-    break_list l1 b l1' H0; break_list l3 c l3' H1.
-    auto.
-    now rewrite H.
-    now rewrite <- H.
-    now rewrite (IH _ _ _ _ eq_refl eq_refl).
-  - (* swap *)
-    intros x y l l' Hp IH; intros.
-    break_list l1 b l1' H; break_list l3 c l3' H0.
-    auto.
-    break_list l3' b l3'' H.
-    auto.
-    constructor. now rewrite Permutation_middle.
-    break_list l1' c l1'' H1.
-    auto.
-    constructor. now rewrite Permutation_middle.
-    break_list l3' d l3'' H; break_list l1' e l1'' H1.
-    auto.
-    rewrite perm_swap. constructor. now rewrite Permutation_middle.
-    rewrite perm_swap. constructor. now rewrite Permutation_middle.
-    now rewrite perm_swap, (IH _ _ _ _ eq_refl eq_refl).
-  - (*trans*)
-    intros.
-    destruct (In_split a l') as (l'1,(l'2,H6)).
-    rewrite <- H.
-    subst l.
-    apply in_or_app; right; red; auto.
-    apply perm_trans with (l'1++l'2).
-    apply (H0 _ _ _ _ H3 H6).
-    apply (H2 _ _ _ _ H6 H4).
-Qed.
-
-Theorem Permutation_cons_inv l l' a :
- Permutation (a::l) (a::l') -> Permutation l l'.
-Proof.
-  intro H; exact (Permutation_app_inv [] l [] l' a H).
-Qed.
-
-Theorem Permutation_cons_app_inv l l1 l2 a :
- Permutation (a :: l) (l1 ++ a :: l2) -> Permutation l (l1 ++ l2).
-Proof.
-  intro H; exact (Permutation_app_inv [] l l1 l2 a H).
-Qed.
-
-Theorem Permutation_app_inv_l : forall l l1 l2,
- Permutation (l ++ l1) (l ++ l2) -> Permutation l1 l2.
-Proof.
-  induction l; simpl; auto.
-  intros.
-  apply IHl.
-  apply Permutation_cons_inv with a; auto.
-Qed.
-
-Theorem Permutation_app_inv_r : forall l l1 l2,
- Permutation (l1 ++ l) (l2 ++ l) -> Permutation l1 l2.
-Proof.
-  induction l.
-  intros l1 l2; do 2 rewrite app_nil_r; auto.
-  intros.
-  apply IHl.
-  apply Permutation_app_inv with a; auto.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma Permutation_length_1_inv: forall a l, Permutation [a] l -> l = [a].
-Proof.
-  intros a l H; remember [a] as m in H.
-  induction H; try (injection Heqm as -> ->; clear Heqm);
-    discriminate || auto.
-  apply Permutation_nil in H as ->; trivial.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma Permutation_length_1: forall a b, Permutation [a] [b] -> a = b.
-Proof.
-  intros a b H.
-  apply Permutation_length_1_inv in H; injection H as ->; trivial.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma Permutation_length_2_inv :
-  forall a1 a2 l, Permutation [a1;a2] l -> l = [a1;a2] \/ l = [a2;a1].
-Proof.
-  intros a1 a2 l H; remember [a1;a2] as m in H.
-  revert a1 a2 Heqm.
-  induction H; intros; try (injection Heqm; intros; subst; clear Heqm);
-    discriminate || (try tauto).
-  apply Permutation_length_1_inv in H as ->; left; auto.
-  apply IHPermutation1 in Heqm as [H1|H1]; apply IHPermutation2 in H1 as ();
-    auto.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma Permutation_length_2 :
-  forall a1 a2 b1 b2, Permutation [a1;a2] [b1;b2] ->
-    a1 = b1 /\ a2 = b2 \/ a1 = b2 /\ a2 = b1.
-Proof.
-  intros a1 b1 a2 b2 H.
-  apply Permutation_length_2_inv in H as [H|H]; injection H as -> ->; auto.
-Qed.
-
-Let in_middle l l1 l2 (a:A) : l = l1 ++ a :: l2 ->
- forall x, In x l <-> a = x \/ In x (l1++l2).
-Proof.
- intros; subst; rewrite !in_app_iff; simpl. tauto.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma NoDup_cardinal_incl (l l' : list A) : NoDup l -> NoDup l' ->
-  length l = length l' -> incl l l' -> incl l' l.
-Proof.
- intros N. revert l'. induction N as [|a l Hal Hl IH].
- - destruct l'; now auto.
- - intros l' Hl' E H x Hx.
-   assert (Ha : In a l') by (apply H; simpl; auto).
-   destruct (in_split _ _ Ha) as (l1 & l2 & H12). clear Ha.
-   rewrite in_middle in Hx; eauto.
-   destruct Hx as [Hx|Hx]; [left|right]; auto.
-   apply (IH (l1++l2)); auto.
-   * apply NoDup_remove_1 with a; rewrite <- H12; auto.
-   * apply eq_add_S.
-     simpl in E; rewrite E, H12, !app_length; simpl; auto with arith.
-   * intros y Hy. assert (Hy' : In y l') by (apply H; simpl; auto).
-     rewrite in_middle in Hy'; eauto.
-     destruct Hy'; auto. subst y; intuition.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma NoDup_Permutation l l' : NoDup l -> NoDup l' ->
-  (forall x:A, In x l <-> In x l') -> Permutation l l'.
-Proof.
- intros N. revert l'. induction N as [|a l Hal Hl IH].
- - destruct l'; simpl; auto.
-   intros Hl' H. exfalso. rewrite (H a); auto.
- - intros l' Hl' H.
-   assert (Ha : In a l') by (apply H; simpl; auto).
-   destruct (In_split _ _ Ha) as (l1 & l2 & H12).
-   rewrite H12.
-   apply Permutation_cons_app.
-   apply IH; auto.
-   * apply NoDup_remove_1 with a; rewrite <- H12; auto.
-   * intro x. split; intros Hx.
-     + assert (Hx' : In x l') by (apply H; simpl; auto).
-       rewrite in_middle in Hx'; eauto.
-       destruct Hx'; auto. subst; intuition.
-     + assert (Hx' : In x l') by (rewrite (in_middle l1 l2 a); eauto).
-       rewrite <- H in Hx'. destruct Hx'; auto.
-       subst. destruct (NoDup_remove_2 _ _ _ Hl' Hx).
-Qed.
-
-Lemma NoDup_Permutation_bis l l' : NoDup l -> NoDup l' ->
-  length l = length l' -> incl l l' -> Permutation l l'.
-Proof.
- intros. apply NoDup_Permutation; auto.
- split; auto. apply NoDup_cardinal_incl; auto.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma Permutation_NoDup l l' : Permutation l l' -> NoDup l -> NoDup l'.
-Proof.
- induction 1; auto.
- * inversion_clear 1; constructor; eauto using Permutation_in.
- * inversion_clear 1 as [|? ? H1 H2]. inversion_clear H2; simpl in *.
-   constructor. simpl; intuition. constructor; intuition.
-Qed.
-
-Global Instance Permutation_NoDup' :
- Proper (@Permutation A ==> iff) (@NoDup A) | 10.
-Proof.
-  repeat red; eauto using Permutation_NoDup.
-Qed.
-
-End Permutation_properties.
-
-Section Permutation_map.
-
-Variable A B : Type.
-Variable f : A -> B.
-
-Lemma Permutation_map l l' :
-  Permutation l l' -> Permutation (map f l) (map f l').
-Proof.
- induction 1; simpl; eauto.
-Qed.
-
-Global Instance Permutation_map' :
-  Proper (@Permutation A ==> @Permutation B) (map f) | 10.
-Proof.
-  exact Permutation_map.
-Qed.
-
-End Permutation_map.
-
-Section Injection.
-
-Definition injective {A B} (f : A->B) :=
- forall x y, f x = f y -> x = y.
-
-Lemma injective_map_NoDup {A B} (f:A->B) (l:list A) :
- injective f -> NoDup l -> NoDup (map f l).
-Proof.
- intros Hf. induction 1 as [|x l Hx Hl IH]; simpl; constructor; trivial.
- rewrite in_map_iff. intros (y & Hy & Hy'). apply Hf in Hy. now subst.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma injective_bounded_surjective n f :
- injective f ->
- (forall x, x < n -> f x < n) ->
- (forall y, y < n -> exists x, x < n /\ f x = y).
-Proof.
- intros Hf H.
- set (l := seq 0 n).
- assert (P : incl (map f l) l).
- { intros x. rewrite in_map_iff. intros (y & <- & Hy').
-   unfold l in *. rewrite in_seq in *. simpl in *.
-   destruct Hy' as (_,Hy'). auto with arith. }
- assert (P' : incl l (map f l)).
- { unfold l.
-   apply NoDup_cardinal_incl; auto using injective_map_NoDup, seq_NoDup.
-   now rewrite map_length. }
- intros x Hx.
- assert (Hx' : In x l) by (unfold l; rewrite in_seq; auto with arith).
- apply P' in Hx'.
- rewrite in_map_iff in Hx'. destruct Hx' as (y & Hy & Hy').
- exists y; split; auto. unfold l in *; rewrite in_seq in Hy'.
- destruct Hy'; auto with arith.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma nat_bijection_Permutation n f :
- injective f -> (forall x, x < n -> f x < n) ->
- let l := seq 0 n in Permutation (map f l) l.
-Proof.
- intros Hf BD.
- apply NoDup_Permutation_bis; auto using injective_map_NoDup, seq_NoDup.
- * now rewrite map_length.
- * intros x. rewrite in_map_iff. intros (y & <- & Hy').
-   rewrite in_seq in *. simpl in *.
-   destruct Hy' as (_,Hy'). auto with arith.
-Qed.
-
-End Injection.
-
-Section Permutation_alt.
-Variable A:Type.
-Implicit Type a : A.
-Implicit Type l : list A.
-
-(** Alternative characterization of permutation
-    via [nth_error] and [nth] *)
-
-Let adapt f n :=
- let m := f (S n) in if le_lt_dec m (f 0) then m else pred m.
-
-Let adapt_injective f : injective f -> injective (adapt f).
-Proof.
- unfold adapt. intros Hf x y EQ.
- destruct le_lt_dec as [LE|LT]; destruct le_lt_dec as [LE'|LT'].
- - now apply eq_add_S, Hf.
- - apply Lt.le_lt_or_eq in LE.
-   destruct LE as [LT|EQ']; [|now apply Hf in EQ'].
-   unfold lt in LT. rewrite EQ in LT.
-   rewrite <- (Lt.S_pred _ _ LT') in LT.
-   elim (Lt.lt_not_le _ _ LT' LT).
- - apply Lt.le_lt_or_eq in LE'.
-   destruct LE' as [LT'|EQ']; [|now apply Hf in EQ'].
-   unfold lt in LT'. rewrite <- EQ in LT'.
-   rewrite <- (Lt.S_pred _ _ LT) in LT'.
-   elim (Lt.lt_not_le _ _ LT LT').
- - apply eq_add_S, Hf.
-   now rewrite (Lt.S_pred _ _ LT), (Lt.S_pred _ _ LT'), EQ.
-Qed.
-
-Let adapt_ok a l1 l2 f : injective f -> length l1 = f 0 ->
- forall n, nth_error (l1++a::l2) (f (S n)) = nth_error (l1++l2) (adapt f n).
-Proof.
- unfold adapt. intros Hf E n.
- destruct le_lt_dec as [LE|LT].
- - apply Lt.le_lt_or_eq in LE.
-   destruct LE as [LT|EQ]; [|now apply Hf in EQ].
-   rewrite <- E in LT.
-   rewrite 2 nth_error_app1; auto.
- - rewrite (Lt.S_pred _ _ LT) at 1.
-   rewrite <- E, (Lt.S_pred _ _ LT) in LT.
-   rewrite 2 nth_error_app2; auto with arith.
-   rewrite <- Minus.minus_Sn_m; auto with arith.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma Permutation_nth_error l l' :
- Permutation l l' <->
-  (length l = length l' /\
-   exists f:nat->nat,
-    injective f /\ forall n, nth_error l' n = nth_error l (f n)).
-Proof.
- split.
- { intros P.
-   split; [now apply Permutation_length|].
-   induction P.
-   - exists (fun n => n).
-     split; try red; auto.
-   - destruct IHP as (f & Hf & Hf').
-     exists (fun n => match n with O => O | S n => S (f n) end).
-     split; try red.
-     * intros [|y] [|z]; simpl; now auto.
-     * intros [|n]; simpl; auto.
-   - exists (fun n => match n with 0 => 1 | 1 => 0 | n => n end).
-     split; try red.
-     * intros [|[|z]] [|[|t]]; simpl; now auto.
-     * intros [|[|n]]; simpl; auto.
-   - destruct IHP1 as (f & Hf & Hf').
-     destruct IHP2 as (g & Hg & Hg').
-     exists (fun n => f (g n)).
-     split; try red.
-     * auto.
-     * intros n. rewrite <- Hf'; auto. }
- { revert l. induction l'.
-   - intros [|l] (E & _); now auto.
-   - intros l (E & f & Hf & Hf').
-     simpl in E.
-     assert (Ha : nth_error l (f 0) = Some a)
-      by (symmetry; apply (Hf' 0)).
-     destruct (nth_error_split l (f 0) Ha) as (l1 & l2 & L12 & L1).
-     rewrite L12. rewrite <- Permutation_middle. constructor.
-     apply IHl'; split; [|exists (adapt f); split].
-     * revert E. rewrite L12, !app_length. simpl.
-       rewrite <- plus_n_Sm. now injection 1.
-     * now apply adapt_injective.
-     * intro n. rewrite <- (adapt_ok a), <- L12; auto.
-       apply (Hf' (S n)). }
-Qed.
-
-Lemma Permutation_nth_error_bis l l' :
- Permutation l l' <->
-  exists f:nat->nat,
-    injective f /\
-    (forall n, n < length l -> f n < length l) /\
-    (forall n, nth_error l' n = nth_error l (f n)).
-Proof.
- rewrite Permutation_nth_error; split.
- - intros (E & f & Hf & Hf').
-   exists f. do 2 (split; trivial).
-   intros n Hn.
-   destruct (Lt.le_or_lt (length l) (f n)) as [LE|LT]; trivial.
-   rewrite <- nth_error_None, <- Hf', nth_error_None, <- E in LE.
-   elim (Lt.lt_not_le _ _ Hn LE).
- - intros (f & Hf & Hf2 & Hf3); split; [|exists f; auto].
-   assert (H : length l' <= length l') by auto with arith.
-   rewrite <- nth_error_None, Hf3, nth_error_None in H.
-   destruct (Lt.le_or_lt (length l) (length l')) as [LE|LT];
-    [|apply Hf2 in LT; elim (Lt.lt_not_le _ _ LT H)].
-   apply Lt.le_lt_or_eq in LE. destruct LE as [LT|EQ]; trivial.
-   rewrite <- nth_error_Some, Hf3, nth_error_Some in LT.
-   destruct (injective_bounded_surjective Hf Hf2 LT) as (y & Hy & Hy').
-   apply Hf in Hy'. subst y. elim (Lt.lt_irrefl _ Hy).
-Qed.
-
-Lemma Permutation_nth l l' d :
- Permutation l l' <->
-  (let n := length l in
-   length l' = n /\
-   exists f:nat->nat,
-    (forall x, x < n -> f x < n) /\
-    (forall x y, x < n -> y < n -> f x = f y -> x = y) /\
-    (forall x, x < n -> nth x l' d = nth (f x) l d)).
-Proof.
- split.
- - intros H.
-   assert (E := Permutation_length H).
-   split; auto.
-   apply Permutation_nth_error_bis in H.
-   destruct H as (f & Hf & Hf2 & Hf3).
-   exists f. split; [|split]; auto.
-   intros n Hn. rewrite <- 2 nth_default_eq. unfold nth_default.
-    now rewrite Hf3.
- - intros (E & f & Hf1 & Hf2 & Hf3).
-   rewrite Permutation_nth_error.
-   split; auto.
-   exists (fun n => if le_lt_dec (length l) n then n else f n).
-   split.
-   * intros x y.
-     destruct le_lt_dec as [LE|LT];
-      destruct le_lt_dec as [LE'|LT']; auto.
-     + apply Hf1 in LT'. intros ->.
-       elim (Lt.lt_irrefl (f y)). eapply Lt.lt_le_trans; eauto.
-     + apply Hf1 in LT. intros <-.
-       elim (Lt.lt_irrefl (f x)). eapply Lt.lt_le_trans; eauto.
-   * intros n.
-     destruct le_lt_dec as [LE|LT].
-     + assert (LE' : length l' <= n) by (now rewrite E).
-       rewrite <- nth_error_None in LE, LE'. congruence.
-     + assert (LT' : n < length l') by (now rewrite E).
-       specialize (Hf3 n LT). rewrite <- 2 nth_default_eq in Hf3.
-       unfold nth_default in Hf3.
-       apply Hf1 in LT.
-       rewrite <- nth_error_Some in LT, LT'.
-       do 2 destruct nth_error; congruence.
-Qed.
-
-End Permutation_alt.
-
-(* begin hide *)
-Notation Permutation_app_swap := Permutation_app_comm (only parsing).
-(* end hide *)

samples/Coq/Sorting.v

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Require Export Sorted.
-Require Export Mergesort.

samples/Coq/Spec.v

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+(** Specifications. *)
+Require Import Coq.Lists.List.
+Require Import Coq.Strings.Ascii.
+Require Import FunctionNinjas.All.
+Require Import ListString.All.
+Require Import Computation.
+
+Import ListNotations.
+Local Open Scope char.
+
+(** A run is an execution of the program with explicit answers for the
+    system calls. *)
+Module Run.
+  (** We define a run by induction on the structure of a computation. *)
+  Inductive t : C.t -> Type :=
+  | Ret : t C.Ret
+  | Call : forall (command : Command.t) (answer : Command.answer command)
+    {handler : Command.answer command -> C.t}, t (handler answer) ->
+    t (C.Call command handler).
+
+  (** The trace of a run. *)
+  Fixpoint trace {x : C.t} (run : t x)
+    : list {command : Command.t & Command.answer command} :=
+    match run with
+    | Ret => []
+    | Call command answer _ run => existT _ command answer :: trace run
+    end.
+End Run.
+
+Module Temporal.
+  Module All.
+    Inductive t (P : Command.t -> Prop) : C.t -> Prop :=
+    | Ret : t P C.Ret
+    | Call : forall (c : Command.t) (h : Command.answer c -> C.t),
+      P c -> (forall a, t P (h a)) ->
+      t P (C.Call c h).
+  End All.
+
+  Module One.
+    Inductive t (P : Command.t -> Prop) : C.t -> Prop :=
+    | CallThis : forall (c : Command.t) (h : Command.answer c -> C.t),
+      P c ->
+      t P (C.Call c h)
+    | CallOther : forall (c : Command.t) (h : Command.answer c -> C.t),
+      (forall a, t P (h a)) ->
+      t P (C.Call c h).
+  End One.
+
+  Module Then.
+    Inductive t (P1 P2 : Command.t -> Prop) : C.t -> Prop :=
+    | Ret : t P1 P2 C.Ret
+    | Call : forall (c : Command.t) (h : Command.answer c -> C.t),
+      (forall a, t P1 P2 (h a)) ->
+      t P1 P2 (C.Call c h)
+    | CallThen : forall (c : Command.t) (h : Command.answer c -> C.t),
+      P1 c -> (forall a, One.t P2 (h a)) ->
+      t P1 P2 (C.Call c h).
+  End Then.
+End Temporal.
+
+Module CardBeforeMoney.
+End CardBeforeMoney.

samples/Coq/interval_discr.v

@@ -1,419 +0,0 @@
-(** Sketch of the proof of {p:nat|p<=n} = {p:nat|p<=m} -> n=m
-
-  - preliminary results on the irrelevance of boundedness proofs
-  - introduce the notion of finite cardinal |A|
-  - prove that |{p:nat|p<=n}| = n
-  - prove that |A| = n /\ |A| = m -> n = m if equality is decidable on A
-  - prove that equality is decidable on A
-  - conclude
-*)
-
-(** * Preliminary results on [nat] and [le] *)
-
-(** Proving axiom K on [nat] *)
-
-Require Import Eqdep_dec.
-Require Import Arith.
-
-Theorem eq_rect_eq_nat :
-  forall (p:nat) (Q:nat->Type) (x:Q p) (h:p=p), x = eq_rect p Q x p h.
-Proof.
-intros.
-apply K_dec_set with (p := h).
-apply eq_nat_dec.
-reflexivity.
-Qed.
-
-(** Proving unicity of proofs of [(n<=m)%nat] *)
-
-Scheme le_ind' := Induction for le Sort Prop.
-
-Theorem le_uniqueness_proof : forall (n m : nat) (p q : n <= m), p = q.
-Proof.
-induction p using le_ind'; intro q.
- replace (le_n n) with
-  (eq_rect _ (fun n0 => n <= n0) (le_n n) _ (refl_equal n)).
- 2:reflexivity.
-  generalize (refl_equal n).
-    pattern n at 2 4 6 10, q; case q; [intro | intros m l e].
-     rewrite <- eq_rect_eq_nat; trivial.
-     contradiction (le_Sn_n m); rewrite <- e; assumption.
- replace (le_S n m p) with
-  (eq_rect _ (fun n0 => n <= n0) (le_S n m p) _ (refl_equal (S m))).
- 2:reflexivity.
-  generalize (refl_equal (S m)).
-    pattern (S m) at 1 3 4 6, q; case q; [intro Heq | intros m0 l HeqS].
-     contradiction (le_Sn_n m); rewrite Heq; assumption.
-     injection HeqS; intro Heq; generalize l HeqS.
-      rewrite <- Heq; intros; rewrite <- eq_rect_eq_nat.
-      rewrite (IHp l0); reflexivity.
-Qed.
-
-(** Proving irrelevance of boundedness proofs while building
-    elements of interval *)
-
-Lemma dep_pair_intro :
-  forall (n x y:nat) (Hx : x<=n) (Hy : y<=n), x=y ->
-    exist (fun x => x <= n) x Hx = exist (fun x => x <= n) y Hy.
-Proof.
-intros n x y Hx Hy Heq.
-generalize Hy.
-rewrite <- Heq.
-intros.
-rewrite (le_uniqueness_proof x n Hx Hy0).
-reflexivity.
-Qed.
-
-(** * Proving that {p:nat|p<=n} = {p:nat|p<=m} -> n=m *)
-
-(** Definition of having finite cardinality [n+1] for a set [A] *)
-
-Definition card (A:Set) n :=
-  exists f,
-    (forall x:A, f x <= n) /\
-    (forall x y:A, f x = f y -> x = y) /\
-    (forall m, m <= n -> exists x:A, f x = m).
-
-Require Import Arith.
-
-(** Showing that the interval [0;n] has cardinality [n+1] *)
-
-Theorem card_interval : forall n, card {x:nat|x<=n} n.
-Proof.
-intro n.
-exists (fun x:{x:nat|x<=n} => proj1_sig x).
-split.
-(* bounded *)
-intro x; apply (proj2_sig x).
-split.
-(* injectivity *)
-intros (p,Hp) (q,Hq).
-simpl.
-intro Hpq.
-apply dep_pair_intro; assumption.
-(* surjectivity *)
-intros m Hmn.
-exists (exist (fun x : nat => x <= n) m Hmn).
-reflexivity.
-Qed.
-
-(** Showing that equality on the interval [0;n] is decidable *)
-
-Lemma interval_dec :
-  forall n (x y : {m:nat|m<=n}), {x=y}+{x<>y}.
-Proof.
-intros n (p,Hp).
-induction p; intros ([|q],Hq).
-left.
-  apply dep_pair_intro.
-  reflexivity.
-right.
-  intro H; discriminate H.
-right.
-  intro H; discriminate H.
-assert (Hp' : p <= n).
-  apply le_Sn_le; assumption.
-assert (Hq' : q <= n).
-  apply le_Sn_le; assumption.
-destruct (IHp Hp' (exist (fun m => m <= n) q Hq'))
-  as [Heq|Hneq].
-left.
-  injection Heq; intro Heq'.
-  apply dep_pair_intro.
-  apply eq_S.
-  assumption.
-right.
-  intro HeqS.
-  injection HeqS; intro Heq.
-  apply Hneq.
-  apply dep_pair_intro.
-  assumption.
-Qed.
-
-(** Showing that the cardinality relation is functional on decidable sets *)
-
-Lemma card_inj_aux :
-  forall (A:Type) f g n,
-    (forall x:A, f x <= 0) ->
-    (forall x y:A, f x = f y -> x = y) ->
-    (forall m, m <= S n -> exists x:A, g x = m)
-     -> False.
-Proof.
-intros A f g n Hfbound Hfinj Hgsurj.
-destruct (Hgsurj (S n) (le_n _)) as (x,Hx).
-destruct (Hgsurj n (le_S _ _ (le_n _))) as (x',Hx').
-assert (Hfx : 0 = f x).
-apply le_n_O_eq.
-apply Hfbound.
-assert (Hfx' : 0 = f x').
-apply le_n_O_eq.
-apply Hfbound.
-assert (x=x').
-apply Hfinj.
-rewrite <- Hfx.
-rewrite <- Hfx'.
-reflexivity.
-rewrite H in Hx.
-rewrite Hx' in Hx.
-apply (n_Sn _ Hx).
-Qed.
-
-(** For [dec_restrict], we use a lemma on the negation of equality
-that requires proof-irrelevance. It should be possible to avoid this
-lemma by generalizing over a first-order definition of [x<>y], say
-[neq] such that [{x=y}+{neq x y}] and [~(x=y /\ neq x y)]; for such
-[neq], unicity of proofs could be proven *)
-
-  Require Import Classical.
-  Lemma neq_dep_intro :
-   forall (A:Set) (z x y:A) (p:x<>z) (q:y<>z), x=y ->
-      exist (fun x => x <> z) x p = exist (fun x => x <> z) y q.
-  Proof.
-  intros A z x y p q Heq.
-   generalize q; clear q; rewrite <- Heq; intro q.
-   rewrite (proof_irrelevance _ p q); reflexivity.
-  Qed.
-
-Lemma dec_restrict :
-  forall (A:Set),
-    (forall x y :A, {x=y}+{x<>y}) ->
-     forall z (x y :{a:A|a<>z}), {x=y}+{x<>y}.
-Proof.
-intros A Hdec z (x,Hx) (y,Hy).
-destruct (Hdec x y) as [Heq|Hneq].
-left; apply neq_dep_intro; assumption.
-right; intro Heq; injection Heq; exact Hneq.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma pred_inj : forall n m,
-  0 <> n -> 0 <> m -> pred m = pred n -> m = n.
-Proof.
-destruct n.
-intros m H; destruct H; reflexivity.
-destruct m.
-intros _ H; destruct H; reflexivity.
-simpl; intros _ _ H.
-rewrite H.
-reflexivity.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma le_neq_lt : forall n m, n <= m -> n<>m -> n < m.
-Proof.
-intros n m Hle Hneq.
-destruct (le_lt_eq_dec n m Hle).
-assumption.
-contradiction.
-Qed.
-
-Lemma inj_restrict :
-  forall (A:Set) (f:A->nat) x y z,
-    (forall x y : A, f x = f y -> x = y)
-    -> x <> z -> f y < f z -> f z <= f x
-    -> pred (f x) = f y
-    -> False.
-
-(* Search error sans le type de f !! *)
-Proof.
-intros A f x y z Hfinj Hneqx Hfy Hfx Heq.
-assert (f z <> f x).
-  apply sym_not_eq.
-  intro Heqf.
-  apply Hneqx.
-  apply Hfinj.
-  assumption.
-assert (f x = S (f y)).
-  assert (0 < f x).
-    apply le_lt_trans with (f z).
-    apply le_O_n.
-    apply le_neq_lt; assumption.
-  apply pred_inj.
-  apply O_S.
-  apply lt_O_neq; assumption.
-  exact Heq.
-assert (f z <= f y).
-destruct (le_lt_or_eq _ _ Hfx).
-  apply lt_n_Sm_le.
-  rewrite <- H0.
-  assumption.
-  contradiction Hneqx.
-  symmetry.
-  apply Hfinj.
-  assumption.
-contradiction (lt_not_le (f y) (f z)).
-Qed.
-
-Theorem card_inj : forall m n (A:Set),
-  (forall x y :A, {x=y}+{x<>y}) ->
-  card A m -> card A n -> m = n.
-Proof.
-induction m; destruct n;
-intros A Hdec
- (f,(Hfbound,(Hfinj,Hfsurj)))
- (g,(Hgbound,(Hginj,Hgsurj))).
-(* 0/0 *)
-reflexivity.
-(* 0/Sm *)
-destruct (card_inj_aux _ _ _ _ Hfbound Hfinj Hgsurj).
-(* Sn/0 *)
-destruct (card_inj_aux _ _ _ _ Hgbound Hginj Hfsurj).
-(* Sn/Sm *)
-destruct (Hgsurj (S n) (le_n _)) as (xSn,HSnx).
-rewrite IHm with (n:=n) (A := {x:A|x<>xSn}).
-reflexivity.
-(* decidability of eq on {x:A|x<>xSm} *)
-apply dec_restrict.
-assumption.
-(* cardinality of {x:A|x<>xSn} is m *)
-pose (f' := fun x' : {x:A|x<>xSn} =>
-    let (x,Hneq) := x' in
-    if le_lt_dec (f xSn) (f x)
-    then pred (f x)
-    else f x).
-exists f'.
-split.
-(* f' is bounded *)
-unfold f'.
-intros (x,_).
-destruct (le_lt_dec (f xSn) (f x)) as [Hle|Hge].
-change m with (pred (S m)).
-apply le_pred.
-apply Hfbound.
-apply le_S_n.
-apply le_trans with (f xSn).
-exact Hge.
-apply Hfbound.
-split.
-(* f' is injective *)
-unfold f'.
-intros (x,Hneqx) (y,Hneqy) Heqf'.
-destruct (le_lt_dec (f xSn) (f x)) as [Hlefx|Hgefx];
-destruct (le_lt_dec (f xSn) (f y)) as [Hlefy|Hgefy].
-(* f xSn <= f x et f xSn <= f y *)
-assert (Heq : x = y).
-  apply Hfinj.
-  assert (f xSn <> f y).
-    apply sym_not_eq.
-    intro Heqf.
-    apply Hneqy.
-    apply Hfinj.
-    assumption.
-  assert (0 < f y).
-    apply le_lt_trans with (f xSn).
-    apply le_O_n.
-    apply le_neq_lt; assumption.
-  assert (f xSn <> f x).
-    apply sym_not_eq.
-    intro Heqf.
-    apply Hneqx.
-    apply Hfinj.
-    assumption.
-  assert (0 < f x).
-    apply le_lt_trans with (f xSn).
-    apply le_O_n.
-    apply le_neq_lt; assumption.
-  apply pred_inj.
-  apply lt_O_neq; assumption.
-  apply lt_O_neq; assumption.
-  assumption.
-apply neq_dep_intro; assumption.
-(* f y < f xSn <= f x *)
-destruct (inj_restrict A f x y xSn); assumption.
-(* f x < f xSn <= f y *)
-symmetry in Heqf'.
-destruct (inj_restrict A f y x xSn); assumption.
-(* f x < f xSn et f y < f xSn *)
-assert (Heq : x=y).
-  apply Hfinj; assumption.
-apply neq_dep_intro; assumption.
-(* f' is surjective *)
-intros p Hlep.
-destruct (le_lt_dec (f xSn) p) as [Hle|Hlt].
-(* case f xSn <= p *)
-destruct (Hfsurj (S p) (le_n_S _ _ Hlep)) as (x,Hx).
-assert (Hneq : x <> xSn).
-  intro Heqx.
-  rewrite Heqx in Hx.
-  rewrite Hx in Hle.
-  apply le_Sn_n with p; assumption.
-exists (exist (fun a => a<>xSn) x Hneq).
-unfold f'.
-destruct (le_lt_dec (f xSn) (f x)) as [Hle'|Hlt'].
-rewrite Hx; reflexivity.
-rewrite Hx in Hlt'.
-contradiction (le_not_lt (f xSn) p).
-apply lt_trans with (S p).
-apply lt_n_Sn.
-assumption.
-(* case p < f xSn *)
-destruct (Hfsurj p (le_S _ _ Hlep)) as (x,Hx).
-assert (Hneq : x <> xSn).
-  intro Heqx.
-  rewrite Heqx in Hx.
-  rewrite Hx in Hlt.
-  apply (lt_irrefl p).
-  assumption.
-exists (exist (fun a => a<>xSn) x Hneq).
-unfold f'.
-destruct (le_lt_dec (f xSn) (f x)) as [Hle'|Hlt'].
-  rewrite Hx in Hle'.
-  contradiction (lt_irrefl p).
-  apply lt_le_trans with (f xSn); assumption.
-  assumption.
-(* cardinality of {x:A|x<>xSn} is n *)
-pose (g' := fun x' : {x:A|x<>xSn} =>
-   let (x,Hneq) := x' in
-   if Hdec x xSn then 0 else g x).
-exists g'.
-split.
-(* g is bounded *)
-unfold g'.
-intros (x,_).
-destruct (Hdec x xSn) as [_|Hneq].
-apply le_O_n.
-assert (Hle_gx:=Hgbound x).
-destruct (le_lt_or_eq _ _ Hle_gx).
-apply lt_n_Sm_le.
-assumption.
-contradiction Hneq.
-apply Hginj.
-rewrite HSnx.
-assumption.
-split.
-(* g is injective *)
-unfold g'.
-intros (x,Hneqx) (y,Hneqy) Heqg'.
-destruct (Hdec x xSn) as [Heqx|_].
-contradiction Hneqx.
-destruct (Hdec y xSn) as [Heqy|_].
-contradiction Hneqy.
-assert (Heq : x=y).
-  apply Hginj; assumption.
-apply neq_dep_intro; assumption.
-(* g is surjective *)
-intros p Hlep.
-destruct (Hgsurj p (le_S _ _ Hlep)) as (x,Hx).
-assert (Hneq : x<>xSn).
-  intro Heq.
-  rewrite Heq in Hx.
-  rewrite Hx in HSnx.
-  rewrite HSnx in Hlep.
-  contradiction (le_Sn_n _ Hlep).
-exists (exist (fun a => a<>xSn) x Hneq).
-simpl.
-destruct (Hdec x xSn) as [Heqx|_].
-contradiction Hneq.
-assumption.
-Qed.
-
-(** Conclusion *)
-
-Theorem interval_discr :
-  forall n m, {p:nat|p<=n} = {p:nat|p<=m} -> n=m.
-Proof.
-intros n m Heq.
-apply card_inj with (A := {p:nat|p<=n}).
-apply interval_dec.
-apply card_interval.
-rewrite Heq.
-apply card_interval.
-Qed.

samples/D/aa.d

@@ -0,0 +1,440 @@
+/**
+ * Implementation of associative arrays.
+ *
+ * Copyright: Martin Nowak 2015 -.
+ * License:   $(LINK2 http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt, Boost License 1.0)
+ * Authors:   Martin Nowak
+ */
+module core.aa;
+
+import core.memory : GC;
+
+private
+{
+    // grow threshold
+    enum GROW_NUM = 4;
+    enum GROW_DEN = 5;
+    // shrink threshold
+    enum SHRINK_NUM = 1;
+    enum SHRINK_DEN = 8;
+    // grow factor
+    enum GROW_FAC = 4;
+    // growing the AA doubles it's size, so the shrink threshold must be
+    // smaller than half the grow threshold to have a hysteresis
+    static assert(GROW_FAC * SHRINK_NUM * GROW_DEN < GROW_NUM * SHRINK_DEN);
+    // initial load factor (for literals), mean of both thresholds
+    enum INIT_NUM = (GROW_DEN * SHRINK_NUM + GROW_NUM * SHRINK_DEN) / 2;
+    enum INIT_DEN = SHRINK_DEN * GROW_DEN;
+
+    // magic hash constants to distinguish empty, deleted, and filled buckets
+    enum HASH_EMPTY = 0;
+    enum HASH_DELETED = 0x1;
+    enum HASH_FILLED_MARK = size_t(1) << 8 * size_t.sizeof - 1;
+}
+
+enum INIT_NUM_BUCKETS = 8;
+
+struct AA(Key, Val)
+{
+    this(size_t sz)
+    {
+        impl = new Impl(nextpow2(sz));
+    }
+
+    @property bool empty() const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+    {
+        return !length;
+    }
+
+    @property size_t length() const pure nothrow @safe @nogc
+    {
+        return impl is null ? 0 : impl.length;
+    }
+
+    void opIndexAssign(Val val, in Key key)
+    {
+        // lazily alloc implementation
+        if (impl is null)
+            impl = new Impl(INIT_NUM_BUCKETS);
+
+        // get hash and bucket for key
+        immutable hash = calcHash(key);
+
+        // found a value => assignment
+        if (auto p = impl.findSlotLookup(hash, key))
+        {
+            p.entry.val = val;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        auto p = findSlotInsert(hash);
+        if (p.deleted)
+            --deleted;
+        // check load factor and possibly grow
+        else if (++used * GROW_DEN > dim * GROW_NUM)
+        {
+            grow();
+            p = findSlotInsert(hash);
+            assert(p.empty);
+        }
+
+        // update search cache and allocate entry
+        firstUsed = min(firstUsed, cast(uint)(p - buckets.ptr));
+        p.hash = hash;
+        p.entry = new Impl.Entry(key, val); // TODO: move
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ref inout(Val) opIndex(in Key key) inout @trusted
+    {
+        auto p = opIn_r(key);
+        assert(p !is null);
+        return *p;
+    }
+
+    inout(Val)* opIn_r(in Key key) inout @trusted
+    {
+        if (empty)
+            return null;
+
+        immutable hash = calcHash(key);
+        if (auto p = findSlotLookup(hash, key))
+            return &p.entry.val;
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    bool remove(in Key key)
+    {
+        if (empty)
+            return false;
+
+        immutable hash = calcHash(key);
+        if (auto p = findSlotLookup(hash, key))
+        {
+            // clear entry
+            p.hash = HASH_DELETED;
+            p.entry = null;
+
+            ++deleted;
+            if (length * SHRINK_DEN < dim * SHRINK_NUM)
+                shrink();
+
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    Val get(in Key key, lazy Val val)
+    {
+        auto p = opIn_r(key);
+        return p is null ? val : *p;
+    }
+
+    ref Val getOrSet(in Key key, lazy Val val)
+    {
+        // lazily alloc implementation
+        if (impl is null)
+            impl = new Impl(INIT_NUM_BUCKETS);
+
+        // get hash and bucket for key
+        immutable hash = calcHash(key);
+
+        // found a value => assignment
+        if (auto p = impl.findSlotLookup(hash, key))
+            return p.entry.val;
+
+        auto p = findSlotInsert(hash);
+        if (p.deleted)
+            --deleted;
+        // check load factor and possibly grow
+        else if (++used * GROW_DEN > dim * GROW_NUM)
+        {
+            grow();
+            p = findSlotInsert(hash);
+            assert(p.empty);
+        }
+
+        // update search cache and allocate entry
+        firstUsed = min(firstUsed, cast(uint)(p - buckets.ptr));
+        p.hash = hash;
+        p.entry = new Impl.Entry(key, val);
+        return p.entry.val;
+    }
+
+    /**
+       Convert the AA to the type of the builtin language AA.
+     */
+    Val[Key] toBuiltinAA() pure nothrow
+    {
+        return cast(Val[Key]) _aaFromCoreAA(impl, rtInterface);
+    }
+
+private:
+
+    private this(inout(Impl)* impl) inout
+    {
+        this.impl = impl;
+    }
+
+    ref Val getLValue(in Key key)
+    {
+        // lazily alloc implementation
+        if (impl is null)
+            impl = new Impl(INIT_NUM_BUCKETS);
+
+        // get hash and bucket for key
+        immutable hash = calcHash(key);
+
+        // found a value => assignment
+        if (auto p = impl.findSlotLookup(hash, key))
+            return p.entry.val;
+
+        auto p = findSlotInsert(hash);
+        if (p.deleted)
+            --deleted;
+        // check load factor and possibly grow
+        else if (++used * GROW_DEN > dim * GROW_NUM)
+        {
+            grow();
+            p = findSlotInsert(hash);
+            assert(p.empty);
+        }
+
+        // update search cache and allocate entry
+        firstUsed = min(firstUsed, cast(uint)(p - buckets.ptr));
+        p.hash = hash;
+        p.entry = new Impl.Entry(key); // TODO: move
+        return p.entry.val;
+    }
+
+    static struct Impl
+    {
+        this(size_t sz)
+        {
+            buckets = allocBuckets(sz);
+        }
+
+        @property size_t length() const pure nothrow @nogc
+        {
+            assert(used >= deleted);
+            return used - deleted;
+        }
+
+        @property size_t dim() const pure nothrow @nogc
+        {
+            return buckets.length;
+        }
+
+        @property size_t mask() const pure nothrow @nogc
+        {
+            return dim - 1;
+        }
+
+        // find the first slot to insert a value with hash
+        inout(Bucket)* findSlotInsert(size_t hash) inout pure nothrow @nogc
+        {
+            for (size_t i = hash & mask, j = 1;; ++j)
+            {
+                if (!buckets[i].filled)
+                    return &buckets[i];
+                i = (i + j) & mask;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // lookup a key
+        inout(Bucket)* findSlotLookup(size_t hash, in Key key) inout
+        {
+            for (size_t i = hash & mask, j = 1;; ++j)
+            {
+                if (buckets[i].hash == hash && key == buckets[i].entry.key)
+                    return &buckets[i];
+                else if (buckets[i].empty)
+                    return null;
+                i = (i + j) & mask;
+            }
+        }
+
+        void grow()
+        {
+            // If there are so many deleted entries, that growing would push us
+            // below the shrink threshold, we just purge deleted entries instead.
+            if (length * SHRINK_DEN < GROW_FAC * dim * SHRINK_NUM)
+                resize(dim);
+            else
+                resize(GROW_FAC * dim);
+        }
+
+        void shrink()
+        {
+            if (dim > INIT_NUM_BUCKETS)
+                resize(dim / GROW_FAC);
+        }
+
+        void resize(size_t ndim) pure nothrow
+        {
+            auto obuckets = buckets;
+            buckets = allocBuckets(ndim);
+
+            foreach (ref b; obuckets)
+                if (b.filled)
+                    *findSlotInsert(b.hash) = b;
+
+            firstUsed = 0;
+            used -= deleted;
+            deleted = 0;
+            GC.free(obuckets.ptr); // safe to free b/c impossible to reference
+        }
+
+        static struct Entry
+        {
+            Key key;
+            Val val;
+        }
+
+        static struct Bucket
+        {
+            size_t hash;
+            Entry* entry;
+
+            @property bool empty() const
+            {
+                return hash == HASH_EMPTY;
+            }
+
+            @property bool deleted() const
+            {
+                return hash == HASH_DELETED;
+            }
+
+            @property bool filled() const
+            {
+                return cast(ptrdiff_t) hash < 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Bucket[] allocBuckets(size_t dim) @trusted pure nothrow
+        {
+            enum attr = GC.BlkAttr.NO_INTERIOR;
+            immutable sz = dim * Bucket.sizeof;
+            return (cast(Bucket*) GC.calloc(sz, attr))[0 .. dim];
+        }
+
+        Bucket[] buckets;
+        uint used;
+        uint deleted;
+        uint firstUsed;
+    }
+
+    RTInterface* rtInterface()() pure nothrow @nogc
+    {
+        static size_t aaLen(in void* pimpl) pure nothrow @nogc
+        {
+            auto aa = const(AA)(cast(const(Impl)*) pimpl);
+            return aa.length;
+        }
+
+        static void* aaGetY(void** pimpl, in void* pkey)
+        {
+            auto aa = AA(cast(Impl*)*pimpl);
+            auto res = &aa.getLValue(*cast(const(Key*)) pkey);
+            *pimpl = aa.impl; // might have changed
+            return res;
+        }
+
+        static inout(void)* aaInX(inout void* pimpl, in void* pkey)
+        {
+            auto aa = inout(AA)(cast(inout(Impl)*) pimpl);
+            return aa.opIn_r(*cast(const(Key*)) pkey);
+        }
+
+        static bool aaDelX(void* pimpl, in void* pkey)
+        {
+            auto aa = AA(cast(Impl*) pimpl);
+            return aa.remove(*cast(const(Key*)) pkey);
+        }
+
+        static immutable vtbl = RTInterface(&aaLen, &aaGetY, &aaInX, &aaDelX);
+        return cast(RTInterface*)&vtbl;
+    }
+
+    static size_t calcHash(in ref Key key)
+    {
+        return hashOf(key) | HASH_FILLED_MARK;
+    }
+
+    Impl* impl;
+    alias impl this;
+}
+
+package extern (C) void* _aaFromCoreAA(void* impl, RTInterface* rtIntf) pure nothrow;
+
+private:
+
+struct RTInterface
+{
+    alias AA = void*;
+
+    size_t function(in AA aa) pure nothrow @nogc len;
+    void* function(AA* aa, in void* pkey) getY;
+    inout(void)* function(inout AA aa, in void* pkey) inX;
+    bool function(AA aa, in void* pkey) delX;
+}
+
+unittest
+{
+    AA!(int, int) aa;
+    assert(aa.length == 0);
+    aa[0] = 1;
+    assert(aa.length == 1 && aa[0] == 1);
+    aa[1] = 2;
+    assert(aa.length == 2 && aa[1] == 2);
+    import core.stdc.stdio;
+
+    int[int] rtaa = aa.toBuiltinAA();
+    assert(rtaa.length == 2);
+    puts("length");
+    assert(rtaa[0] == 1);
+    assert(rtaa[1] == 2);
+    rtaa[2] = 3;
+
+    assert(aa[2] == 3);
+}
+
+unittest
+{
+    auto aa = AA!(int, int)(3);
+    aa[0] = 0;
+    aa[1] = 1;
+    aa[2] = 2;
+    assert(aa.length == 3);
+}
+
+//==============================================================================
+// Helper functions
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+size_t nextpow2(in size_t n) pure nothrow @nogc
+{
+    import core.bitop : bsr;
+
+    if (n < 2)
+        return 1;
+    return size_t(1) << bsr(n - 1) + 1;
+}
+
+pure nothrow @nogc unittest
+{
+    //                            0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,  9
+    foreach (const n, const pow2; [1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 8, 8, 8, 8, 16])
+        assert(nextpow2(n) == pow2);
+}
+
+T min(T)(T a, T b) pure nothrow @nogc
+{
+    return a < b ? a : b;
+}
+
+T max(T)(T a, T b) pure nothrow @nogc
+{
+    return b < a ? a : b;
+}

samples/D/arrayops.d

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+/**
+ * Benchmark for array ops.
+ *
+ * Copyright: Copyright Martin Nowak 2016 -.
+ * License:   $(LINK2 http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt, Boost License 1.0)
+ * Authors:   Martin Nowak
+ */
+import core.cpuid, std.algorithm, std.datetime, std.meta, std.stdio, std.string,
+    std.range;
+
+float[6] getLatencies(T, string op)()
+{
+    enum N = (64 * (1 << 6) + 64) * T.sizeof;
+    auto a = Array!T(N), b = Array!T(N), c = Array!T(N);
+    float[6] latencies = float.max;
+    foreach (i, ref latency; latencies)
+    {
+        auto len = 1 << i;
+        foreach (_; 1 .. 32)
+        {
+            a[] = 24;
+            b[] = 4;
+            c[] = 2;
+            auto sw = StopWatch(AutoStart.yes);
+            foreach (off; size_t(0) .. size_t(64))
+            {
+                off = off * len + off;
+                enum op = op.replace("const", "2").replace("a",
+                        "a[off .. off + len]").replace("b",
+                        "b[off .. off + len]").replace("c", "c[off .. off + len]");
+                mixin(op ~ ";");
+            }
+            latency = min(latency, sw.peek.nsecs);
+        }
+    }
+    float[6] res = latencies[] / 1024;
+    return res;
+}
+
+float[4] getThroughput(T, string op)()
+{
+    enum N = (40 * 1024 * 1024 + 64 * T.sizeof) / T.sizeof;
+    auto a = Array!T(N), b = Array!T(N), c = Array!T(N);
+    float[4] latencies = float.max;
+    size_t[4] lengths = [
+        8 * 1024 / T.sizeof, 32 * 1024 / T.sizeof, 512 * 1024 / T.sizeof, 32 * 1024 * 1024 / T
+        .sizeof
+    ];
+    foreach (i, ref latency; latencies)
+    {
+        auto len = lengths[i] / 64;
+        foreach (_; 1 .. 4)
+        {
+            a[] = 24;
+            b[] = 4;
+            c[] = 2;
+            auto sw = StopWatch(AutoStart.yes);
+            foreach (off; size_t(0) .. size_t(64))
+            {
+                off = off * len + off;
+                enum op = op.replace("const", "2").replace("a",
+                        "a[off .. off + len]").replace("b",
+                        "b[off .. off + len]").replace("c", "c[off .. off + len]");
+                mixin(op ~ ";");
+            }
+            immutable nsecs = sw.peek.nsecs;
+            runMasked({latency = min(latency, nsecs);});
+        }
+    }
+    float[4] throughputs = void;
+    runMasked({throughputs = T.sizeof * lengths[] / latencies[];});
+    return throughputs;
+}
+
+string[] genOps()
+{
+    string[] ops;
+    foreach (op1; ["+", "-", "*", "/"])
+    {
+        ops ~= "a " ~ op1 ~ "= b";
+        ops ~= "a " ~ op1 ~ "= const";
+        foreach (op2; ["+", "-", "*", "/"])
+        {
+            ops ~= "a " ~ op1 ~ "= b " ~ op2 ~ " c";
+            ops ~= "a " ~ op1 ~ "= b " ~ op2 ~ " const";
+        }
+    }
+    return ops;
+}
+
+void runOp(string op)()
+{
+    foreach (T; AliasSeq!(ubyte, ushort, uint, ulong, byte, short, int, long, float,
+            double))
+        writefln("%s, %s, %(%.2f, %), %(%s, %)", T.stringof, op,
+            getLatencies!(T, op), getThroughput!(T, op));
+}
+
+struct Array(T)
+{
+    import core.stdc.stdlib : free, malloc;
+
+    this(size_t n)
+    {
+        ary = (cast(T*) malloc(T.sizeof * n))[0 .. n];
+    }
+
+    ~this()
+    {
+        free(ary.ptr);
+    }
+
+    T[] ary;
+    alias ary this;
+}
+
+version (X86)
+    version = SSE;
+else version (X86_64)
+    version = SSE;
+else
+    static assert(0, "unimplemented");
+
+version (SSE)
+{
+    uint mxcsr()
+    {
+        uint ret = void;
+        asm
+        {
+            stmxcsr ret;
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    void mxcsr(uint val)
+    {
+        asm
+        {
+            ldmxcsr val;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // http://softpixel.com/~cwright/programming/simd/sse.php
+    enum FPU_EXCEPTION_MASKS = 1 << 12 | 1 << 11 | 1 << 10 | 1 << 9 | 1 << 8 | 1 << 7;
+    enum FPU_EXCEPTION_FLAGS = 1 << 5 | 1 << 4 | 1 << 3 | 1 << 2 | 1 << 1 | 1 << 0;
+
+    void maskFPUExceptions()
+    {
+        mxcsr = mxcsr | FPU_EXCEPTION_MASKS;
+    }
+
+    void unmaskFPUExceptions()
+    {
+        mxcsr = mxcsr & ~FPU_EXCEPTION_MASKS;
+    }
+
+    uint FPUExceptionFlags()
+    {
+        return mxcsr & FPU_EXCEPTION_FLAGS;
+    }
+
+    void clearFPUExceptionFlags()
+    {
+        mxcsr = mxcsr & ~FPU_EXCEPTION_FLAGS;
+    }
+}
+
+void runMasked(scope void delegate() dg)
+{
+    assert(FPUExceptionFlags == 0);
+    maskFPUExceptions;
+    dg();
+    clearFPUExceptionFlags;
+    unmaskFPUExceptions;
+}
+
+void main()
+{
+    unmaskFPUExceptions;
+
+    writefln("type, op, %(latency%s, %), %-(throughput%s, %)", iota(6)
+        .map!(i => 1 << i), ["8KB", "32KB", "512KB", "32MB"]);
+    foreach (op; mixin("AliasSeq!(%(%s, %))".format(genOps)))
+        runOp!op;
+    maskFPUExceptions;
+}

samples/D/function.d

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+void foo()
+{
+}

samples/D/hello_world.d

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import std.stdio;
+
+void main()
+{
+    writeln("Hello World");
+}

samples/D/template.d

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+template Fib(size_t N)
+{
+    static if (N < 2)
+        enum Fib = size_t(1);
+    else
+        enum Fib = Fib!(N - 2) + Fib!(N - 1);
+}

samples/D/template_function.d

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+void bar(T)(T t)
+{
+}

samples/D/unittest1.d

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+unittest
+{
+}

samples/D/unittest2.d

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+unittest("optional name")
+{
+}

samples/EBNF/grammar.ebnf

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+(*
+  Source:  https://github.com/sunjay/lion
+  License: MIT
+*)
+
+Statement = ( NamedFunction | AnonymousFunction | Assignment | Expr ) , "\n" ;
+Expr = AnonymousFunction | Term | "(" , Expr , ")" ,
+    { AnonymousFunction | Term | "(" , Expr , ")" } ;
+
+Assignment = Symbol , "=" , Expr ;
+
+AnonymousFunction = "\" , FunctionRHS ;
+NamedFunction = Symbol , FunctionRHS ;
+
+FunctionRHS = FunctionParams , "=" , FunctionBody ;
+FunctionParams = FunctionParam , { FunctionParam } ;
+FunctionParam = Term ;
+FunctionBody = Expr ;
+
+Term = Symbol | Number | SingleWordString ;
+SingleWordString = '"' , Symbol , '"' ;
+(* Symbol is a collection of valid symbol characters, not defined here *)
+(* Number is a valid numeric literal *)
+

samples/EBNF/material.ebnf

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+(*
+  Source:  https://github.com/io7m/jsom0
+  License: ISC
+*)
+
+name =
+  "name" , string , ";" ;
+
+diffuse =
+  "diffuse" , real , real , real , ";" ;
+
+ambient =
+  "ambient" , real , real , real , ";" ;
+
+specular =
+  "specular" , real , real , real , real , ";" ;
+
+shininess =
+  "shininess" , real , ";" ;
+
+alpha =
+  "alpha" , real , ";" ;
+
+mapping =
+  "map_chrome" | "map_uv" ;
+
+texture =
+  "texture" , string , real , mapping , ";" ;
+
+material =
+  "material" , ";" ,
+    name ,
+    diffuse ,
+    ambient ,
+    specular ,
+    shininess ,
+    alpha ,
+    [ texture ] ,
+  "end" , ";" ;
+

samples/EBNF/object.ebnf

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+(*
+  Source:  https://github.com/io7m/jsom0
+  License: ISC
+*)
+
+vertex_p3n3_name =
+  "vertex_p3n3" ;
+
+vertex_p3n3t2_name =
+  "vertex_p3n3t2" ;
+
+vertex_type =
+  vertex_p3n3_name | vertex_p3n3t2_name ;
+
+vertex_position =
+  "position" , real , real , real , ";" ;
+
+vertex_normal =
+  "normal" , real , real , real , ";" ;
+
+vertex_uv =
+  "uv" , real , real , ";" ;
+
+vertex_p3n3 =
+  vertex_p3n3_name , vertex_position , vertex_normal , "end" , ";" ;
+
+vertex_p3n3t2 =
+  vertex_p3n3t2_name , vertex_position , vertex_normal , vertex_uv , "end" , ";" ;
+
+vertex =
+  vertex_p3n3 | vertex_p3n3t2 ;
+
+vertex_array =
+  "array" , positive , vertex_type , { vertex } , "end" , ";" ;
+
+vertices =
+  "vertices" , ";" , vertex_array , "end" , ";" ;
+
+triangle =
+  "triangle" , natural , natural , natural , ";" ;
+
+triangle_array =
+  "array" , positive, "triangle" , { triangle } , "end" , ";" ;
+
+triangles =
+  "triangles" , ";" , triangle_array , "end" , ";" ;
+
+name =
+  "name" , string , ";" ;
+
+material_name =
+  "material_name" , string , ";" ;
+
+object =
+  "object" , ";" ,
+    name ,
+    material_name ,
+    vertices ,
+    triangles ,
+  "end" , ";" ;
+

samples/EBNF/types.ebnf

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+(*
+  Source:  https://github.com/io7m/jsom0
+  License: ISC
+*)
+
+digit_without_zero =
+  "1" | "2" | "3" | "4" | "5" | "6" | "7" | "8" | "9" ;
+
+digit =
+  "0" | digit_without_zero ;
+
+positive =
+  digit_without_zero , { digit } ;
+
+natural =
+  "0" | positive ;
+
+real =
+  [ "-" ] , digit , [ "." , { digit } ] ;
+

samples/Emacs Lisp/filenames/.abbrev_defs

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+(define-abbrev-table 'c-mode-abbrev-table '(
+	))
+(define-abbrev-table 'fundamental-mode-abbrev-table '(
+	("TM" "™" nil 0)
+	("(R)" "®" nil 0)
+	("C=" "€" nil 0)))

samples/Emacs Lisp/filenames/.gnus

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+(setq user-full-name "Alhadis")
+(setq user-mail-address "fake.account@gmail.com")
+
+(auto-image-file-mode)
+(setq mm-inline-large-images t)
+(add-to-list 'mm-attachment-override-types "image/*")
+
+(setq gnus-select-method 
+	  '(nnimap "gmail"
+		(nnimap-address "imap.gmail.com")
+		(nnimap-server-port 777)
+		(nnimap-stream ssl)))
+
+(setq message-send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it
+	  smtpmail-starttls-credentials '(("smtp.gmail.com" 600 nil nil))
+	  smtpmail-auth-credentials '(("smtp.gmail.com" 700 "me@lisp.com" nil))
+	  smtpmail-default-smtp-server "smtp.gmail.com"
+	  smtpmail-smtp-server "smtp.gmail.com"
+	  smtpmail-smtp-service 800
+	  setq gnus-ignored-from-addresses "^from\\.Telstra[ \t\r\n]+Thanks")

samples/Emacs Lisp/filenames/.viper

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+(setq viper-inhibit-startup-message 't)
+(setq viper-expert-level '5)
+
+; Key bindings
+(define-key viper-vi-global-user-map "\C-d" 'end-of-line)
+
+; Return to top of window
+(defun my-viper-return-to-top ()
+  (interactive)
+  (beginning-of-buffer))

samples/Emacs Lisp/filenames/Cask

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+(package "composer" "0.0.7" "Interface to PHP Composer")
+(source "melpa" "https://melpa.org/packages/")
+
+(package-file "composer.el")
+
+(depends-on "f")
+(depends-on "s")
+(depends-on "request")
+(depends-on "seq")

samples/Emacs Lisp/filenames/Project.ede

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+;; Object EDE
+(ede-proj-project "Linguist"
+  :name "Linguist"
+  :version "4.9"
+  :file "Project.ede"
+  :targets (list 
+   (ede-proj-target-elisp-autoloads "autoloads"
+    :name "autoloads"
+    :path "test/samples/Emacs Lisp"
+    :autoload-file "dude.el"
+    )
+   (ede-proj-target-elisp "init"
+    :name "init"
+    :path ""
+    :source '("ede-load.el" "wait-what.el")
+    :compiler 'ede-emacs-preload-compiler
+    :pre-load-packages '("sample-names")
+    )
+   (ede-proj-target-elisp "what"
+    :name "the"
+    :path ""
+    :source '("h.el" "am-i-writing.el")
+    :versionsource '("hell.el")
+    :compiler 'ede-emacs-preload-compiler
+    :aux-packages '("what" "the" "hell-files" "am-i-writing")
+    )
+   )
+  :web-site-url "https://github.com/github/linguist"
+  :web-site-directory "../"
+  :web-site-file "CONTRIBUTING.md"
+  :ftp-upload-site "/ftp@git.hub.com:/madeup"
+  :configuration-variables 'nil
+  :metasubproject 't
+  )

samples/Emacs Lisp/filenames/_emacs

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+;; UTF-8 support
+;; (set-language-environment "UTF-8")
+(setenv "LANG" "en_AU.UTF-8")
+(setenv "LC_ALL" "en_AU.UTF-8")
+(setq default-tab-width 4)
+
+
+;;; Function to load all ".el" files in ~/.emacs.d/config
+(defun load-directory (directory)
+  "Recursively load all Emacs Lisp files in a directory."
+  (dolist (element (directory-files-and-attributes directory nil nil nil))
+    (let* ((path (car element))
+           (fullpath (concat directory "/" path))
+           (isdir (car (cdr element)))
+           (ignore-dir (or (string= path ".") (string= path ".."))))
+      (cond
+       ((and (eq isdir t) (not ignore-dir))
+        (load-directory fullpath))
+       ((and (eq isdir nil) (string= (substring path -3) ".el"))
+        (load (file-name-sans-extension fullpath)))))))
+
+;; Tell Emacs we'd like to use Hunspell for spell-checking
+(setq ispell-program-name (executable-find "hunspell"))
+
+;; Load Homebrew-installed packages
+(let ((default-directory "/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp/"))
+  (normal-top-level-add-subdirs-to-load-path))
+(load "aggressive-indent")
+(add-hook 'emacs-lisp-mode-hook #'aggressive-indent-mode)
+(autoload 'rust-mode "rust-mode" nil t)
+(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.rs\\'" . rust-mode))
+
+;; Load Git-related syntax highlighting
+(add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/lisp/")
+(load "git-modes")
+(load "git-commit")
+
+;; Keybindings
+(global-set-key (kbd "C-u") (lambda ()
+                             (interactive)
+                             (kill-line 0)))
+
+;; Show cursor's current column number
+(setq column-number-mode t)
+
+;; Disable autosave
+(setq auto-save-default nil)
+
+;; Use a single directory for storing backup files
+(setq backup-directory-alist `(("." . "~/.emacs.d/auto-save-list")))
+(setq backup-by-copying t)
+(setq delete-old-versions t
+      kept-new-versions 6
+      kept-old-versions 2
+      version-control t)
+
+(custom-set-variables
+ ;; custom-set-variables was added by Custom.
+ ;; If you edit it by hand, you could mess it up, so be careful.
+ ;; Your init file should contain only one such instance.
+ ;; If there is more than one, they won't work right.
+ '(blink-cursor-mode nil)
+ '(column-number-mode t)
+ '(show-paren-mode t))
+(custom-set-faces
+ ;; custom-set-faces was added by Custom.
+ ;; If you edit it by hand, you could mess it up, so be careful.
+ ;; Your init file should contain only one such instance.
+ ;; If there is more than one, they won't work right.
+ )

samples/Emacs Lisp/filenames/abbrev_defs

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+(define-abbrev-table 'fundamental-mode-abbrev-table '(
+	("cat" "Concatenate" nil 0)
+	("WTF" "World Trade Federation " nil 0)
+	("rtbtm" "Read that back to me" nil 0)))
+
+(define-abbrev-table 'shell-script-mode-abbrev-table '(
+	("brake", "bundle rake exec" nil 0)
+	("pls", "warning: setting Encoding.default_external")))

samples/Erlang/filenames/Emakefile

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{"src/*", [
+   report, 
+   verbose, 
+   {i, "include"}, 
+   {outdir, "ebin"},
+   debug_info 
+]}.

samples/GLSL/SyLens.shader

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+#version 120
+
+/*
+  Original Lens Distortion Algorithm from SSontech (Syntheyes)
+  http://www.ssontech.com/content/lensalg.htm
+  
+  r2 is radius squared.
+  
+  r2 = image_aspect*image_aspect*u*u + v*v
+  f = 1 + r2*(k + kcube*sqrt(r2))
+  u' = f*u
+  v' = f*v
+
+*/
+
+// Controls
+uniform float kCoeff, kCube, uShift, vShift;
+uniform float chroma_red, chroma_green, chroma_blue;
+uniform bool apply_disto;
+
+// Uniform inputs
+uniform sampler2D input1;
+uniform float adsk_input1_w, adsk_input1_h, adsk_input1_aspect, adsk_input1_frameratio;
+uniform float adsk_result_w, adsk_result_h;
+
+float distortion_f(float r) {
+    float f = 1 + (r*r)*(kCoeff + kCube * r);
+    return f;
+}
+
+
+float inverse_f(float r)
+{
+    
+    // Build a lookup table on the radius, as a fixed-size table.
+    // We will use a vec3 since we will store the multipled number in the Z coordinate.
+    // So to recap: x will be the radius, y will be the f(x) distortion, and Z will be x * y;
+    vec3[48] lut;
+    
+    // Since out LUT is shader-global check if it's been computed alrite
+    // Flame has no overflow bbox so we can safely max out at the image edge, plus some cushion
+    float max_r = sqrt((adsk_input1_frameratio * adsk_input1_frameratio) + 1) + 0.1;
+    float incr = max_r / 48;
+    float lut_r = 0;
+    float f;
+    for(int i=0; i < 48; i++) {
+        f = distortion_f(lut_r);
+        lut[i] = vec3(lut_r, f, lut_r * f);
+        lut_r += incr;
+    }
+    
+    float t;
+    // Now find the nehgbouring elements
+    // only iterate to 46 since we will need
+    // 47 as i+1
+    for(int i=0; i < 47; i++) {
+        if(lut[i].z < r && lut[i+1].z > r) {
+            // BAM! our value is between these two segments
+            // get the T interpolant and mix
+            t = (r - lut[i].z) / (lut[i+1].z - lut[i]).z;
+            return mix(lut[i].y, lut[i+1].y, t );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+float aberrate(float f, float chroma)
+{
+   return f + (f * chroma);
+}
+
+vec3 chromaticize_and_invert(float f)
+{
+   vec3 rgb_f = vec3(aberrate(f, chroma_red), aberrate(f, chroma_green), aberrate(f, chroma_blue));
+   // We need to DIVIDE by F when we redistort, and x / y == x * (1 / y)
+   if(apply_disto) {
+      rgb_f = 1 / rgb_f;
+   }
+   return rgb_f;
+}
+
+void main(void)
+{
+   vec2 px, uv;
+   float f = 1;
+   float r = 1;
+   
+   px = gl_FragCoord.xy;
+   
+   // Make sure we are still centered
+   px.x -= (adsk_result_w - adsk_input1_w) / 2;
+   px.y -= (adsk_result_h - adsk_input1_h) / 2;
+   
+   // Push the destination coordinates into the [0..1] range
+   uv.x = px.x / adsk_input1_w;
+   uv.y = px.y / adsk_input1_h;
+   
+       
+   // And to Syntheyes UV which are [1..-1] on both X and Y
+   uv.x = (uv.x *2 ) - 1;
+   uv.y = (uv.y *2 ) - 1;
+   
+   // Add UV shifts
+   uv.x += uShift;
+   uv.y += vShift;
+   
+   // Make the X value the aspect value, so that the X coordinates go to [-aspect..aspect]
+   uv.x = uv.x * adsk_input1_frameratio;
+   
+   // Compute the radius
+   r = sqrt(uv.x*uv.x + uv.y*uv.y);
+   
+   // If we are redistorting, account for the oversize plate in the input, assume that
+   // the input aspect is the same
+   if(apply_disto) {
+       r = r / (float(adsk_input1_w) / float(adsk_result_w));
+   }
+   
+   // Apply or remove disto, per channel honoring chromatic aberration
+   if(apply_disto) {
+      f = inverse_f(r);
+   } else {
+      f = distortion_f(r);
+   }
+   
+   vec2[3] rgb_uvs = vec2[](uv, uv, uv);
+   
+   // Compute distortions per component
+   vec3 rgb_f = chromaticize_and_invert(f);
+   
+   // Apply the disto coefficients, per component
+   rgb_uvs[0] = rgb_uvs[0] * rgb_f.rr;
+   rgb_uvs[1] = rgb_uvs[1] * rgb_f.gg;
+   rgb_uvs[2] = rgb_uvs[2] * rgb_f.bb;
+   
+   // Convert all the UVs back to the texture space, per color component
+   for(int i=0; i < 3; i++) {
+       uv = rgb_uvs[i];
+       
+       // Back from [-aspect..aspect] to [-1..1]
+       uv.x = uv.x / adsk_input1_frameratio;
+       
+       // Remove UV shifts
+       uv.x -= uShift;
+       uv.y -= vShift;
+       
+       // Back to OGL UV
+       uv.x = (uv.x + 1) / 2;
+       uv.y = (uv.y + 1) / 2;
+       
+       rgb_uvs[i] = uv;
+   }
+   
+   // Sample the input plate, per component
+   vec4 sampled;
+   sampled.r = texture2D(input1, rgb_uvs[0]).r;
+   sampled.g = texture2D(input1, rgb_uvs[1]).g;
+   sampled.b = texture2D(input1, rgb_uvs[2]).b;
+   
+   // and assign to the output
+   gl_FragColor.rgba = vec4(sampled.rgb, 1.0 );
+}

samples/GLSL/islandScene.shader

@@ -0,0 +1,630 @@
+//// High quality (Some browsers may freeze or crash)
+//#define HIGHQUALITY
+
+//// Medium quality (Should be fine on all systems, works on Intel HD2000 on Win7 but quite slow)
+//#define MEDIUMQUALITY
+
+//// Defaults
+//#define REFLECTIONS
+#define SHADOWS
+//#define GRASS
+//#define SMALL_WAVES
+#define RAGGED_LEAVES
+//#define DETAILED_NOISE
+//#define LIGHT_AA // 2 sample SSAA
+//#define HEAVY_AA // 2x2 RG SSAA
+//#define TONEMAP
+
+//// Configurations
+#ifdef MEDIUMQUALITY
+	#define SHADOWS
+	#define SMALL_WAVES
+	#define RAGGED_LEAVES
+	#define TONEMAP
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HIGHQUALITY
+	#define REFLECTIONS
+	#define SHADOWS
+	//#define GRASS
+	#define SMALL_WAVES
+	#define RAGGED_LEAVES
+	#define DETAILED_NOISE
+	#define LIGHT_AA
+	#define TONEMAP
+#endif
+
+// Constants
+const float eps = 1e-5;
+const float PI = 3.14159265359;
+
+const vec3 sunDir = vec3(0.79057,-0.47434, 0.0);
+const vec3 skyCol = vec3(0.3, 0.5, 0.8);
+const vec3 sandCol = vec3(0.9, 0.8, 0.5);
+const vec3 treeCol = vec3(0.8, 0.65, 0.3);
+const vec3 grassCol = vec3(0.4, 0.5, 0.18);
+const vec3 leavesCol = vec3(0.3, 0.6, 0.2);
+const vec3 leavesPos = vec3(-5.1,13.4, 0.0);
+
+#ifdef TONEMAP
+const vec3 sunCol = vec3(1.8, 1.7, 1.6);
+#else
+const vec3 sunCol = vec3(0.9, 0.85, 0.8);
+#endif
+
+const float exposure = 1.1; // Only used when tonemapping
+
+// Description : Array and textureless GLSL 2D/3D/4D simplex
+// noise functions.
+// Author : Ian McEwan, Ashima Arts.
+// License : Copyright (C) 2011 Ashima Arts. All rights reserved.
+// Distributed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file.
+// https://github.com/ashima/webgl-noise
+vec3 mod289(vec3 x) {
+  return x - floor(x * (1.0 / 289.0)) * 289.0;
+}
+
+vec4 mod289(vec4 x) {
+  return x - floor(x * (1.0 / 289.0)) * 289.0;
+}
+
+vec4 permute(vec4 x) {
+     return mod289(((x*34.0)+1.0)*x);
+}
+
+vec4 taylorInvSqrt(vec4 r) {
+  return 1.79284291400159 - 0.85373472095314 * r;
+}
+
+float snoise(vec3 v) {
+  const vec2 C = vec2(1.0/6.0, 1.0/3.0) ;
+  const vec4 D = vec4(0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0);
+
+// First corner
+  vec3 i = floor(v + dot(v, C.yyy) );
+  vec3 x0 = v - i + dot(i, C.xxx) ;
+
+// Other corners
+  vec3 g = step(x0.yzx, x0.xyz);
+  vec3 l = 1.0 - g;
+  vec3 i1 = min( g.xyz, l.zxy );
+  vec3 i2 = max( g.xyz, l.zxy );
+
+  // x0 = x0 - 0.0 + 0.0 * C.xxx;
+  // x1 = x0 - i1 + 1.0 * C.xxx;
+  // x2 = x0 - i2 + 2.0 * C.xxx;
+  // x3 = x0 - 1.0 + 3.0 * C.xxx;
+  vec3 x1 = x0 - i1 + C.xxx;
+  vec3 x2 = x0 - i2 + C.yyy; // 2.0*C.x = 1/3 = C.y
+  vec3 x3 = x0 - D.yyy; // -1.0+3.0*C.x = -0.5 = -D.y
+
+// Permutations
+  i = mod289(i);
+  vec4 p = permute( permute( permute(
+             i.z + vec4(0.0, i1.z, i2.z, 1.0 ))
+           + i.y + vec4(0.0, i1.y, i2.y, 1.0 ))
+           + i.x + vec4(0.0, i1.x, i2.x, 1.0 ));
+
+// Gradients: 7x7 points over a square, mapped onto an octahedron.
+// The ring size 17*17 = 289 is close to a multiple of 49 (49*6 = 294)
+  float n_ = 0.142857142857; // 1.0/7.0
+  vec3 ns = n_ * D.wyz - D.xzx;
+
+  vec4 j = p - 49.0 * floor(p * ns.z * ns.z); // mod(p,7*7)
+
+  vec4 x_ = floor(j * ns.z);
+  vec4 y_ = floor(j - 7.0 * x_ ); // mod(j,N)
+
+  vec4 x = x_ *ns.x + ns.yyyy;
+  vec4 y = y_ *ns.x + ns.yyyy;
+  vec4 h = 1.0 - abs(x) - abs(y);
+
+  vec4 b0 = vec4( x.xy, y.xy );
+  vec4 b1 = vec4( x.zw, y.zw );
+
+  //vec4 s0 = vec4(lessThan(b0,0.0))*2.0 - 1.0;
+  //vec4 s1 = vec4(lessThan(b1,0.0))*2.0 - 1.0;
+  vec4 s0 = floor(b0)*2.0 + 1.0;
+  vec4 s1 = floor(b1)*2.0 + 1.0;
+  vec4 sh = -step(h, vec4(0.0));
+
+  vec4 a0 = b0.xzyw + s0.xzyw*sh.xxyy ;
+  vec4 a1 = b1.xzyw + s1.xzyw*sh.zzww ;
+
+  vec3 p0 = vec3(a0.xy,h.x);
+  vec3 p1 = vec3(a0.zw,h.y);
+  vec3 p2 = vec3(a1.xy,h.z);
+  vec3 p3 = vec3(a1.zw,h.w);
+
+//Normalise gradients
+  vec4 norm = taylorInvSqrt(vec4(dot(p0,p0), dot(p1,p1), dot(p2, p2), dot(p3,p3)));
+  p0 *= norm.x;
+  p1 *= norm.y;
+  p2 *= norm.z;
+  p3 *= norm.w;
+
+// Mix final noise value
+  vec4 m = max(0.6 - vec4(dot(x0,x0), dot(x1,x1), dot(x2,x2), dot(x3,x3)), 0.0);
+  m = m * m;
+  return 42.0 * dot( m*m, vec4( dot(p0,x0), dot(p1,x1),
+                                dot(p2,x2), dot(p3,x3) ) );
+}
+
+
+
+// Main
+float fbm(vec3 p)
+{
+	float final = snoise(p); 
+	p *= 1.94; final += snoise(p) * 0.5;
+	#ifdef DETAILED_NOISE
+	p *= 3.75; final += snoise(p) * 0.25;
+	return final / 1.75;
+	#else
+	return final / 1.5;
+	#endif
+}
+
+float waterHeight(vec3 p)
+{
+	float d = length(p.xz);
+	float h = sin(d * 1.5 + iGlobalTime * 3.0) * 12.0 / d; // Island waves
+	#ifdef SMALL_WAVES
+	h += fbm(p*0.5); // Other waves
+	#endif
+	return h;
+}
+
+vec3 bump(vec3 pos, vec3 rayDir)
+{
+	float s = 2.0;
+	
+	// Fade out waves to reduce aliasing
+	float dist = dot(pos, rayDir);
+	s *= dist < 2.0 ? 1.0 : 1.4142 / sqrt(dist);
+	
+	// Calculate normal from heightmap
+	vec2 e = vec2(1e-2, 0.0);
+	vec3 p = vec3(pos.x, iGlobalTime*0.5, pos.z)*0.7;
+	float m = waterHeight(p)*s;
+	return normalize(vec3(
+		waterHeight(p+e.xyy)*s-m,
+		1.0,
+		waterHeight(p+e.yxy)*s-m
+	));
+}
+
+// Ray intersections
+vec4 intersectSphere(vec3 rpos, vec3 rdir, vec3 pos, float rad)
+{
+	vec3 op = pos - rpos;
+	float b = dot(op, rdir); 
+	float det = b*b - dot(op, op) + rad*rad; 
+		
+	if (det > 0.0)
+	{
+		det = sqrt(det);
+		float t = b - det;
+		if (t > eps)
+			return vec4(-normalize(rpos+rdir*t-pos), t);
+	}
+	
+	return vec4(0.0);
+}
+
+vec4 intersectCylinder(vec3 rpos, vec3 rdir, vec3 pos, float rad)
+{
+	vec3 op = pos - rpos;
+	vec2 rdir2 = normalize(rdir.yz);
+	float b = dot(op.yz, rdir2);
+	float det = b*b - dot(op.yz, op.yz) + rad*rad; 
+	
+	if (det > 0.0)
+	{
+		det = sqrt(det);
+		float t = b - det;
+		if (t > eps)
+			return vec4(-normalize(rpos.yz+rdir2*t-pos.yz), 0.0, t);
+		t = b + det;
+		if (t > eps)
+			return vec4(-normalize(rpos.yz+rdir2*t-pos.yz), 0.0, t);
+	}
+	
+	return vec4(0.0);
+}
+
+vec4 intersectPlane(vec3 rayPos, vec3 rayDir, vec3 n, float d)
+{
+	float t = -(dot(rayPos, n) + d) / dot(rayDir, n);
+	return vec4(n * sign(dot(rayDir, n)), t);
+}
+
+// Helper functions
+vec3 rotate(vec3 p, float theta)
+{
+	float c = cos(theta), s = sin(theta);
+	return vec3(p.x * c + p.z * s, p.y,
+				p.z * c - p.x * s);
+}
+
+float impulse(float k, float x) // by iq
+{
+    float h = k*x;
+    return h * exp(1.0 - h);
+}
+
+// Raymarched parts of scene
+float grass(vec3 pos)
+{
+	float h = length(pos - vec3(0.0, -7.0, 0.0)) - 8.0;
+	
+	if (h > 2.0) return h; // Optimization (Avoid noise if too far away)
+	
+	return h + snoise(pos * 3.0) * 0.1 + pos.y * 0.9;
+}
+
+float tree(vec3 pos)
+{
+	pos.y -= 0.5;
+	float s = sin(pos.y*0.03);
+	float c = cos(pos.y*0.03);
+	mat2 m = mat2(c, -s, s, c);
+	vec3 p = vec3(m*pos.xy, pos.z);
+	
+	float width = 1.0 - pos.y * 0.02 - clamp(sin(pos.y * 8.0) * 0.1, 0.05, 0.1);
+	
+	return max(length(p.xz) - width, pos.y - 12.5);
+}
+
+vec2 scene(vec3 pos)
+{
+	float vtree = tree(pos);
+	#ifdef GRASS
+	float vgrass = grass(pos);
+	float v = min(vtree, vgrass);
+	#else
+	float v = vtree;
+	#endif
+	return vec2(v, v == vtree ? 2.0 : 1.0);
+}
+
+vec3 normal(vec3 pos)
+{
+	vec2 eps = vec2(1e-3, 0.0);
+	float h = scene(pos).x;
+	return normalize(vec3(
+		scene(pos-eps.xyy).x-h,
+		scene(pos-eps.yxy).x-h,
+		scene(pos-eps.yyx).x-h
+	));
+}
+
+float plantsShadow(vec3 rayPos, vec3 rayDir)
+{
+	// Soft shadow taken from iq
+	float k = 6.0;
+	float t = 0.0;
+	float s = 1.0;	
+	for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++)
+	{
+		vec3 pos = rayPos+rayDir*t;	
+		vec2 res = scene(pos);		
+		if (res.x < 0.001) return 0.0;
+		s = min(s, k*res.x/t); 
+		t += max(res.x, 0.01);
+	}
+	
+	return s*s*(3.0 - 2.0*s);
+}
+
+// Ray-traced parts of scene
+vec4 intersectWater(vec3 rayPos, vec3 rayDir)
+{
+	float h = sin(20.5 + iGlobalTime * 2.0) * 0.03;
+	float t = -(rayPos.y + 2.5 + h) / rayDir.y;
+	return vec4(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, t);
+}
+
+vec4 intersectSand(vec3 rayPos, vec3 rayDir)
+{
+	return intersectSphere(rayPos, rayDir, vec3(0.0,-24.1,0.0), 24.1);
+}
+
+vec4 intersectTreasure(vec3 rayPos, vec3 rayDir)
+{
+	return vec4(0.0);
+}
+
+vec4 intersectLeaf(vec3 rayPos, vec3 rayDir, float openAmount)
+{	
+	vec3 dir = normalize(vec3(0.0, 1.0, openAmount));
+	float offset = 0.0;
+			
+	vec4 res = intersectPlane(rayPos, rayDir, dir, 0.0);
+	vec3 pos = rayPos+rayDir*res.w;
+	#ifdef RAGGED_LEAVES
+	offset = snoise(pos*0.8) * 0.3;
+	#endif
+	if (pos.y > 0.0 || length(pos * vec3(0.9, 2.0, 1.0)) > 4.0 - offset) res.w = 0.0;
+	
+	vec4 res2 = intersectPlane(rayPos, rayDir, vec3(dir.xy, -dir.z), 0.0);
+	pos = rayPos+rayDir*res2.w;
+	#ifdef RAGGED_LEAVES
+	offset = snoise(pos*0.8) * 0.3;
+	#endif
+	if (pos.y > 0.0 || length(pos * vec3(0.9, 2.0, 1.0)) > 4.0 - offset) res2.w = 0.0;
+	
+	if (res2.w > 0.0 && res2.w < res.w || res.w <= 0.0)
+		res = res2;
+		
+	return res;
+}
+
+vec4 leaves(vec3 rayPos, vec3 rayDir)
+{
+	float t = 1e20;
+	vec3 n = vec3(0.0);
+	
+	rayPos -= leavesPos;
+	
+	float sway = impulse(15.0, fract(iGlobalTime / PI * 0.125));
+	float upDownSway = sway * -sin(iGlobalTime) * 0.06;
+	float openAmount = sway * max(-cos(iGlobalTime) * 0.4, 0.0);
+	
+	float angleOffset = -0.1;	
+	for (float k = 0.0; k < 6.2; k += 0.75)
+	{
+		// Left-right
+		float alpha = k + (k - PI) * sway * 0.015;
+		vec3 p = rotate(rayPos, alpha);
+		vec3 d = rotate(rayDir, alpha);
+		
+		// Up-down
+		angleOffset *= -1.0;
+		float theta = -0.4 + 
+			angleOffset + 
+			cos(k) * 0.35 + 
+			upDownSway + 
+			sin(iGlobalTime+k*10.0) * 0.03 * (sway + 0.2);
+		
+		p = rotate(p.xzy, theta).xzy;
+		d = rotate(d.xzy, theta).xzy;
+	
+		// Shift
+		p -= vec3(5.4, 0.0, 0.0);
+		
+		// Intersect individual leaf
+		vec4 res = intersectLeaf(p, d, 1.0+openAmount);
+		if (res.w > 0.0 && res.w < t)
+		{
+			t = res.w;
+			n = res.xyz;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	return vec4(n, t);
+}
+
+// Lighting
+float shadow(vec3 rayPos, vec3 rayDir)
+{	
+	float s = 1.0;
+	
+	// Intersect sand
+	//vec4 resSand = intersectSand(rayPos, rayDir);
+	//if (resSand.w > 0.0) return 0.0;
+	
+	// Intersect plants
+	s = min(s, plantsShadow(rayPos, rayDir));
+	if (s < 0.0001) return 0.0;
+	
+	// Intersect leaves
+	vec4 resLeaves = leaves(rayPos, rayDir);
+	if (resLeaves.w > 0.0 && resLeaves.w < 1e7) return 0.0;
+	
+	return s;
+}
+
+vec3 light(vec3 p, vec3 n)
+{
+	float s = 1.0;
+	
+	#ifdef SHADOWS
+	s = shadow(p-sunDir*0.01, -sunDir);
+	#endif
+	
+	vec3 col = sunCol * min(max(dot(n, sunDir), 0.0), s);
+	col += skyCol * (-n.y * 0.5 + 0.5) * 0.3;
+	return col;
+}
+
+vec3 lightLeaves(vec3 p, vec3 n)
+{
+	float s = 1.0;
+	
+	#ifdef SHADOWS
+	s = shadow(p-sunDir*0.01, -sunDir);
+	#endif
+	
+	float ao = min(length(p - leavesPos) * 0.1, 1.0);
+	
+	float ns = dot(n, sunDir);
+	float d = sqrt(max(ns, 0.0));
+	vec3 col = sunCol * min(d, s);
+	col += sunCol * max(-ns, 0.0) * vec3(0.3, 0.3, 0.1) * ao;
+	col += skyCol * (-n.y * 0.5 + 0.5) * 0.3 * ao;
+	return col;
+}
+
+vec3 sky(vec3 n)
+{
+	return skyCol * (1.0 - n.y * 0.8);
+}
+
+// Ray-marching
+vec4 plants(vec3 rayPos, vec3 rayDir)
+{
+	float t = 0.0;
+	
+	for (int i = 0; i < 40; i++)
+	{
+		vec3 pos = rayPos+rayDir*t;	
+		vec2 res = scene(pos);
+		float h = res.x;
+		
+		if (h < 0.001)
+		{
+			vec3 col = res.y == 2.0 ? treeCol : grassCol;
+			float uvFact = res.y == 2.0 ? 1.0 : 10.0;
+			
+			vec3 n = normal(pos);
+			vec2 uv = vec2(n.x, pos.y * 0.5) * 0.2 * uvFact;
+			vec3 tex = texture2D(iChannel0, uv).rgb * 0.6 + 0.4;
+			float ao = min(length(pos - leavesPos) * 0.1, 1.0);
+			return vec4(col * light(pos, n) * ao * tex, t);
+		}
+		
+		t += h;
+	}
+	
+	return vec4(sky(rayDir), 1e8);
+}
+
+// Final combination
+vec3 traceReflection(vec3 rayPos, vec3 rayDir)
+{
+	vec3 col = vec3(0.0);
+	float t = 1e20;
+			
+	// Intersect plants
+	vec4 resPlants = plants(rayPos, rayDir);
+	if (resPlants.w > 0.0 && resPlants.w < t)
+	{
+		t = resPlants.w;
+		col = resPlants.xyz;
+	}
+	
+	// Intersect leaves
+	vec4 resLeaves = leaves(rayPos, rayDir);
+	if (resLeaves.w > 0.0 && resLeaves.w < t)
+	{
+		vec3 pos = rayPos + rayDir * resLeaves.w;
+		vec2 uv = (pos.xz - leavesPos.xz) * 0.3;
+		float tex = texture2D(iChannel0, uv).r * 0.6 + 0.5;
+		
+		t = resLeaves.w;
+		col = leavesCol * lightLeaves(pos, resLeaves.xyz) * tex;
+	}
+		
+	if (t > 1e7) return sky(rayDir);
+	
+	return col;
+}
+
+vec3 trace(vec3 rayPos, vec3 rayDir)
+{
+	vec3 col = vec3(0.0);
+	float t = 1e20;
+	
+	// Intersect sand
+	vec4 resSand = intersectSand(rayPos, rayDir);
+	if (resSand.w > 0.0)
+	{
+		vec3 pos = rayPos + rayDir * resSand.w;
+		t = resSand.w;
+
+		col = sandCol * light(pos, resSand.xyz);
+	}
+	
+	// Intersect treasure chest
+	vec4 resTreasure = intersectTreasure(rayPos, rayDir);
+	if (resTreasure.w > 0.0 && resTreasure.w < t)
+	{
+		vec3 pos = rayPos + rayDir * resTreasure.w;
+		t = resTreasure.w;
+		col = leavesCol * light(pos, resTreasure.xyz);
+	}
+	
+	// Intersect leaves
+	vec4 resLeaves = leaves(rayPos, rayDir);
+	if (resLeaves.w > 0.0 && resLeaves.w < t)
+	{
+		vec3 pos = rayPos + rayDir * resLeaves.w;
+		vec2 uv = (pos.xz - leavesPos.xz) * 0.3;
+		float tex = texture2D(iChannel0, uv).r * 0.6 + 0.5;
+		
+		t = resLeaves.w;
+		col = leavesCol * lightLeaves(pos, resLeaves.xyz) * tex;
+	}
+	
+	// Intersect plants
+	vec4 resPlants = plants(rayPos, rayDir);
+	if (resPlants.w > 0.0 && resPlants.w < t)
+	{
+		t = resPlants.w;
+		col = resPlants.xyz;
+	}
+		
+	// Intersect water	
+	vec4 resWater = intersectWater(rayPos, rayDir);
+	if (resWater.w > 0.0 && resWater.w < t)
+	{
+		vec3 pos = rayPos + rayDir * resWater.w;
+		float dist = t - resWater.w;
+		vec3 n = bump(pos, rayDir);
+		
+		float ct = -min(dot(n,rayDir), 0.0);
+		float fresnel = 0.9 - 0.9 * pow(1.0 - ct, 5.0);
+		
+		vec3 trans = col * exp(-dist * vec3(1.0, 0.7, 0.4) * 3.0);
+		vec3 reflDir = normalize(reflect(rayDir, n));
+		vec3 refl = sky(reflDir);
+		
+		#ifdef REFLECTIONS
+		if (dot(pos, rayDir) < -2.0)
+			refl = traceReflection(pos, reflDir).rgb;
+		#endif
+				
+		t = resWater.t;
+		col = mix(refl, trans, fresnel);
+	}
+	
+	if (t > 1e7) return sky(rayDir);
+	
+	return col;
+}
+
+// Ray-generation
+vec3 camera(vec2 px)
+{
+	vec2 rd = (px / iResolution.yy - vec2(iResolution.x/iResolution.y*0.5-0.5, 0.0)) * 2.0 - 1.0;
+	float t = sin(iGlobalTime * 0.1) * 0.2;
+	vec3 rayDir = normalize(vec3(rd.x, rd.y, 1.0));
+	vec3 rayPos = vec3(0.0, 3.0, -18.0);
+	return trace(rayPos, rayDir);
+}
+
+void main(void)
+{
+	#ifdef HEAVY_AA
+		vec3 col = camera(gl_FragCoord.xy+vec2(0.0,0.5))*0.25;
+		col += camera(gl_FragCoord.xy+vec2(0.25,0.0))*0.25;
+		col += camera(gl_FragCoord.xy+vec2(0.5,0.75))*0.25;
+		col += camera(gl_FragCoord.xy+vec2(0.75,0.25))*0.25;
+	#else
+		vec3 col = camera(gl_FragCoord.xy);
+		#ifdef LIGHT_AA
+			col = col * 0.5 + camera(gl_FragCoord.xy+vec2(0.5,0.5))*0.5;
+		#endif
+	#endif
+	
+	#ifdef TONEMAP
+	// Optimized Haarm-Peter Duiker’s curve
+	vec3 x = max(vec3(0.0),col*exposure-0.004);
+	col = (x*(6.2*x+.5))/(x*(6.2*x+1.7)+0.06);
+	#else
+	col = pow(col, vec3(0.4545));
+	#endif
+	
+	gl_FragColor = vec4(col, 1.0);
+}

samples/GN/BUILD.2.gn

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# Copyright 2016 the V8 project authors. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+import("../gni/isolate.gni")
+
+group("gn_all") {
+  testonly = true
+
+  if (v8_test_isolation_mode != "noop") {
+    deps = [
+      ":check-static-initializers_run",
+      ":jsfunfuzz_run",
+      ":run-deopt-fuzzer_run",
+      ":run-gcmole_run",
+      ":run-valgrind_run",
+    ]
+  }
+}
+
+v8_isolate_run("check-static-initializers") {
+  deps = [
+    "..:d8_run",
+  ]
+
+  isolate = "check-static-initializers.isolate"
+}
+
+v8_isolate_run("jsfunfuzz") {
+  deps = [
+    "..:d8_run",
+  ]
+
+  isolate = "jsfunfuzz/jsfunfuzz.isolate"
+}
+
+v8_isolate_run("run-deopt-fuzzer") {
+  deps = [
+    "..:d8_run",
+  ]
+
+  isolate = "run-deopt-fuzzer.isolate"
+}
+
+v8_isolate_run("run-gcmole") {
+  deps = [
+    "..:d8_run",
+  ]
+
+  isolate = "gcmole/run-gcmole.isolate"
+}
+
+v8_isolate_run("run-valgrind") {
+  deps = [
+    "..:d8_run",
+  ]
+
+  isolate = "run-valgrind.isolate"
+}

samples/GN/clang.gni

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Copyright 2014 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+import("//build/toolchain/toolchain.gni")
+
+declare_args() {
+  # Indicates if the build should use the Chrome-specific plugins for enforcing
+  # coding guidelines, etc. Only used when compiling with Clang.
+  clang_use_chrome_plugins = is_clang && !is_nacl && !use_xcode_clang
+
+  clang_base_path = "//third_party/llvm-build/Release+Asserts"
+}

samples/GN/filenames/.gn

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# This file is used by the GN meta build system to find the root of the source
+# tree and to set startup options. For documentation on the values set in this
+# file, run "gn help dotfile" at the command line.
+
+import("//build/dotfile_settings.gni")
+
+# The location of the build configuration file.
+buildconfig = "//build/config/BUILDCONFIG.gn"
+
+# The secondary source root is a parallel directory tree where
+# GN build files are placed when they can not be placed directly
+# in the source tree, e.g. for third party source trees.
+secondary_source = "//build/secondary/"
+
+# These are the targets to check headers for by default. The files in targets
+# matching these patterns (see "gn help label_pattern" for format) will have
+# their includes checked for proper dependencies when you run either
+# "gn check" or "gn gen --check".
+check_targets = []
+
+# These are the list of GN files that run exec_script. This whitelist exists
+# to force additional review for new uses of exec_script, which is strongly
+# discouraged except for gypi_to_gn calls.
+exec_script_whitelist =
+    build_dotfile_settings.exec_script_whitelist + [ "//test/test262/BUILD.gn" ]

samples/GN/gcc_toolchain.gni

@@ -0,0 +1,503 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2013 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+import("//build/config/android/config.gni")
+import("//build/config/clang/clang.gni")
+import("//build/config/nacl/config.gni")
+import("//build/config/sanitizers/sanitizers.gni")
+import("//build/config/v8_target_cpu.gni")
+import("//build/toolchain/cc_wrapper.gni")
+import("//build/toolchain/goma.gni")
+import("//build/toolchain/toolchain.gni")
+
+# This template defines a toolchain for something that works like gcc
+# (including clang).
+#
+# It requires the following variables specifying the executables to run:
+#  - ar
+#  - cc
+#  - cxx
+#  - ld
+#
+# Optional parameters that control the tools:
+#
+#  - extra_cflags
+#      Extra flags to be appended when compiling C files (but not C++ files).
+#  - extra_cppflags
+#      Extra flags to be appended when compiling both C and C++ files. "CPP"
+#      stands for "C PreProcessor" in this context, although it can be
+#      used for non-preprocessor flags as well. Not to be confused with
+#      "CXX" (which follows).
+#  - extra_cxxflags
+#      Extra flags to be appended when compiling C++ files (but not C files).
+#  - extra_ldflags
+#      Extra flags to be appended when linking
+#
+#  - libs_section_prefix
+#  - libs_section_postfix
+#      The contents of these strings, if specified, will be placed around
+#      the libs section of the linker line. It allows one to inject libraries
+#      at the beginning and end for all targets in a toolchain.
+#  - solink_libs_section_prefix
+#  - solink_libs_section_postfix
+#      Same as libs_section_{pre,post}fix except used for solink instead of link.
+#  - link_outputs
+#      The content of this array, if specified, will be added to the list of
+#      outputs from the link command. This can be useful in conjunction with
+#      the post_link parameter.
+#  - post_link
+#      The content of this string, if specified, will be run as a separate
+#      command following the the link command.
+#  - deps
+#      Just forwarded to the toolchain definition.
+#  - executable_extension
+#      If this string is specified it will be used for the file extension
+#      for an executable, rather than using no extension; targets will
+#      still be able to override the extension using the output_extension
+#      variable.
+#  - rebuild_define
+#      The contents of this string, if specified, will be passed as a #define
+#      to the toolchain. It can be used to force recompiles whenever a
+#      toolchain is updated.
+#  - shlib_extension
+#      If this string is specified it will be used for the file extension
+#      for a shared library, rather than default value specified in
+#      toolchain.gni
+#  - strip
+#      Location of the strip executable. When specified, strip will be run on
+#      all shared libraries and executables as they are built. The pre-stripped
+#      artifacts will be put in lib.unstripped/ and exe.unstripped/.
+template("gcc_toolchain") {
+  toolchain(target_name) {
+    assert(defined(invoker.ar), "gcc_toolchain() must specify a \"ar\" value")
+    assert(defined(invoker.cc), "gcc_toolchain() must specify a \"cc\" value")
+    assert(defined(invoker.cxx), "gcc_toolchain() must specify a \"cxx\" value")
+    assert(defined(invoker.ld), "gcc_toolchain() must specify a \"ld\" value")
+
+    # This define changes when the toolchain changes, forcing a rebuild.
+    # Nothing should ever use this define.
+    if (defined(invoker.rebuild_define)) {
+      rebuild_string = "-D" + invoker.rebuild_define + " "
+    } else {
+      rebuild_string = ""
+    }
+
+    # GN's syntax can't handle more than one scope dereference at once, like
+    # "invoker.toolchain_args.foo", so make a temporary to hold the toolchain
+    # args so we can do "invoker_toolchain_args.foo".
+    assert(defined(invoker.toolchain_args),
+           "Toolchains must specify toolchain_args")
+    invoker_toolchain_args = invoker.toolchain_args
+    assert(defined(invoker_toolchain_args.current_cpu),
+           "toolchain_args must specify a current_cpu")
+    assert(defined(invoker_toolchain_args.current_os),
+           "toolchain_args must specify a current_os")
+
+    # When invoking this toolchain not as the default one, these args will be
+    # passed to the build. They are ignored when this is the default toolchain.
+    toolchain_args = {
+      # Populate toolchain args from the invoker.
+      forward_variables_from(invoker_toolchain_args, "*")
+
+      # The host toolchain value computed by the default toolchain's setup
+      # needs to be passed through unchanged to all secondary toolchains to
+      # ensure that it's always the same, regardless of the values that may be
+      # set on those toolchains.
+      host_toolchain = host_toolchain
+
+      if (!defined(invoker_toolchain_args.v8_current_cpu)) {
+        v8_current_cpu = invoker_toolchain_args.current_cpu
+      }
+    }
+
+    # When the invoker has explicitly overridden use_goma or cc_wrapper in the
+    # toolchain args, use those values, otherwise default to the global one.
+    # This works because the only reasonable override that toolchains might
+    # supply for these values are to force-disable them.
+    if (defined(toolchain_args.use_goma)) {
+      toolchain_uses_goma = toolchain_args.use_goma
+    } else {
+      toolchain_uses_goma = use_goma
+    }
+    if (defined(toolchain_args.cc_wrapper)) {
+      toolchain_cc_wrapper = toolchain_args.cc_wrapper
+    } else {
+      toolchain_cc_wrapper = cc_wrapper
+    }
+
+    # Compute the compiler prefix.
+    if (toolchain_uses_goma) {
+      assert(toolchain_cc_wrapper == "",
+             "Goma and cc_wrapper can't be used together.")
+      compiler_prefix = "$goma_dir/gomacc "
+    } else if (toolchain_cc_wrapper != "") {
+      compiler_prefix = toolchain_cc_wrapper + " "
+    } else {
+      compiler_prefix = ""
+    }
+
+    cc = compiler_prefix + invoker.cc
+    cxx = compiler_prefix + invoker.cxx
+    ar = invoker.ar
+    ld = invoker.ld
+    if (defined(invoker.readelf)) {
+      readelf = invoker.readelf
+    } else {
+      readelf = "readelf"
+    }
+    if (defined(invoker.nm)) {
+      nm = invoker.nm
+    } else {
+      nm = "nm"
+    }
+
+    if (defined(invoker.shlib_extension)) {
+      default_shlib_extension = invoker.shlib_extension
+    } else {
+      default_shlib_extension = shlib_extension
+    }
+
+    if (defined(invoker.executable_extension)) {
+      default_executable_extension = invoker.executable_extension
+    } else {
+      default_executable_extension = ""
+    }
+
+    # Bring these into our scope for string interpolation with default values.
+    if (defined(invoker.libs_section_prefix)) {
+      libs_section_prefix = invoker.libs_section_prefix
+    } else {
+      libs_section_prefix = ""
+    }
+
+    if (defined(invoker.libs_section_postfix)) {
+      libs_section_postfix = invoker.libs_section_postfix
+    } else {
+      libs_section_postfix = ""
+    }
+
+    if (defined(invoker.solink_libs_section_prefix)) {
+      solink_libs_section_prefix = invoker.solink_libs_section_prefix
+    } else {
+      solink_libs_section_prefix = ""
+    }
+
+    if (defined(invoker.solink_libs_section_postfix)) {
+      solink_libs_section_postfix = invoker.solink_libs_section_postfix
+    } else {
+      solink_libs_section_postfix = ""
+    }
+
+    if (defined(invoker.extra_cflags) && invoker.extra_cflags != "") {
+      extra_cflags = " " + invoker.extra_cflags
+    } else {
+      extra_cflags = ""
+    }
+
+    if (defined(invoker.extra_cppflags) && invoker.extra_cppflags != "") {
+      extra_cppflags = " " + invoker.extra_cppflags
+    } else {
+      extra_cppflags = ""
+    }
+
+    if (defined(invoker.extra_cxxflags) && invoker.extra_cxxflags != "") {
+      extra_cxxflags = " " + invoker.extra_cxxflags
+    } else {
+      extra_cxxflags = ""
+    }
+
+    if (defined(invoker.extra_ldflags) && invoker.extra_ldflags != "") {
+      extra_ldflags = " " + invoker.extra_ldflags
+    } else {
+      extra_ldflags = ""
+    }
+
+    # These library switches can apply to all tools below.
+    lib_switch = "-l"
+    lib_dir_switch = "-L"
+
+    # Object files go in this directory.
+    object_subdir = "{{target_out_dir}}/{{label_name}}"
+
+    tool("cc") {
+      depfile = "{{output}}.d"
+      command = "$cc -MMD -MF $depfile ${rebuild_string}{{defines}} {{include_dirs}} {{cflags}} {{cflags_c}}${extra_cppflags}${extra_cflags} -c {{source}} -o {{output}}"
+      depsformat = "gcc"
+      description = "CC {{output}}"
+      outputs = [
+        # The whitelist file is also an output, but ninja does not
+        # currently support multiple outputs for tool("cc").
+        "$object_subdir/{{source_name_part}}.o",
+      ]
+      if (enable_resource_whitelist_generation) {
+        compile_wrapper =
+            rebase_path("//build/toolchain/gcc_compile_wrapper.py",
+                        root_build_dir)
+        command = "$python_path \"$compile_wrapper\" --resource-whitelist=\"{{output}}.whitelist\" $command"
+      }
+    }
+
+    tool("cxx") {
+      depfile = "{{output}}.d"
+      command = "$cxx -MMD -MF $depfile ${rebuild_string}{{defines}} {{include_dirs}} {{cflags}} {{cflags_cc}}${extra_cppflags}${extra_cxxflags} -c {{source}} -o {{output}}"
+      depsformat = "gcc"
+      description = "CXX {{output}}"
+      outputs = [
+        # The whitelist file is also an output, but ninja does not
+        # currently support multiple outputs for tool("cxx").
+        "$object_subdir/{{source_name_part}}.o",
+      ]
+      if (enable_resource_whitelist_generation) {
+        compile_wrapper =
+            rebase_path("//build/toolchain/gcc_compile_wrapper.py",
+                        root_build_dir)
+        command = "$python_path \"$compile_wrapper\" --resource-whitelist=\"{{output}}.whitelist\" $command"
+      }
+    }
+
+    tool("asm") {
+      # For GCC we can just use the C compiler to compile assembly.
+      depfile = "{{output}}.d"
+      command = "$cc -MMD -MF $depfile ${rebuild_string}{{defines}} {{include_dirs}} {{asmflags}} -c {{source}} -o {{output}}"
+      depsformat = "gcc"
+      description = "ASM {{output}}"
+      outputs = [
+        "$object_subdir/{{source_name_part}}.o",
+      ]
+    }
+
+    tool("alink") {
+      rspfile = "{{output}}.rsp"
+      whitelist_flag = " "
+      if (enable_resource_whitelist_generation) {
+        whitelist_flag = " --resource-whitelist=\"{{output}}.whitelist\""
+      }
+
+      # This needs a Python script to avoid using simple sh features in this
+      # command, in case the host does not use a POSIX shell (e.g. compiling
+      # POSIX-like toolchains such as NaCl on Windows).
+      ar_wrapper =
+          rebase_path("//build/toolchain/gcc_ar_wrapper.py", root_build_dir)
+      command = "$python_path \"$ar_wrapper\"$whitelist_flag --output={{output}} --ar=\"$ar\" {{arflags}} rcsD @\"$rspfile\""
+      description = "AR {{output}}"
+      rspfile_content = "{{inputs}}"
+      outputs = [
+        "{{output_dir}}/{{target_output_name}}{{output_extension}}",
+      ]
+
+      # Shared libraries go in the target out directory by default so we can
+      # generate different targets with the same name and not have them collide.
+      default_output_dir = "{{target_out_dir}}"
+      default_output_extension = ".a"
+      output_prefix = "lib"
+    }
+
+    tool("solink") {
+      soname = "{{target_output_name}}{{output_extension}}"  # e.g. "libfoo.so".
+      sofile = "{{output_dir}}/$soname"  # Possibly including toolchain dir.
+      rspfile = sofile + ".rsp"
+      pool = "//build/toolchain:link_pool($default_toolchain)"
+      whitelist_flag = " "
+      if (enable_resource_whitelist_generation) {
+        whitelist_file = "$sofile.whitelist"
+        whitelist_flag = " --resource-whitelist=\"$whitelist_file\""
+      }
+
+      if (defined(invoker.strip)) {
+        unstripped_sofile = "{{root_out_dir}}/lib.unstripped/$soname"
+      } else {
+        unstripped_sofile = sofile
+      }
+
+      # These variables are not built into GN but are helpers that
+      # implement (1) linking to produce a .so, (2) extracting the symbols
+      # from that file (3) if the extracted list differs from the existing
+      # .TOC file, overwrite it, otherwise, don't change it.
+      tocfile = sofile + ".TOC"
+
+      link_command = "$ld -shared {{ldflags}}${extra_ldflags} -o \"$unstripped_sofile\" -Wl,-soname=\"$soname\" @\"$rspfile\""
+
+      assert(defined(readelf), "to solink you must have a readelf")
+      assert(defined(nm), "to solink you must have an nm")
+      strip_switch = ""
+      if (defined(invoker.strip)) {
+        strip_switch = "--strip=${invoker.strip}"
+      }
+
+      # This needs a Python script to avoid using a complex shell command
+      # requiring sh control structures, pipelines, and POSIX utilities.
+      # The host might not have a POSIX shell and utilities (e.g. Windows).
+      solink_wrapper = rebase_path("//build/toolchain/gcc_solink_wrapper.py")
+      command = "$python_path \"$solink_wrapper\" --readelf=\"$readelf\" --nm=\"$nm\" $strip_switch --sofile=\"$unstripped_sofile\" --tocfile=\"$tocfile\" --output=\"$sofile\"$whitelist_flag -- $link_command"
+
+      rspfile_content = "-Wl,--whole-archive {{inputs}} {{solibs}} -Wl,--no-whole-archive $solink_libs_section_prefix {{libs}} $solink_libs_section_postfix"
+
+      description = "SOLINK $sofile"
+
+      # Use this for {{output_extension}} expansions unless a target manually
+      # overrides it (in which case {{output_extension}} will be what the target
+      # specifies).
+      default_output_extension = default_shlib_extension
+
+      default_output_dir = "{{root_out_dir}}"
+      if (shlib_subdir != ".") {
+        default_output_dir += "/$shlib_subdir"
+      }
+
+      output_prefix = "lib"
+
+      # Since the above commands only updates the .TOC file when it changes, ask
+      # Ninja to check if the timestamp actually changed to know if downstream
+      # dependencies should be recompiled.
+      restat = true
+
+      # Tell GN about the output files. It will link to the sofile but use the
+      # tocfile for dependency management.
+      outputs = [
+        sofile,
+        tocfile,
+      ]
+      if (enable_resource_whitelist_generation) {
+        outputs += [ whitelist_file ]
+      }
+      if (sofile != unstripped_sofile) {
+        outputs += [ unstripped_sofile ]
+      }
+      link_output = sofile
+      depend_output = tocfile
+    }
+
+    tool("solink_module") {
+      soname = "{{target_output_name}}{{output_extension}}"  # e.g. "libfoo.so".
+      sofile = "{{output_dir}}/$soname"
+      rspfile = sofile + ".rsp"
+      pool = "//build/toolchain:link_pool($default_toolchain)"
+
+      if (defined(invoker.strip)) {
+        unstripped_sofile = "{{root_out_dir}}/lib.unstripped/$soname"
+      } else {
+        unstripped_sofile = sofile
+      }
+
+      command = "$ld -shared {{ldflags}}${extra_ldflags} -o \"$unstripped_sofile\" -Wl,-soname=\"$soname\" @\"$rspfile\""
+
+      if (defined(invoker.strip)) {
+        strip_command = "${invoker.strip} --strip-unneeded -o \"$sofile\" \"$unstripped_sofile\""
+        command += " && " + strip_command
+      }
+      rspfile_content = "-Wl,--whole-archive {{inputs}} {{solibs}} -Wl,--no-whole-archive $solink_libs_section_prefix {{libs}} $solink_libs_section_postfix"
+
+      description = "SOLINK_MODULE $sofile"
+
+      # Use this for {{output_extension}} expansions unless a target manually
+      # overrides it (in which case {{output_extension}} will be what the target
+      # specifies).
+      if (defined(invoker.loadable_module_extension)) {
+        default_output_extension = invoker.loadable_module_extension
+      } else {
+        default_output_extension = default_shlib_extension
+      }
+
+      default_output_dir = "{{root_out_dir}}"
+      if (shlib_subdir != ".") {
+        default_output_dir += "/$shlib_subdir"
+      }
+
+      output_prefix = "lib"
+
+      outputs = [
+        sofile,
+      ]
+      if (sofile != unstripped_sofile) {
+        outputs += [ unstripped_sofile ]
+      }
+    }
+
+    tool("link") {
+      exename = "{{target_output_name}}{{output_extension}}"
+      outfile = "{{output_dir}}/$exename"
+      rspfile = "$outfile.rsp"
+      unstripped_outfile = outfile
+      pool = "//build/toolchain:link_pool($default_toolchain)"
+
+      # Use this for {{output_extension}} expansions unless a target manually
+      # overrides it (in which case {{output_extension}} will be what the target
+      # specifies).
+      default_output_extension = default_executable_extension
+
+      default_output_dir = "{{root_out_dir}}"
+
+      if (defined(invoker.strip)) {
+        unstripped_outfile = "{{root_out_dir}}/exe.unstripped/$exename"
+      }
+
+      command = "$ld {{ldflags}}${extra_ldflags} -o \"$unstripped_outfile\" -Wl,--start-group @\"$rspfile\" {{solibs}} -Wl,--end-group $libs_section_prefix {{libs}} $libs_section_postfix"
+      if (defined(invoker.strip)) {
+        link_wrapper =
+            rebase_path("//build/toolchain/gcc_link_wrapper.py", root_build_dir)
+        command = "$python_path \"$link_wrapper\" --strip=\"${invoker.strip}\" --unstripped-file=\"$unstripped_outfile\" --output=\"$outfile\" -- $command"
+      }
+      description = "LINK $outfile"
+      rspfile_content = "{{inputs}}"
+      outputs = [
+        outfile,
+      ]
+      if (outfile != unstripped_outfile) {
+        outputs += [ unstripped_outfile ]
+      }
+      if (defined(invoker.link_outputs)) {
+        outputs += invoker.link_outputs
+      }
+    }
+
+    # These two are really entirely generic, but have to be repeated in
+    # each toolchain because GN doesn't allow a template to be used here.
+    # See //build/toolchain/toolchain.gni for details.
+    tool("stamp") {
+      command = stamp_command
+      description = stamp_description
+    }
+    tool("copy") {
+      command = copy_command
+      description = copy_description
+    }
+
+    forward_variables_from(invoker, [ "deps" ])
+  }
+}
+
+# This is a shorthand for gcc_toolchain instances based on the Chromium-built
+# version of Clang. Only the toolchain_cpu and toolchain_os variables need to
+# be specified by the invoker, and optionally toolprefix if it's a
+# cross-compile case. Note that for a cross-compile case this toolchain
+# requires a config to pass the appropriate -target option, or else it will
+# actually just be doing a native compile. The invoker can optionally override
+# use_gold too.
+template("clang_toolchain") {
+  if (defined(invoker.toolprefix)) {
+    toolprefix = invoker.toolprefix
+  } else {
+    toolprefix = ""
+  }
+
+  gcc_toolchain(target_name) {
+    prefix = rebase_path("$clang_base_path/bin", root_build_dir)
+    cc = "$prefix/clang"
+    cxx = "$prefix/clang++"
+    ld = cxx
+
+    readelf = "${toolprefix}readelf"
+    ar = "${toolprefix}ar"
+    nm = "${toolprefix}nm"
+
+    forward_variables_from(invoker, [ "strip" ])
+
+    toolchain_args = {
+      if (defined(invoker.toolchain_args)) {
+        forward_variables_from(invoker.toolchain_args, "*")
+      }
+      is_clang = true
+    }
+  }
+}

samples/GN/icu.gn

@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+# Copyright 2016 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+import("//build/config/linux/pkg_config.gni")
+import("//build/shim_headers.gni")
+
+group("icu") {
+  public_deps = [
+    ":icui18n",
+    ":icuuc",
+  ]
+}
+
+config("icu_config") {
+  defines = [
+    "USING_SYSTEM_ICU=1",
+    "ICU_UTIL_DATA_IMPL=ICU_UTIL_DATA_STATIC",
+  ]
+}
+
+pkg_config("system_icui18n") {
+  packages = [ "icu-i18n" ]
+}
+
+pkg_config("system_icuuc") {
+  packages = [ "icu-uc" ]
+}
+
+source_set("icui18n") {
+  deps = [
+    ":icui18n_shim",
+  ]
+  public_configs = [
+    ":icu_config",
+    ":system_icui18n",
+  ]
+}
+
+source_set("icuuc") {
+  deps = [
+    ":icuuc_shim",
+  ]
+  public_configs = [
+    ":icu_config",
+    ":system_icuuc",
+  ]
+}
+
+shim_headers("icui18n_shim") {
+  root_path = "source/i18n"
+  headers = [
+    # This list can easily be updated using the command below:
+    # find third_party/icu/source/i18n/unicode \
+    # -iname '*.h' -printf '"%p",\n' | \
+    # sed -e 's|third_party/icu/i18n/common/||' | sort -u
+    "unicode/alphaindex.h",
+    "unicode/basictz.h",
+    "unicode/calendar.h",
+    "unicode/choicfmt.h",
+    "unicode/coleitr.h",
+    "unicode/coll.h",
+    "unicode/compactdecimalformat.h",
+    "unicode/curramt.h",
+    "unicode/currpinf.h",
+    "unicode/currunit.h",
+    "unicode/datefmt.h",
+    "unicode/dcfmtsym.h",
+    "unicode/decimfmt.h",
+    "unicode/dtfmtsym.h",
+    "unicode/dtitvfmt.h",
+    "unicode/dtitvinf.h",
+    "unicode/dtptngen.h",
+    "unicode/dtrule.h",
+    "unicode/fieldpos.h",
+    "unicode/fmtable.h",
+    "unicode/format.h",
+    "unicode/fpositer.h",
+    "unicode/gender.h",
+    "unicode/gregocal.h",
+    "unicode/locdspnm.h",
+    "unicode/measfmt.h",
+    "unicode/measunit.h",
+    "unicode/measure.h",
+    "unicode/msgfmt.h",
+    "unicode/numfmt.h",
+    "unicode/numsys.h",
+    "unicode/plurfmt.h",
+    "unicode/plurrule.h",
+    "unicode/rbnf.h",
+    "unicode/rbtz.h",
+    "unicode/regex.h",
+    "unicode/region.h",
+    "unicode/reldatefmt.h",
+    "unicode/scientificnumberformatter.h",
+    "unicode/search.h",
+    "unicode/selfmt.h",
+    "unicode/simpletz.h",
+    "unicode/smpdtfmt.h",
+    "unicode/sortkey.h",
+    "unicode/stsearch.h",
+    "unicode/tblcoll.h",
+    "unicode/timezone.h",
+    "unicode/tmunit.h",
+    "unicode/tmutamt.h",
+    "unicode/tmutfmt.h",
+    "unicode/translit.h",
+    "unicode/tzfmt.h",
+    "unicode/tznames.h",
+    "unicode/tzrule.h",
+    "unicode/tztrans.h",
+    "unicode/ucal.h",
+    "unicode/ucol.h",
+    "unicode/ucoleitr.h",
+    "unicode/ucsdet.h",
+    "unicode/ucurr.h",
+    "unicode/udat.h",
+    "unicode/udateintervalformat.h",
+    "unicode/udatpg.h",
+    "unicode/udisplaycontext.h",
+    "unicode/ufieldpositer.h",
+    "unicode/uformattable.h",
+    "unicode/ugender.h",
+    "unicode/uldnames.h",
+    "unicode/ulocdata.h",
+    "unicode/umsg.h",
+    "unicode/unirepl.h",
+    "unicode/unum.h",
+    "unicode/unumsys.h",
+    "unicode/upluralrules.h",
+    "unicode/uregex.h",
+    "unicode/uregion.h",
+    "unicode/usearch.h",
+    "unicode/uspoof.h",
+    "unicode/utmscale.h",
+    "unicode/utrans.h",
+    "unicode/vtzone.h",
+  ]
+}
+
+shim_headers("icuuc_shim") {
+  root_path = "source/common"
+  headers = [
+    # This list can easily be updated using the command below:
+    # find third_party/icu/source/common/unicode \
+    # -iname '*.h' -printf '"%p",\n' | \
+    # sed -e 's|third_party/icu/source/common/||' | sort -u
+    "unicode/appendable.h",
+    "unicode/brkiter.h",
+    "unicode/bytestream.h",
+    "unicode/bytestrie.h",
+    "unicode/bytestriebuilder.h",
+    "unicode/caniter.h",
+    "unicode/chariter.h",
+    "unicode/dbbi.h",
+    "unicode/docmain.h",
+    "unicode/dtintrv.h",
+    "unicode/enumset.h",
+    "unicode/errorcode.h",
+    "unicode/filteredbrk.h",
+    "unicode/icudataver.h",
+    "unicode/icuplug.h",
+    "unicode/idna.h",
+    "unicode/listformatter.h",
+    "unicode/localpointer.h",
+    "unicode/locid.h",
+    "unicode/messagepattern.h",
+    "unicode/normalizer2.h",
+    "unicode/normlzr.h",
+    "unicode/parseerr.h",
+    "unicode/parsepos.h",
+    "unicode/platform.h",
+    "unicode/ptypes.h",
+    "unicode/putil.h",
+    "unicode/rbbi.h",
+    "unicode/rep.h",
+    "unicode/resbund.h",
+    "unicode/schriter.h",
+    "unicode/std_string.h",
+    "unicode/strenum.h",
+    "unicode/stringpiece.h",
+    "unicode/stringtriebuilder.h",
+    "unicode/symtable.h",
+    "unicode/ubidi.h",
+    "unicode/ubrk.h",
+    "unicode/ucasemap.h",
+    "unicode/ucat.h",
+    "unicode/uchar.h",
+    "unicode/ucharstrie.h",
+    "unicode/ucharstriebuilder.h",
+    "unicode/uchriter.h",
+    "unicode/uclean.h",
+    "unicode/ucnv.h",
+    "unicode/ucnv_cb.h",
+    "unicode/ucnv_err.h",
+    "unicode/ucnvsel.h",
+    "unicode/uconfig.h",
+    "unicode/udata.h",
+    "unicode/uenum.h",
+    "unicode/uidna.h",
+    "unicode/uiter.h",
+    "unicode/ulistformatter.h",
+    "unicode/uloc.h",
+    "unicode/umachine.h",
+    "unicode/umisc.h",
+    "unicode/unifilt.h",
+    "unicode/unifunct.h",
+    "unicode/unimatch.h",
+    "unicode/uniset.h",
+    "unicode/unistr.h",
+    "unicode/unorm.h",
+    "unicode/unorm2.h",
+    "unicode/uobject.h",
+    "unicode/urename.h",
+    "unicode/urep.h",
+    "unicode/ures.h",
+    "unicode/uscript.h",
+    "unicode/uset.h",
+    "unicode/usetiter.h",
+    "unicode/ushape.h",
+    "unicode/usprep.h",
+    "unicode/ustring.h",
+    "unicode/ustringtrie.h",
+    "unicode/utext.h",
+    "unicode/utf.h",
+    "unicode/utf16.h",
+    "unicode/utf32.h",
+    "unicode/utf8.h",
+    "unicode/utf_old.h",
+    "unicode/utrace.h",
+    "unicode/utypes.h",
+    "unicode/uvernum.h",
+    "unicode/uversion.h",
+  ]
+}

samples/GN/isolate.gni

@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+# Copyright 2016 the V8 project authors. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+import("//build/config/sanitizers/sanitizers.gni")
+import("//third_party/icu/config.gni")
+import("v8.gni")
+
+declare_args() {
+  # Sets the test isolation mode (noop|prepare|check).
+  v8_test_isolation_mode = "noop"
+}
+
+template("v8_isolate_run") {
+  forward_variables_from(invoker,
+                         "*",
+                         [
+                           "deps",
+                           "isolate",
+                         ])
+
+  # Remember target name as within the action scope the target name will be
+  # different.
+  name = target_name
+
+  assert(defined(invoker.deps))
+  assert(defined(invoker.isolate))
+
+  if (name != "" && v8_test_isolation_mode != "noop") {
+    action(name + "_run") {
+      testonly = true
+
+      deps = invoker.deps
+
+      script = "//tools/isolate_driver.py"
+
+      sources = [
+        invoker.isolate,
+      ]
+
+      inputs = [
+        # Files that are known to be involved in this step.
+        "//tools/swarming_client/isolate.py",
+        "//tools/swarming_client/run_isolated.py",
+      ]
+
+      if (v8_test_isolation_mode == "prepare") {
+        outputs = [
+          "$root_out_dir/$name.isolated.gen.json",
+        ]
+      } else if (v8_test_isolation_mode == "check") {
+        outputs = [
+          "$root_out_dir/$name.isolated",
+          "$root_out_dir/$name.isolated.state",
+        ]
+      }
+
+      # Translate gn to gyp variables.
+      if (is_asan) {
+        asan = "1"
+      } else {
+        asan = "0"
+      }
+      if (is_msan) {
+        msan = "1"
+      } else {
+        msan = "0"
+      }
+      if (is_tsan) {
+        tsan = "1"
+      } else {
+        tsan = "0"
+      }
+      if (is_cfi) {
+        cfi_vptr = "1"
+      } else {
+        cfi_vptr = "0"
+      }
+      if (target_cpu == "x86") {
+        target_arch = "ia32"
+      } else {
+        target_arch = target_cpu
+      }
+      if (is_debug) {
+        configuration_name = "Debug"
+      } else {
+        configuration_name = "Release"
+      }
+      if (is_component_build) {
+        component = "shared_library"
+      } else {
+        component = "static_library"
+      }
+      if (icu_use_data_file) {
+        icu_use_data_file_flag = "1"
+      } else {
+        icu_use_data_file_flag = "0"
+      }
+      if (v8_enable_inspector) {
+        enable_inspector = "1"
+      } else {
+        enable_inspector = "0"
+      }
+      if (v8_use_external_startup_data) {
+        use_external_startup_data = "1"
+      } else {
+        use_external_startup_data = "0"
+      }
+      if (v8_use_snapshot) {
+        use_snapshot = "true"
+      } else {
+        use_snapshot = "false"
+      }
+      if (v8_has_valgrind) {
+        has_valgrind = "1"
+      } else {
+        has_valgrind = "0"
+      }
+      if (v8_gcmole) {
+        gcmole = "1"
+      } else {
+        gcmole = "0"
+      }
+
+      # Note, all paths will be rebased in isolate_driver.py to be relative to
+      # the isolate file.
+      args = [
+        v8_test_isolation_mode,
+        "--isolated",
+        rebase_path("$root_out_dir/$name.isolated", root_build_dir),
+        "--isolate",
+        rebase_path(invoker.isolate, root_build_dir),
+
+        # Path variables are used to replace file paths when loading a .isolate
+        # file
+        "--path-variable",
+        "DEPTH",
+        rebase_path("//", root_build_dir),
+        "--path-variable",
+        "PRODUCT_DIR",
+        rebase_path(root_out_dir, root_build_dir),
+
+        # TODO(machenbach): Set variables for remaining features.
+        "--config-variable",
+        "CONFIGURATION_NAME=$configuration_name",
+        "--config-variable",
+        "OS=$target_os",
+        "--config-variable",
+        "asan=$asan",
+        "--config-variable",
+        "cfi_vptr=$cfi_vptr",
+        "--config-variable",
+        "gcmole=$gcmole",
+        "--config-variable",
+        "has_valgrind=$has_valgrind",
+        "--config-variable",
+        "icu_use_data_file_flag=$icu_use_data_file_flag",
+        "--config-variable",
+        "is_gn=1",
+        "--config-variable",
+        "msan=$msan",
+        "--config-variable",
+        "tsan=$tsan",
+        "--config-variable",
+        "coverage=0",
+        "--config-variable",
+        "sanitizer_coverage=0",
+        "--config-variable",
+        "component=$component",
+        "--config-variable",
+        "target_arch=$target_arch",
+        "--config-variable",
+        "v8_enable_inspector=$enable_inspector",
+        "--config-variable",
+        "v8_use_external_startup_data=$use_external_startup_data",
+        "--config-variable",
+        "v8_use_snapshot=$use_snapshot",
+      ]
+
+      if (is_win) {
+        args += [
+          "--config-variable",
+          "msvs_version=2015",
+        ]
+      } else {
+        args += [
+          "--config-variable",
+          "msvs_version=0",
+        ]
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

samples/Genie/Class.gs

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+init
+	new Demo( "Demonstration class" ).run()
+
+class Demo
+	_message:string = ""
+
+	construct ( message:string = "Optional argument - no message passed in constructor" )
+		_message = message
+
+	def run()
+		print( _message )
+		

samples/Genie/Hello.gs

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+init
+	print( "Hello, World!" )

samples/HCL/main.tf

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+resource "aws_security_group" "elb_sec_group" {
+  description = "Allow traffic from the internet to ELB port 80"
+  vpc_id = "${var.vpc_id}"
+
+  ingress {
+      from_port = 80
+      to_port = 80
+      protocol = "tcp"
+      cidr_blocks = ["${split(",", var.allowed_cidr_blocks)}"]
+  }
+
+  egress {
+      from_port = 0
+      to_port = 0
+      protocol = "-1"
+      cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
+  }
+}
+
+resource "aws_security_group" "dokku_allow_ssh_from_internal" {
+  description = "Allow git access over ssh from the private subnet"
+  vpc_id = "${var.vpc_id}"
+
+  ingress {
+      from_port = 22
+      to_port = 22
+      protocol = "tcp"
+      cidr_blocks = ["${var.private_subnet_cidr}"]
+  }
+
+  egress {
+      from_port = 0
+      to_port = 0
+      protocol = "-1"
+      cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
+  }
+}
+
+resource "aws_security_group" "allow_from_elb_to_instance" {
+  description = "Allow traffic from the ELB to the private instance"
+  vpc_id = "${var.vpc_id}"
+
+  ingress {
+      security_groups = ["${aws_security_group.elb_sec_group.id}"]
+      from_port = 80
+      to_port = 80
+      protocol = "tcp"
+  }
+
+  egress {
+      from_port = 0
+      to_port = 0
+      protocol = "-1"
+      cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
+  }
+}
+
+resource "aws_instance" "dokku" {
+  ami = "ami-47a23a30"
+  instance_type = "${var.instance_type}"
+  associate_public_ip_address = false
+  key_name = "${var.key_name}"
+  subnet_id = "${var.private_subnet_id}"
+  vpc_security_group_ids = [
+    "${var.bastion_sec_group_id}",
+    "${aws_security_group.allow_from_elb_to_instance.id}",
+    "${aws_security_group.dokku_allow_ssh_from_internal.id}"
+  ]
+  tags {
+    Name = "${var.name}"
+  }
+  connection {
+    user = "ubuntu"
+    private_key = "${var.private_key}"
+    bastion_host = "${var.bastion_host}"
+    bastion_port = "${var.bastion_port}"
+    bastion_user = "${var.bastion_user}"
+    bastion_private_key = "${var.bastion_private_key}"
+  }
+  provisioner "file" {
+    source = "${path.module}/../scripts/install-dokku.sh"
+    destination = "/home/ubuntu/install-dokku.sh"
+  }
+  provisioner "remote-exec" {
+    inline = [
+      "chmod +x /home/ubuntu/install-dokku.sh",
+      "HOSTNAME=${var.hostname} /home/ubuntu/install-dokku.sh"
+    ]
+  }
+}
+
+resource "aws_elb" "elb_dokku" {
+  name = "elb-dokku-${var.name}"
+  subnets = ["${var.public_subnet_id}"]
+  security_groups = ["${aws_security_group.elb_sec_group.id}"]
+
+  listener {
+    instance_port = 80
+    instance_protocol = "http"
+    lb_port = 80
+    lb_protocol = "http"
+  }
+
+  health_check {
+    healthy_threshold = 2
+    unhealthy_threshold = 2
+    timeout = 3
+    target = "HTTP:80/"
+    interval = 30
+  }
+
+  instances = ["${aws_instance.dokku.id}"]
+  cross_zone_load_balancing = false
+  idle_timeout = 400
+
+  tags {
+    Name = "elb-dokku-${var.name}"
+  }
+}
+
+resource "aws_route53_record" "dokku-deploy" {
+   zone_id = "${var.zone_id}"
+   name = "deploy.${var.hostname}"
+   type = "A"
+   ttl = "300"
+   records = ["${aws_instance.dokku.private_ip}"]
+}
+
+resource "aws_route53_record" "dokku-wildcard" {
+   zone_id = "${var.zone_id}"
+   name = "*.${var.hostname}"
+   type = "CNAME"
+   ttl = "300"
+   records = ["${aws_elb.elb_dokku.dns_name}"]
+}

samples/HLSL/bloom.cginc

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+// From https://github.com/Unity-Technologies/PostProcessing/blob/master/PostProcessing/Resources/Shaders/Bloom.cginc
+// Licensed under the MIT license
+
+#ifndef __BLOOM__
+#define __BLOOM__
+
+#include "Common.cginc"
+
+// Brightness function
+half Brightness(half3 c)
+{
+    return Max3(c);
+}
+
+// 3-tap median filter
+half3 Median(half3 a, half3 b, half3 c)
+{
+    return a + b + c - min(min(a, b), c) - max(max(a, b), c);
+}
+
+// Downsample with a 4x4 box filter
+half3 DownsampleFilter(sampler2D tex, float2 uv, float2 texelSize)
+{
+    float4 d = texelSize.xyxy * float4(-1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
+
+    half3 s;
+    s = DecodeHDR(tex2D(tex, uv + d.xy));
+    s += DecodeHDR(tex2D(tex, uv + d.zy));
+    s += DecodeHDR(tex2D(tex, uv + d.xw));
+    s += DecodeHDR(tex2D(tex, uv + d.zw));
+
+    return s * (1.0 / 4.0);
+}
+
+// Downsample with a 4x4 box filter + anti-flicker filter
+half3 DownsampleAntiFlickerFilter(sampler2D tex, float2 uv, float2 texelSize)
+{
+    float4 d = texelSize.xyxy * float4(-1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
+
+    half3 s1 = DecodeHDR(tex2D(tex, uv + d.xy));
+    half3 s2 = DecodeHDR(tex2D(tex, uv + d.zy));
+    half3 s3 = DecodeHDR(tex2D(tex, uv + d.xw));
+    half3 s4 = DecodeHDR(tex2D(tex, uv + d.zw));
+
+    // Karis's luma weighted average (using brightness instead of luma)
+    half s1w = 1.0 / (Brightness(s1) + 1.0);
+    half s2w = 1.0 / (Brightness(s2) + 1.0);
+    half s3w = 1.0 / (Brightness(s3) + 1.0);
+    half s4w = 1.0 / (Brightness(s4) + 1.0);
+    half one_div_wsum = 1.0 / (s1w + s2w + s3w + s4w);
+
+    return (s1 * s1w + s2 * s2w + s3 * s3w + s4 * s4w) * one_div_wsum;
+}
+
+half3 UpsampleFilter(sampler2D tex, float2 uv, float2 texelSize, float sampleScale)
+{
+#if MOBILE_OR_CONSOLE
+    // 4-tap bilinear upsampler
+    float4 d = texelSize.xyxy * float4(-1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 1.0) * (sampleScale * 0.5);
+
+    half3 s;
+    s =  DecodeHDR(tex2D(tex, uv + d.xy));
+    s += DecodeHDR(tex2D(tex, uv + d.zy));
+    s += DecodeHDR(tex2D(tex, uv + d.xw));
+    s += DecodeHDR(tex2D(tex, uv + d.zw));
+
+    return s * (1.0 / 4.0);
+#else
+    // 9-tap bilinear upsampler (tent filter)
+    float4 d = texelSize.xyxy * float4(1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 0.0) * sampleScale;
+
+    half3 s;
+    s =  DecodeHDR(tex2D(tex, uv - d.xy));
+    s += DecodeHDR(tex2D(tex, uv - d.wy)) * 2.0;
+    s += DecodeHDR(tex2D(tex, uv - d.zy));
+
+    s += DecodeHDR(tex2D(tex, uv + d.zw)) * 2.0;
+    s += DecodeHDR(tex2D(tex, uv))        * 4.0;
+    s += DecodeHDR(tex2D(tex, uv + d.xw)) * 2.0;
+
+    s += DecodeHDR(tex2D(tex, uv + d.zy));
+    s += DecodeHDR(tex2D(tex, uv + d.wy)) * 2.0;
+    s += DecodeHDR(tex2D(tex, uv + d.xy));
+
+    return s * (1.0 / 16.0);
+#endif
+}
+
+#endif // __BLOOM__

samples/HTML+Django/nunjucks.njk

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+{% from "forms.html" import label as description %}
+
+
+{% macro field(name, value='', type='text') %}
+    <div class="field">
+        <input type="{{ type }}" name="{{ name }}"
+                value="{{ value | escape }}" />
+    </div>
+{% endmacro %}
+
+<html>
+<head>
+    {% extends "head.html" %}
+</head>
+<body>
+{% if horse %}
+    Chuck Norris once kicked a horse in the chin. Its descendants are known today as Giraffes.
+{% elif optimus %}
+    Chuck Norris once urinated in a semi truck's gas tank as a joke....that truck is now known as Optimus Prime.
+{% else %}
+    Chuck Norris threw a grenade and killed 50 people, then the grenade exploded.
+{% endif %}
+
+{% block left %}
+    This is the left side!
+{% endblock %}
+
+{% block right %}
+    This is the right side!
+{% endblock %}
+
+{{ description('Username') }}
+{{ field('user') }}
+{{ field('pass', type='password') }}
+
+<h1>Posts</h1>
+<ul>
+    {% for item in items %}
+        <li>{{ item.title }}</li>
+    {% else %}
+        <li>This would display if the 'item' collection were empty</li>
+    {% endfor %}
+</ul>
+
+{# Don't escape foo #}
+{{ foo | safe }}
+</body>
+</html>

samples/JSON5/filenames/.babelrc

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "presets": [
+    "es2015",
+    "es2016"
+  ]
+}

samples/JavaScript/ccalc-lex.js

@@ -0,0 +1,923 @@
+/* generated by jison-lex 0.3.4-159 */
+var ccalcLex = (function () {
+// See also:
+// http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1382107/whats-a-good-way-to-extend-error-in-javascript/#35881508
+// but we keep the prototype.constructor and prototype.name assignment lines too for compatibility
+// with userland code which might access the derived class in a 'classic' way.
+function JisonLexerError(msg, hash) {
+    Object.defineProperty(this, 'name', {
+        enumerable: false,
+        writable: false,
+        value: 'JisonLexerError'
+    });
+
+    if (msg == null) msg = '???';
+
+    Object.defineProperty(this, 'message', {
+        enumerable: false,
+        writable: true,
+        value: msg
+    });
+
+    this.hash = hash;
+
+    var stacktrace;
+    if (hash && hash.exception instanceof Error) {
+        var ex2 = hash.exception;
+        this.message = ex2.message || msg;
+        stacktrace = ex2.stack;
+    }
+    if (!stacktrace) {
+        if (Error.hasOwnProperty('captureStackTrace')) { // V8
+            Error.captureStackTrace(this, this.constructor);
+        } else {
+            stacktrace = (new Error(msg)).stack;
+        }
+    }
+    if (stacktrace) {
+        Object.defineProperty(this, 'stack', {
+            enumerable: false,
+            writable: false,
+            value: stacktrace
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+if (typeof Object.setPrototypeOf === 'function') {
+    Object.setPrototypeOf(JisonLexerError.prototype, Error.prototype);
+} else {
+    JisonLexerError.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype);
+}
+JisonLexerError.prototype.constructor = JisonLexerError;
+JisonLexerError.prototype.name = 'JisonLexerError';
+
+
+var lexer = {
+    EOF: 1,
+    ERROR: 2,
+
+    // JisonLexerError: JisonLexerError,        // <-- injected by the code generator
+
+    // options: {},                             // <-- injected by the code generator
+
+    // yy: ...,                                 // <-- injected by setInput()
+
+    __currentRuleSet__: null,                   // <-- internal rule set cache for the current lexer state
+
+    __error_infos: [],                          // INTERNAL USE ONLY: the set of lexErrorInfo objects created since the last cleanup
+
+    __decompressed: false,                      // INTERNAL USE ONLY: mark whether the lexer instance has been 'unfolded' completely and is now ready for use
+
+    done: false,                                // INTERNAL USE ONLY
+    _backtrack: false,                          // INTERNAL USE ONLY
+    _input: '',                                 // INTERNAL USE ONLY
+    _more: false,                               // INTERNAL USE ONLY
+    _signaled_error_token: false,               // INTERNAL USE ONLY
+
+    conditionStack: [],                         // INTERNAL USE ONLY; managed via `pushState()`, `popState()`, `topState()` and `stateStackSize()`
+
+    match: '',                                  // READ-ONLY EXTERNAL ACCESS - ADVANCED USE ONLY: tracks input which has been matched so far for the lexer token under construction. `match` is identical to `yytext` except that this one still contains the matched input string after `lexer.performAction()` has been invoked, where userland code MAY have changed/replaced the `yytext` value entirely!
+    matched: '',                                // READ-ONLY EXTERNAL ACCESS - ADVANCED USE ONLY: tracks entire input which has been matched so far
+    matches: false,                             // READ-ONLY EXTERNAL ACCESS - ADVANCED USE ONLY: tracks RE match result for last (successful) match attempt
+    yytext: '',                                 // ADVANCED USE ONLY: tracks input which has been matched so far for the lexer token under construction; this value is transferred to the parser as the 'token value' when the parser consumes the lexer token produced through a call to the `lex()` API.
+    offset: 0,                                  // READ-ONLY EXTERNAL ACCESS - ADVANCED USE ONLY: tracks the 'cursor position' in the input string, i.e. the number of characters matched so far
+    yyleng: 0,                                  // READ-ONLY EXTERNAL ACCESS - ADVANCED USE ONLY: length of matched input for the token under construction (`yytext`)
+    yylineno: 0,                                // READ-ONLY EXTERNAL ACCESS - ADVANCED USE ONLY: 'line number' at which the token under construction is located
+    yylloc: null,                               // READ-ONLY EXTERNAL ACCESS - ADVANCED USE ONLY: tracks location info (lines + columns) for the token under construction
+
+    // INTERNAL USE: construct a suitable error info hash object instance for `parseError`.
+    constructLexErrorInfo: function lexer_constructLexErrorInfo(msg, recoverable) {
+        var pei = {
+            errStr: msg,
+            recoverable: !!recoverable,
+            text: this.match,           // This one MAY be empty; userland code should use the `upcomingInput` API to obtain more text which follows the 'lexer cursor position'...
+            token: null,
+            line: this.yylineno,
+            loc: this.yylloc,
+            yy: this.yy,
+            lexer: this,
+
+            // and make sure the error info doesn't stay due to potential
+            // ref cycle via userland code manipulations.
+            // These would otherwise all be memory leak opportunities!
+            //
+            // Note that only array and object references are nuked as those
+            // constitute the set of elements which can produce a cyclic ref.
+            // The rest of the members is kept intact as they are harmless.
+            destroy: function destructLexErrorInfo() {
+                // remove cyclic references added to error info:
+                // info.yy = null;
+                // info.lexer = null;
+                // ...
+                var rec = !!this.recoverable;
+                for (var key in this) {
+                    if (this.hasOwnProperty(key) && typeof key === 'object') {
+                        this[key] = undefined;
+                    }
+                }
+                this.recoverable = rec;
+            }
+        };
+        // track this instance so we can `destroy()` it once we deem it superfluous and ready for garbage collection!
+        this.__error_infos.push(pei);
+        return pei;
+    },
+
+    parseError: function lexer_parseError(str, hash) {
+        if (this.yy.parser && typeof this.yy.parser.parseError === 'function') {
+            return this.yy.parser.parseError(str, hash) || this.ERROR;
+        } else if (typeof this.yy.parseError === 'function') {
+            return this.yy.parseError.call(this, str, hash) || this.ERROR;
+        } else {
+            throw new this.JisonLexerError(str);
+        }
+    },
+
+    // final cleanup function for when we have completed lexing the input; 
+    // make it an API so that external code can use this one once userland
+    // code has decided it's time to destroy any lingering lexer error
+    // hash object instances and the like: this function helps to clean
+    // up these constructs, which *may* carry cyclic references which would
+    // otherwise prevent the instances from being properly and timely
+    // garbage-collected, i.e. this function helps prevent memory leaks!
+    cleanupAfterLex: function lexer_cleanupAfterLex(do_not_nuke_errorinfos) {
+        var rv;
+
+        // prevent lingering circular references from causing memory leaks:
+        this.setInput('', {});
+
+        // nuke the error hash info instances created during this run.
+        // Userland code must COPY any data/references
+        // in the error hash instance(s) it is more permanently interested in.
+        if (!do_not_nuke_errorinfos) {
+            for (var i = this.__error_infos.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+                var el = this.__error_infos[i];
+                if (el && typeof el.destroy === 'function') {
+                    el.destroy();
+                }
+            }
+            this.__error_infos.length = 0;
+        }
+
+        return this;
+    },
+
+    // clear the lexer token context; intended for internal use only
+    clear: function lexer_clear() {
+        this.yytext = '';
+        this.yyleng = 0;
+        this.match = '';
+        this.matches = false;
+        this._more = false;
+        this._backtrack = false;
+    },
+
+    // resets the lexer, sets new input
+    setInput: function lexer_setInput(input, yy) {
+        this.yy = yy || this.yy || {};
+
+        // also check if we've fully initialized the lexer instance,
+        // including expansion work to be done to go from a loaded
+        // lexer to a usable lexer:
+        if (!this.__decompressed) {
+          // step 1: decompress the regex list:
+          var rules = this.rules;
+          for (var i = 0, len = rules.length; i < len; i++) {
+            var rule_re = rules[i];
+
+            // compression: is the RE an xref to another RE slot in the rules[] table?
+            if (typeof rule_re === 'number') {
+              rules[i] = rules[rule_re];
+            }
+          }
+
+          // step 2: unfold the conditions[] set to make these ready for use:
+          var conditions = this.conditions;
+          for (var k in conditions) {
+            var spec = conditions[k];
+
+            var rule_ids = spec.rules;
+
+            var len = rule_ids.length;
+            var rule_regexes = new Array(len + 1);            // slot 0 is unused; we use a 1-based index approach here to keep the hottest code in `lexer_next()` fast and simple!
+            var rule_new_ids = new Array(len + 1);
+
+            if (this.rules_prefix1) {
+                var rule_prefixes = new Array(65536);
+                var first_catch_all_index = 0;
+
+                for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+                  var idx = rule_ids[i];
+                  var rule_re = rules[idx];
+                  rule_regexes[i + 1] = rule_re;
+                  rule_new_ids[i + 1] = idx;
+
+                  var prefix = this.rules_prefix1[idx];
+                  // compression: is the PREFIX-STRING an xref to another PREFIX-STRING slot in the rules_prefix1[] table?
+                  if (typeof prefix === 'number') {
+                    prefix = this.rules_prefix1[prefix];
+                  }
+                  // init the prefix lookup table: first come, first serve...
+                  if (!prefix) {
+                    if (!first_catch_all_index) {
+                      first_catch_all_index = i + 1;
+                    }
+                  } else {
+                    for (var j = 0, pfxlen = prefix.length; j < pfxlen; j++) {
+                      var pfxch = prefix.charCodeAt(j);
+                      // first come, first serve:
+                      if (!rule_prefixes[pfxch]) {
+                        rule_prefixes[pfxch] = i + 1;
+                      }  
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+
+                // if no catch-all prefix has been encountered yet, it means all
+                // rules have limited prefix sets and it MAY be that particular
+                // input characters won't be recognized by any rule in this 
+                // condition state.
+                // 
+                // To speed up their discovery at run-time while keeping the
+                // remainder of the lexer kernel code very simple (and fast),
+                // we point these to an 'illegal' rule set index *beyond*
+                // the end of the rule set.
+                if (!first_catch_all_index) {
+                  first_catch_all_index = len + 1;
+                }
+
+                for (var i = 0; i < 65536; i++) {
+                  if (!rule_prefixes[i]) {
+                    rule_prefixes[i] = first_catch_all_index; 
+                  }
+                }
+
+                spec.__dispatch_lut = rule_prefixes;
+            } else {
+                for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+                  var idx = rule_ids[i];
+                  var rule_re = rules[idx];
+                  rule_regexes[i + 1] = rule_re;
+                  rule_new_ids[i + 1] = idx;
+                }
+            }
+
+            spec.rules = rule_new_ids;
+            spec.__rule_regexes = rule_regexes;
+            spec.__rule_count = len;
+          }
+
+          this.__decompressed = true;
+        }
+
+        this._input = input || '';
+        this.clear();
+        this._signaled_error_token = false;
+        this.done = false;
+        this.yylineno = 0;
+        this.matched = '';
+        this.conditionStack = ['INITIAL'];
+        this.__currentRuleSet__ = null;
+        this.yylloc = {
+            first_line: 1,
+            first_column: 0,
+            last_line: 1,
+            last_column: 0
+        };
+        if (this.options.ranges) {
+            this.yylloc.range = [0, 0];
+        }
+        this.offset = 0;
+        return this;
+    },
+
+    // consumes and returns one char from the input
+    input: function lexer_input() {
+        if (!this._input) {
+            this.done = true;
+            return null;
+        }
+        var ch = this._input[0];
+        this.yytext += ch;
+        this.yyleng++;
+        this.offset++;
+        this.match += ch;
+        this.matched += ch;
+        // Count the linenumber up when we hit the LF (or a stand-alone CR).
+        // On CRLF, the linenumber is incremented when you fetch the CR or the CRLF combo
+        // and we advance immediately past the LF as well, returning both together as if
+        // it was all a single 'character' only.
+        var slice_len = 1;
+        var lines = false;
+        if (ch === '\n') {
+            lines = true;
+        } else if (ch === '\r') {
+            lines = true;
+            var ch2 = this._input[1];
+            if (ch2 === '\n') {
+                slice_len++;
+                ch += ch2;
+                this.yytext += ch2;
+                this.yyleng++;
+                this.offset++;
+                this.match += ch2;
+                this.matched += ch2;
+                if (this.options.ranges) {
+                    this.yylloc.range[1]++;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (lines) {
+            this.yylineno++;
+            this.yylloc.last_line++;
+        } else {
+            this.yylloc.last_column++;
+        }
+        if (this.options.ranges) {
+            this.yylloc.range[1]++;
+        }
+
+        this._input = this._input.slice(slice_len);
+        return ch;
+    },
+
+    // unshifts one char (or a string) into the input
+    unput: function lexer_unput(ch) {
+        var len = ch.length;
+        var lines = ch.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g);
+
+        this._input = ch + this._input;
+        this.yytext = this.yytext.substr(0, this.yytext.length - len);
+        //this.yyleng -= len;
+        this.offset -= len;
+        var oldLines = this.match.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g);
+        this.match = this.match.substr(0, this.match.length - len);
+        this.matched = this.matched.substr(0, this.matched.length - len);
+
+        if (lines.length - 1) {
+            this.yylineno -= lines.length - 1;
+        }
+
+        this.yylloc.last_line = this.yylineno + 1;
+        this.yylloc.last_column = (lines ?
+                (lines.length === oldLines.length ? this.yylloc.first_column : 0)
+                + oldLines[oldLines.length - lines.length].length - lines[0].length :
+                this.yylloc.first_column - len);
+
+        if (this.options.ranges) {
+            this.yylloc.range[1] = this.yylloc.range[0] + this.yyleng - len;
+        }
+        this.yyleng = this.yytext.length;
+        this.done = false;
+        return this;
+    },
+
+    // When called from action, caches matched text and appends it on next action
+    more: function lexer_more() {
+        this._more = true;
+        return this;
+    },
+
+    // When called from action, signals the lexer that this rule fails to match the input, so the next matching rule (regex) should be tested instead.
+    reject: function lexer_reject() {
+        if (this.options.backtrack_lexer) {
+            this._backtrack = true;
+        } else {
+            // when the parseError() call returns, we MUST ensure that the error is registered.
+            // We accomplish this by signaling an 'error' token to be produced for the current
+            // .lex() run.
+            var p = this.constructLexErrorInfo('Lexical error on line ' + (this.yylineno + 1) + '. You can only invoke reject() in the lexer when the lexer is of the backtracking persuasion (options.backtrack_lexer = true).\n' + this.showPosition(), false);
+            this._signaled_error_token = (this.parseError(p.errStr, p) || this.ERROR);
+        }
+        return this;
+    },
+
+    // retain first n characters of the match
+    less: function lexer_less(n) {
+        return this.unput(this.match.slice(n));
+    },
+
+    // return (part of the) already matched input, i.e. for error messages.
+    // Limit the returned string length to `maxSize` (default: 20).
+    // Limit the returned string to the `maxLines` number of lines of input (default: 1).
+    // Negative limit values equal *unlimited*.
+    pastInput: function lexer_pastInput(maxSize, maxLines) {
+        var past = this.matched.substring(0, this.matched.length - this.match.length);
+        if (maxSize < 0)
+            maxSize = past.length;
+        else if (!maxSize)
+            maxSize = 20;
+        if (maxLines < 0)
+            maxLines = past.length;         // can't ever have more input lines than this!
+        else if (!maxLines)
+            maxLines = 1;
+        // `substr` anticipation: treat \r\n as a single character and take a little
+        // more than necessary so that we can still properly check against maxSize
+        // after we've transformed and limited the newLines in here:
+        past = past.substr(-maxSize * 2 - 2);
+        // now that we have a significantly reduced string to process, transform the newlines
+        // and chop them, then limit them:
+        var a = past.replace(/\r\n|\r/g, '\n').split('\n');
+        a = a.slice(-maxLines);
+        past = a.join('\n');
+        // When, after limiting to maxLines, we still have too much to return, 
+        // do add an ellipsis prefix...
+        if (past.length > maxSize) {
+            past = '...' + past.substr(-maxSize);
+        }
+        return past;
+    },
+
+    // return (part of the) upcoming input, i.e. for error messages.
+    // Limit the returned string length to `maxSize` (default: 20).
+    // Limit the returned string to the `maxLines` number of lines of input (default: 1).
+    // Negative limit values equal *unlimited*.
+    upcomingInput: function lexer_upcomingInput(maxSize, maxLines) {
+        var next = this.match;
+        if (maxSize < 0)
+            maxSize = next.length + this._input.length;
+        else if (!maxSize)
+            maxSize = 20;
+        if (maxLines < 0)
+            maxLines = maxSize;         // can't ever have more input lines than this!
+        else if (!maxLines)
+            maxLines = 1;
+        // `substring` anticipation: treat \r\n as a single character and take a little
+        // more than necessary so that we can still properly check against maxSize
+        // after we've transformed and limited the newLines in here:
+        if (next.length < maxSize * 2 + 2) {
+            next += this._input.substring(0, maxSize * 2 + 2);  // substring is faster on Chrome/V8
+        }
+        // now that we have a significantly reduced string to process, transform the newlines
+        // and chop them, then limit them:
+        var a = next.replace(/\r\n|\r/g, '\n').split('\n');
+        a = a.slice(0, maxLines);
+        next = a.join('\n');
+        // When, after limiting to maxLines, we still have too much to return, 
+        // do add an ellipsis postfix...
+        if (next.length > maxSize) {
+            next = next.substring(0, maxSize) + '...';
+        }
+        return next;
+    },
+
+    // return a string which displays the character position where the lexing error occurred, i.e. for error messages
+    showPosition: function lexer_showPosition(maxPrefix, maxPostfix) {
+        var pre = this.pastInput(maxPrefix).replace(/\s/g, ' ');
+        var c = new Array(pre.length + 1).join('-');
+        return pre + this.upcomingInput(maxPostfix).replace(/\s/g, ' ') + '\n' + c + '^';
+    },
+
+    // helper function, used to produce a human readable description as a string, given
+    // the input `yylloc` location object. 
+    // Set `display_range_too` to TRUE to include the string character index position(s)
+    // in the description if the `yylloc.range` is available. 
+    describeYYLLOC: function lexer_describe_yylloc(yylloc, display_range_too) {
+        var l1 = yylloc.first_line;
+        var l2 = yylloc.last_line;
+        var o1 = yylloc.first_column;
+        var o2 = yylloc.last_column - 1;
+        var dl = l2 - l1;
+        var d_o = (dl === 0 ? o2 - o1 : 1000);
+        var rv;
+        if (dl === 0) {
+            rv = 'line ' + l1 + ', ';
+            if (d_o === 0) {
+                rv += 'column ' + o1;
+            } else {
+                rv += 'columns ' + o1 + ' .. ' + o2;
+            }
+        } else {
+            rv = 'lines ' + l1 + '(column ' + o1 + ') .. ' + l2 + '(column ' + o2 + ')';
+        }
+        if (yylloc.range && display_range_too) {
+            var r1 = yylloc.range[0];
+            var r2 = yylloc.range[1] - 1;
+            if (r2 === r1) {
+                rv += ' {String Offset: ' + r1 + '}';
+            } else {
+                rv += ' {String Offset range: ' + r1 + ' .. ' + r2 + '}';
+            }
+        }
+        return rv;
+        // return JSON.stringify(yylloc);
+    },
+
+    // test the lexed token: return FALSE when not a match, otherwise return token.
+    //
+    // `match` is supposed to be an array coming out of a regex match, i.e. `match[0]`
+    // contains the actually matched text string.
+    //
+    // Also move the input cursor forward and update the match collectors:
+    // - yytext
+    // - yyleng
+    // - match
+    // - matches
+    // - yylloc
+    // - offset
+    test_match: function lexer_test_match(match, indexed_rule) {
+        var token,
+            lines,
+            backup,
+            match_str;
+
+        if (this.options.backtrack_lexer) {
+            // save context
+            backup = {
+                yylineno: this.yylineno,
+                yylloc: {
+                    first_line: this.yylloc.first_line,
+                    last_line: this.last_line,
+                    first_column: this.yylloc.first_column,
+                    last_column: this.yylloc.last_column
+                },
+                yytext: this.yytext,
+                match: this.match,
+                matches: this.matches,
+                matched: this.matched,
+                yyleng: this.yyleng,
+                offset: this.offset,
+                _more: this._more,
+                _input: this._input,
+                yy: this.yy,
+                conditionStack: this.conditionStack.slice(0),
+                done: this.done
+            };
+            if (this.options.ranges) {
+                backup.yylloc.range = this.yylloc.range.slice(0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        match_str = match[0];
+        lines = match_str.match(/(?:\r\n?|\n).*/g);
+        if (lines) {
+            this.yylineno += lines.length;
+        }
+        this.yylloc = {
+            first_line: this.yylloc.last_line,
+            last_line: this.yylineno + 1,
+            first_column: this.yylloc.last_column,
+            last_column: lines ?
+                         lines[lines.length - 1].length - lines[lines.length - 1].match(/\r?\n?/)[0].length :
+                         this.yylloc.last_column + match_str.length
+        };
+        this.yytext += match_str;
+        this.match += match_str;
+        this.matches = match;
+        this.yyleng = this.yytext.length;
+        if (this.options.ranges) {
+            this.yylloc.range = [this.offset, this.offset + this.yyleng];
+        }
+        // previous lex rules MAY have invoked the `more()` API rather than producing a token:
+        // those rules will already have moved this `offset` forward matching their match lengths,
+        // hence we must only add our own match length now:
+        this.offset += match_str.length;
+        this._more = false;
+        this._backtrack = false;
+        this._input = this._input.slice(match_str.length);
+        this.matched += match_str;
+
+        // calling this method: 
+        //
+        //   function lexer__performAction(yy, yy_, $avoiding_name_collisions, YY_START) {...}
+        token = this.performAction.call(this, this.yy, this, indexed_rule, this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length - 1] /* = YY_START */);
+        // otherwise, when the action codes are all simple return token statements:
+        //token = this.simpleCaseActionClusters[indexed_rule];
+
+        if (this.done && this._input) {
+            this.done = false;
+        }
+        if (token) {
+            return token;
+        } else if (this._backtrack) {
+            // recover context
+            for (var k in backup) {
+                this[k] = backup[k];
+            }
+            this.__currentRuleSet__ = null;
+            return false; // rule action called reject() implying the next rule should be tested instead.
+        } else if (this._signaled_error_token) {
+            // produce one 'error' token as .parseError() in reject() did not guarantee a failure signal by throwing an exception!
+            token = this._signaled_error_token;
+            this._signaled_error_token = false;
+            return token;
+        }
+        return false;
+    },
+
+    // return next match in input
+    next: function lexer_next() {
+        if (this.done) {
+            this.clear();
+            return this.EOF;
+        }
+        if (!this._input) {
+            this.done = true;
+        }
+
+        var token,
+            match,
+            tempMatch,
+            index;
+        if (!this._more) {
+            this.clear();
+        }
+        var spec = this.__currentRuleSet__;
+        if (!spec) {
+            // Update the ruleset cache as we apparently encountered a state change or just started lexing.
+            // The cache is set up for fast lookup -- we assume a lexer will switch states much less often than it will
+            // invoke the `lex()` token-producing API and related APIs, hence caching the set for direct access helps
+            // speed up those activities a tiny bit.
+            spec = this.__currentRuleSet__ = this._currentRules();
+        }
+
+        var rule_ids = spec.rules;
+//        var dispatch = spec.__dispatch_lut;
+        var regexes = spec.__rule_regexes;
+        var len = spec.__rule_count;
+
+//        var c0 = this._input[0];
+
+        // Note: the arrays are 1-based, while `len` itself is a valid index, 
+        // hence the non-standard less-or-equal check in the next loop condition!
+        // 
+        // `dispatch` is a lookup table which lists the *first* rule which matches the 1-char *prefix* of the rule-to-match.
+        // By using that array as a jumpstart, we can cut down on the otherwise O(n*m) behaviour of this lexer, down to
+        // O(n) ideally, where:
+        // 
+        // - N is the number of input particles -- which is not precisely characters 
+        //   as we progress on a per-regex-match basis rather than on a per-character basis
+        //   
+        // - M is the number of rules (regexes) to test in the active condition state.
+        //  
+        for (var i = 1 /* (dispatch[c0] || 1) */ ; i <= len; i++) {
+            tempMatch = this._input.match(regexes[i]);
+            if (tempMatch && (!match || tempMatch[0].length > match[0].length)) {
+                match = tempMatch;
+                index = i;
+                if (this.options.backtrack_lexer) {
+                    token = this.test_match(tempMatch, rule_ids[i]);
+                    if (token !== false) {
+                        return token;
+                    } else if (this._backtrack) {
+                        match = undefined;
+                        continue; // rule action called reject() implying a rule MISmatch.
+                    } else {
+                        // else: this is a lexer rule which consumes input without producing a token (e.g. whitespace)
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                } else if (!this.options.flex) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (match) {
+            token = this.test_match(match, rule_ids[index]);
+            if (token !== false) {
+                return token;
+            }
+            // else: this is a lexer rule which consumes input without producing a token (e.g. whitespace)
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (this._input === '') {
+            this.done = true;
+            return this.EOF;
+        } else {
+            var p = this.constructLexErrorInfo('Lexical error on line ' + (this.yylineno + 1) + '. Unrecognized text.\n' + this.showPosition(), this.options.lexer_errors_are_recoverable);
+            token = (this.parseError(p.errStr, p) || this.ERROR);
+            if (token === this.ERROR) {
+                // we can try to recover from a lexer error that parseError() did not 'recover' for us, by moving forward at least one character at a time:
+                if (!this.match.length) {
+                    this.input();
+                }
+            }
+            return token;
+        }
+    },
+
+    // return next match that has a token
+    lex: function lexer_lex() {
+        var r;
+        // allow the PRE/POST handlers set/modify the return token for maximum flexibility of the generated lexer:
+        if (typeof this.options.pre_lex === 'function') {
+            r = this.options.pre_lex.call(this);
+        }
+        while (!r) {
+            r = this.next();
+        }
+        if (typeof this.options.post_lex === 'function') {
+            // (also account for a userdef function which does not return any value: keep the token as is)
+            r = this.options.post_lex.call(this, r) || r;
+        }
+        return r;
+    },
+
+    // backwards compatible alias for `pushState()`;
+    // the latter is symmetrical with `popState()` and we advise to use
+    // those APIs in any modern lexer code, rather than `begin()`.
+    begin: function lexer_begin(condition) {
+        return this.pushState(condition);
+    },
+
+    // activates a new lexer condition state (pushes the new lexer condition state onto the condition stack)
+    pushState: function lexer_pushState(condition) {
+        this.conditionStack.push(condition);
+        this.__currentRuleSet__ = null;
+        return this;
+    },
+
+    // pop the previously active lexer condition state off the condition stack
+    popState: function lexer_popState() {
+        var n = this.conditionStack.length - 1;
+        if (n > 0) {
+            this.__currentRuleSet__ = null;
+            return this.conditionStack.pop();
+        } else {
+            return this.conditionStack[0];
+        }
+    },
+
+    // return the currently active lexer condition state; when an index argument is provided it produces the N-th previous condition state, if available
+    topState: function lexer_topState(n) {
+        n = this.conditionStack.length - 1 - Math.abs(n || 0);
+        if (n >= 0) {
+            return this.conditionStack[n];
+        } else {
+            return 'INITIAL';
+        }
+    },
+
+    // (internal) determine the lexer rule set which is active for the currently active lexer condition state
+    _currentRules: function lexer__currentRules() {
+        if (this.conditionStack.length && this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length - 1]) {
+            return this.conditions[this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length - 1]];
+        } else {
+            return this.conditions['INITIAL'];
+        }
+    },
+
+    // return the number of states currently on the stack
+    stateStackSize: function lexer_stateStackSize() {
+        return this.conditionStack.length;
+    },
+options: {},
+JisonLexerError: JisonLexerError,
+performAction: function lexer__performAction(yy, yy_, $avoiding_name_collisions, YY_START) {
+
+var YYSTATE = YY_START;
+switch($avoiding_name_collisions) {
+case 0 : 
+/*! Conditions:: INITIAL */ 
+/*! Rule::       [ \t\r\n]+ */ 
+ 
+    /* eat up whitespace */
+    BeginToken(yy_.yytext); 
+     
+break;
+case 1 : 
+/*! Conditions:: INITIAL */ 
+/*! Rule::       {DIGIT}+ */ 
+ 
+    BeginToken(yy_.yytext); 
+    yylval.value = atof(yy_.yytext);
+    return VALUE;
+     
+break;
+case 2 : 
+/*! Conditions:: INITIAL */ 
+/*! Rule::       {DIGIT}+\.{DIGIT}* */ 
+ 
+    BeginToken(yy_.yytext);
+    yylval.value = atof(yy_.yytext);
+    return VALUE;
+     
+break;
+case 3 : 
+/*! Conditions:: INITIAL */ 
+/*! Rule::       {DIGIT}+[eE]["+""-"]?{DIGIT}* */ 
+ 
+    BeginToken(yy_.yytext);
+    yylval.value = atof(yy_.yytext);
+    return VALUE;
+     
+break;
+case 4 : 
+/*! Conditions:: INITIAL */ 
+/*! Rule::       {DIGIT}+\.{DIGIT}*[eE]["+""-"]?{DIGIT}* */ 
+ 
+    BeginToken(yy_.yytext);
+    yylval.value = atof(yy_.yytext);
+    return VALUE;
+     
+break;
+case 5 : 
+/*! Conditions:: INITIAL */ 
+/*! Rule::       {ID} */ 
+ 
+    BeginToken(yy_.yytext);
+    yylval.string = malloc(strlen(yy_.yytext)+1);
+    strcpy(yylval.string, yy_.yytext);
+    return IDENTIFIER;
+     
+break;
+case 6 : 
+/*! Conditions:: INITIAL */ 
+/*! Rule::       \+ */ 
+  BeginToken(yy_.yytext); return ADD;  
+break;
+case 7 : 
+/*! Conditions:: INITIAL */ 
+/*! Rule::       - */ 
+  BeginToken(yy_.yytext); return SUB;  
+break;
+case 8 : 
+/*! Conditions:: INITIAL */ 
+/*! Rule::       \* */ 
+  BeginToken(yy_.yytext); return MULT;  
+break;
+case 9 : 
+/*! Conditions:: INITIAL */ 
+/*! Rule::       \/ */ 
+  BeginToken(yy_.yytext); return DIV;  
+break;
+case 10 : 
+/*! Conditions:: INITIAL */ 
+/*! Rule::       \( */ 
+  BeginToken(yy_.yytext); return LBRACE;  
+break;
+case 11 : 
+/*! Conditions:: INITIAL */ 
+/*! Rule::       \) */ 
+  BeginToken(yy_.yytext); return RBRACE;  
+break;
+case 12 : 
+/*! Conditions:: INITIAL */ 
+/*! Rule::       ; */ 
+  BeginToken(yy_.yytext); return SEMICOLON;  
+break;
+case 13 : 
+/*! Conditions:: INITIAL */ 
+/*! Rule::       = */ 
+  BeginToken(yy_.yytext); return ASSIGN;  
+break;
+case 14 : 
+/*! Conditions:: INITIAL */ 
+/*! Rule::       . */ 
+ 
+    BeginToken(yy_.yytext);
+    return yy_.yytext[0];
+     
+break;
+default:
+  return this.simpleCaseActionClusters[$avoiding_name_collisions];
+}
+},
+simpleCaseActionClusters: {
+
+},
+rules: [
+/^(?:[ \t\r\n]+)/,
+/^(?:(\d)+)/,
+/^(?:(\d)+\.(\d)*)/,
+/^(?:(\d)+[Ee]["+]?(\d)*)/,
+/^(?:(\d)+\.(\d)*[Ee]["+]?(\d)*)/,
+/^(?:([^\W\d]\w*))/,
+/^(?:\+)/,
+/^(?:-)/,
+/^(?:\*)/,
+/^(?:\/)/,
+/^(?:\()/,
+/^(?:\))/,
+/^(?:;)/,
+/^(?:=)/,
+/^(?:.)/
+],
+conditions: {
+  "INITIAL": {
+    rules: [
+      0,
+      1,
+      2,
+      3,
+      4,
+      5,
+      6,
+      7,
+      8,
+      9,
+      10,
+      11,
+      12,
+      13,
+      14
+    ],
+    inclusive: true
+  }
+}
+};
+
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * lex.l
+ *------------------------------------------------------------------*/;
+return lexer;
+})();

samples/JavaScript/proto.js

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/**
+ * @fileoverview
+ * @enhanceable
+ * @public
+ */
+// GENERATED CODE -- DO NOT EDIT!
+
+goog.provide('proto.google.protobuf.Timestamp');
+
+goog.require('jspb.Message');
+
+/**
+ * Generated by JsPbCodeGenerator.
+ * @param {Array=} opt_data Optional initial data array, typically from a
+ * server response, or constructed directly in Javascript. The array is used
+ * in place and becomes part of the constructed object. It is not cloned.
+ * If no data is provided, the constructed object will be empty, but still
+ * valid.
+ * @extends {jspb.Message}
+ * @constructor
+ */
+proto.google.protobuf.Timestamp = function(opt_data) {
+  jspb.Message.initialize(this, opt_data, 0, -1, null, null);
+};
+goog.inherits(proto.google.protobuf.Timestamp, jspb.Message);
+if (goog.DEBUG && !COMPILED) {
+  proto.google.protobuf.Timestamp.displayName = 'proto.google.protobuf.Timestamp';
+}
+
+
+// Remainder elided

samples/Jison Lex/classy.jisonlex

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+digit                       [0-9]
+id                          [a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*
+
+%%
+"//".*                      /* ignore comment */
+"main"                      return 'MAIN';
+"class"                     return 'CLASS';
+"extends"                   return 'EXTENDS';
+"nat"                       return 'NATTYPE';
+"if"                        return 'IF';
+"else"                      return 'ELSE';
+"for"                       return 'FOR';
+"printNat"                  return 'PRINTNAT';
+"readNat"                   return 'READNAT';
+"this"                      return 'THIS';
+"new"                       return 'NEW';
+"var"                       return 'VAR';
+"null"                      return 'NUL';
+{digit}+                    return 'NATLITERAL';
+{id}                        return 'ID';
+"=="                        return 'EQUALITY';
+"="                         return 'ASSIGN';
+"+"                         return 'PLUS';
+"-"                         return 'MINUS';
+"*"                         return 'TIMES';
+">"                         return 'GREATER';
+"||"                        return 'OR';
+"!"                         return 'NOT';
+"."                         return 'DOT';
+"{"                         return 'LBRACE';
+"}"                         return 'RBRACE';
+"("                         return 'LPAREN';
+")"                         return 'RPAREN';
+";"                         return 'SEMICOLON';
+\s+                         /* skip whitespace */
+"."                         throw 'Illegal character';
+<<EOF>>                     return 'ENDOFFILE';
+
+

samples/Jison Lex/lex_grammar.jisonlex

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+
+%%
+\n+                         {yy.freshLine = true;}
+\s+                         {yy.freshLine = false;}
+"y{"[^}]*"}"                {yytext = yytext.substr(2, yyleng - 3); return 'ACTION';}
+[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_-]*     {return 'NAME';}
+'"'([^"]|'\"')*'"'          {return 'STRING_LIT';}
+"'"([^']|"\'")*"'"          {return 'STRING_LIT';}
+"|"                         {return '|';}
+"["("\]"|[^\]])*"]"         {return 'ANY_GROUP_REGEX';}
+"("                         {return '(';}
+")"                         {return ')';}
+"+"                         {return '+';}
+"*"                         {return '*';}
+"?"                         {return '?';}
+"^"                         {return '^';}
+"/"                         {return '/';}
+"\\"[a-zA-Z0]               {return 'ESCAPE_CHAR';}
+"$"                         {return '$';}
+"<<EOF>>"                   {return '$';}
+"."                         {return '.';}
+"%%"                        {return '%%';}
+"{"\d+(","\s?\d+|",")?"}"   {return 'RANGE_REGEX';}
+/"{"                        %{if (yy.freshLine) { this.input('{'); return '{'; } else { this.unput('y'); }%}
+"}"                         %{return '}';%}
+"%{"(.|\n)*?"}%"            {yytext = yytext.substr(2, yyleng - 4); return 'ACTION';}
+.                           {/* ignore bad characters */}
+<<EOF>>                     {return 'EOF';}
+

samples/Jison/ansic.jison

@@ -0,0 +1,418 @@
+%token IDENTIFIER CONSTANT STRING_LITERAL SIZEOF
+%token PTR_OP INC_OP DEC_OP LEFT_OP RIGHT_OP LE_OP GE_OP EQ_OP NE_OP
+%token AND_OP OR_OP MUL_ASSIGN DIV_ASSIGN MOD_ASSIGN ADD_ASSIGN
+%token SUB_ASSIGN LEFT_ASSIGN RIGHT_ASSIGN AND_ASSIGN
+%token XOR_ASSIGN OR_ASSIGN TYPE_NAME
+
+%token TYPEDEF EXTERN STATIC AUTO REGISTER
+%token CHAR SHORT INT LONG SIGNED UNSIGNED FLOAT DOUBLE CONST VOLATILE VOID
+%token STRUCT UNION ENUM ELLIPSIS
+
+%token CASE DEFAULT IF ELSE SWITCH WHILE DO FOR GOTO CONTINUE BREAK RETURN
+
+%nonassoc IF_WITHOUT_ELSE
+%nonassoc ELSE
+
+%start translation_unit
+%%
+
+primary_expression
+    : IDENTIFIER
+    | CONSTANT
+    | STRING_LITERAL
+    | '(' expression ')'
+    ;
+
+postfix_expression
+    : primary_expression
+    | postfix_expression '[' expression ']'
+    | postfix_expression '(' ')'
+    | postfix_expression '(' argument_expression_list ')'
+    | postfix_expression '.' IDENTIFIER
+    | postfix_expression PTR_OP IDENTIFIER
+    | postfix_expression INC_OP
+    | postfix_expression DEC_OP
+    ;
+
+argument_expression_list
+    : assignment_expression
+    | argument_expression_list ',' assignment_expression
+    ;
+
+unary_expression
+    : postfix_expression
+    | INC_OP unary_expression
+    | DEC_OP unary_expression
+    | unary_operator cast_expression
+    | SIZEOF unary_expression
+    | SIZEOF '(' type_name ')'
+    ;
+
+unary_operator
+    : '&'
+    | '*'
+    | '+'
+    | '-'
+    | '~'
+    | '!'
+    ;
+
+cast_expression
+    : unary_expression
+    | '(' type_name ')' cast_expression
+    ;
+
+multiplicative_expression
+    : cast_expression
+    | multiplicative_expression '*' cast_expression
+    | multiplicative_expression '/' cast_expression
+    | multiplicative_expression '%' cast_expression
+    ;
+
+additive_expression
+    : multiplicative_expression
+    | additive_expression '+' multiplicative_expression
+    | additive_expression '-' multiplicative_expression
+    ;
+
+shift_expression
+    : additive_expression
+    | shift_expression LEFT_OP additive_expression
+    | shift_expression RIGHT_OP additive_expression
+    ;
+
+relational_expression
+    : shift_expression
+    | relational_expression '<' shift_expression
+    | relational_expression '>' shift_expression
+    | relational_expression LE_OP shift_expression
+    | relational_expression GE_OP shift_expression
+    ;
+
+equality_expression
+    : relational_expression
+    | equality_expression EQ_OP relational_expression
+    | equality_expression NE_OP relational_expression
+    ;
+
+and_expression
+    : equality_expression
+    | and_expression '&' equality_expression
+    ;
+
+exclusive_or_expression
+    : and_expression
+    | exclusive_or_expression '^' and_expression
+    ;
+
+inclusive_or_expression
+    : exclusive_or_expression
+    | inclusive_or_expression '|' exclusive_or_expression
+    ;
+
+logical_and_expression
+    : inclusive_or_expression
+    | logical_and_expression AND_OP inclusive_or_expression
+    ;
+
+logical_or_expression
+    : logical_and_expression
+    | logical_or_expression OR_OP logical_and_expression
+    ;
+
+conditional_expression
+    : logical_or_expression
+    | logical_or_expression '?' expression ':' conditional_expression
+    ;
+
+assignment_expression
+    : conditional_expression
+    | unary_expression assignment_operator assignment_expression
+    ;
+
+assignment_operator
+    : '='
+    | MUL_ASSIGN
+    | DIV_ASSIGN
+    | MOD_ASSIGN
+    | ADD_ASSIGN
+    | SUB_ASSIGN
+    | LEFT_ASSIGN
+    | RIGHT_ASSIGN
+    | AND_ASSIGN
+    | XOR_ASSIGN
+    | OR_ASSIGN
+    ;
+
+expression
+    : assignment_expression
+    | expression ',' assignment_expression
+    ;
+
+constant_expression
+    : conditional_expression
+    ;
+
+declaration
+    : declaration_specifiers ';'
+    | declaration_specifiers init_declarator_list ';'
+    ;
+
+declaration_specifiers
+    : storage_class_specifier
+    | storage_class_specifier declaration_specifiers
+    | type_specifier
+    | type_specifier declaration_specifiers
+    | type_qualifier
+    | type_qualifier declaration_specifiers
+    ;
+
+init_declarator_list
+    : init_declarator
+    | init_declarator_list ',' init_declarator
+    ;
+
+init_declarator
+    : declarator
+    | declarator '=' initializer
+    ;
+
+storage_class_specifier
+    : TYPEDEF
+    | EXTERN
+    | STATIC
+    | AUTO
+    | REGISTER
+    ;
+
+type_specifier
+    : VOID
+    | CHAR
+    | SHORT
+    | INT
+    | LONG
+    | FLOAT
+    | DOUBLE
+    | SIGNED
+    | UNSIGNED
+    | struct_or_union_specifier
+    | enum_specifier
+    | TYPE_NAME
+    ;
+
+struct_or_union_specifier
+    : struct_or_union IDENTIFIER '{' struct_declaration_list '}'
+    | struct_or_union '{' struct_declaration_list '}'
+    | struct_or_union IDENTIFIER
+    ;
+
+struct_or_union
+    : STRUCT
+    | UNION
+    ;
+
+struct_declaration_list
+    : struct_declaration
+    | struct_declaration_list struct_declaration
+    ;
+
+struct_declaration
+    : specifier_qualifier_list struct_declarator_list ';'
+    ;
+
+specifier_qualifier_list
+    : type_specifier specifier_qualifier_list
+    | type_specifier
+    | type_qualifier specifier_qualifier_list
+    | type_qualifier
+    ;
+
+struct_declarator_list
+    : struct_declarator
+    | struct_declarator_list ',' struct_declarator
+    ;
+
+struct_declarator
+    : declarator
+    | ':' constant_expression
+    | declarator ':' constant_expression
+    ;
+
+enum_specifier
+    : ENUM '{' enumerator_list '}'
+    | ENUM IDENTIFIER '{' enumerator_list '}'
+    | ENUM IDENTIFIER
+    ;
+
+enumerator_list
+    : enumerator
+    | enumerator_list ',' enumerator
+    ;
+
+enumerator
+    : IDENTIFIER
+    | IDENTIFIER '=' constant_expression
+    ;
+
+type_qualifier
+    : CONST
+    | VOLATILE
+    ;
+
+declarator
+    : pointer direct_declarator
+    | direct_declarator
+    ;
+
+direct_declarator
+    : IDENTIFIER
+    | '(' declarator ')'
+    | direct_declarator '[' constant_expression ']'
+    | direct_declarator '[' ']'
+    | direct_declarator '(' parameter_type_list ')'
+    | direct_declarator '(' identifier_list ')'
+    | direct_declarator '(' ')'
+    ;
+
+pointer
+    : '*'
+    | '*' type_qualifier_list
+    | '*' pointer
+    | '*' type_qualifier_list pointer
+    ;
+
+type_qualifier_list
+    : type_qualifier
+    | type_qualifier_list type_qualifier
+    ;
+
+
+parameter_type_list
+    : parameter_list
+    | parameter_list ',' ELLIPSIS
+    ;
+
+parameter_list
+    : parameter_declaration
+    | parameter_list ',' parameter_declaration
+    ;
+
+parameter_declaration
+    : declaration_specifiers declarator
+    | declaration_specifiers abstract_declarator
+    | declaration_specifiers
+    ;
+
+identifier_list
+    : IDENTIFIER
+    | identifier_list ',' IDENTIFIER
+    ;
+
+type_name
+    : specifier_qualifier_list
+    | specifier_qualifier_list abstract_declarator
+    ;
+
+abstract_declarator
+    : pointer
+    | direct_abstract_declarator
+    | pointer direct_abstract_declarator
+    ;
+
+direct_abstract_declarator
+    : '(' abstract_declarator ')'
+    | '[' ']'
+    | '[' constant_expression ']'
+    | direct_abstract_declarator '[' ']'
+    | direct_abstract_declarator '[' constant_expression ']'
+    | '(' ')'
+    | '(' parameter_type_list ')'
+    | direct_abstract_declarator '(' ')'
+    | direct_abstract_declarator '(' parameter_type_list ')'
+    ;
+
+initializer
+    : assignment_expression
+    | '{' initializer_list '}'
+    | '{' initializer_list ',' '}'
+    ;
+
+initializer_list
+    : initializer
+    | initializer_list ',' initializer
+    ;
+
+statement
+    : labeled_statement
+    | compound_statement
+    | expression_statement
+    | selection_statement
+    | iteration_statement
+    | jump_statement
+    ;
+
+labeled_statement
+    : IDENTIFIER ':' statement
+    | CASE constant_expression ':' statement
+    | DEFAULT ':' statement
+    ;
+
+compound_statement
+    : '{' '}'
+    | '{' statement_list '}'
+    | '{' declaration_list '}'
+    | '{' declaration_list statement_list '}'
+    ;
+
+declaration_list
+    : declaration
+    | declaration_list declaration
+    ;
+
+statement_list
+    : statement
+    | statement_list statement
+    ;
+
+expression_statement
+    : ';'
+    | expression ';'
+    ;
+
+selection_statement
+    : IF '(' expression ')' statement %prec IF_WITHOUT_ELSE
+    | IF '(' expression ')' statement ELSE statement
+    | SWITCH '(' expression ')' statement
+    ;
+
+iteration_statement
+    : WHILE '(' expression ')' statement
+    | DO statement WHILE '(' expression ')' ';'
+    | FOR '(' expression_statement expression_statement ')' statement
+    | FOR '(' expression_statement expression_statement expression ')' statement
+    ;
+
+jump_statement
+    : GOTO IDENTIFIER ';'
+    | CONTINUE ';'
+    | BREAK ';'
+    | RETURN ';'
+    | RETURN expression ';'
+    ;
+
+translation_unit
+    : external_declaration
+    | translation_unit external_declaration
+    ;
+
+external_declaration
+    : function_definition
+    | declaration
+    ;
+
+function_definition
+    : declaration_specifiers declarator declaration_list compound_statement
+    | declaration_specifiers declarator compound_statement
+    | declarator declaration_list compound_statement
+    | declarator compound_statement
+    ;

samples/Jison/classy.jison

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+
+/* description: ClassyLang grammar. Very classy. */
+/*
+  To build parser:
+
+    $ ./bin/jison examples/classy.jison examples/classy.jisonlex
+
+*/
+
+
+/* author: Zach Carter */
+
+%right ASSIGN
+%left OR
+%nonassoc EQUALITY GREATER
+%left PLUS MINUS
+%left TIMES
+%right NOT
+%left DOT
+
+%%
+
+pgm
+    : cdl MAIN LBRACE vdl el RBRACE ENDOFFILE
+    ;
+
+cdl
+    : c cdl
+    |
+    ;
+
+c
+    : CLASS id EXTENDS id LBRACE vdl mdl RBRACE
+    ;
+
+vdl
+    : VAR t id SEMICOLON vdl
+    |
+    ;
+
+mdl
+    : t id LPAREN t id RPAREN LBRACE vdl el RBRACE mdl
+    |
+    ;
+
+t
+    : NATTYPE
+    | id
+    ;
+
+id
+    : ID
+    ;
+
+el
+    : e SEMICOLON el
+    | e SEMICOLON
+    ;
+
+e
+    : NATLITERAL
+    | NUL
+    | id
+    | NEW id
+    | THIS
+    | IF LPAREN e RPAREN LBRACE el RBRACE ELSE LBRACE el RBRACE
+    | FOR LPAREN e SEMICOLON e SEMICOLON e RPAREN LBRACE el RBRACE
+    | READNAT LPAREN RPAREN
+    | PRINTNAT LPAREN e RPAREN
+    | e PLUS e
+    | e MINUS e
+    | e TIMES e
+    | e EQUALITY e
+    | e GREATER e
+    | NOT e
+    | e OR e
+    | e DOT id
+    | id ASSIGN e
+    | e DOT id ASSIGN e
+    | id LPAREN e RPAREN
+    | e DOT id LPAREN e RPAREN
+    | LPAREN e RPAREN
+    ;
+

samples/Jison/lex.jison

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+
+// `%nonassoc` tells the parser compiler (JISON) that these tokens cannot occur more than once,
+// i.e. input like '//a' (tokens '/', '/' and 'a') is not a legal input while '/a' (tokens '/' and 'a')
+// *is* legal input for this grammar.
+ 
+%nonassoc '/' '/!'
+
+// Likewise for `%left`: this informs the LALR(1) grammar compiler (JISON) that these tokens
+// *can* occur repeatedly, e.g. 'a?*' and even 'a**' are considered legal inputs given this
+// grammar!
+//
+// Token `RANGE_REGEX` may seem the odd one out here but really isn't: given the `regex_base`
+// choice/rule `regex_base range_regex`, which is recursive, this grammar tells JISON that 
+// any input matching a sequence like `regex_base range_regex range_regex` *is* legal.
+// If you do not want that to be legal, you MUST adjust the grammar rule set you match your
+// actual intent.
+
+%left '*' '+' '?' RANGE_REGEX
+
+
+%% 
+
+lex 
+    : definitions include '%%' rules '%%' EOF
+        {{ $$ = {macros: $1, rules: $4};
+          if ($2) $$.actionInclude = $2;
+          return $$; }}
+    | definitions include '%%' rules EOF
+        {{ $$ = {macros: $1, rules: $4};
+          if ($2) $$.actionInclude = $2;
+          return $$; }}
+    ;
+
+include
+    : action
+    |
+    ;
+
+definitions
+    : definitions definition
+        { $$ = $1; $$.concat($2); }
+    | definition
+        { $$ = [$1]; }
+    ;
+
+definition
+    : name regex
+        { $$ = [$1, $2]; }
+    ;
+
+name
+    : NAME
+        { $$ = yytext; }
+    ;
+
+rules
+    : rules rule
+        { $$ = $1; $$.push($2); }
+    | rule
+        { $$ = [$1]; }
+    ;
+
+rule
+    : regex action
+        { $$ = [$1, $2]; }
+    ;
+
+action
+    : ACTION 
+        { $$ = yytext; }
+    ;
+
+regex
+    : start_caret regex_list end_dollar
+        { $$ = $1+$2+$3; }
+    ;
+
+start_caret
+    : '^'
+        { $$ = '^'; }
+    |
+        { $$ = ''; }
+    ;
+
+end_dollar
+    : '$'
+        { $$ = '$'; }
+    |
+        { $$ = ''; }
+    ;
+
+regex_list
+    : regex_list '|' regex_chain
+        { $$ = $1+'|'+$3; }
+    | regex_chain
+    ;
+
+regex_chain
+    : regex_chain regex_base
+        { $$ = $1+$2;}
+    | regex_base
+        { $$ = $1;}
+    ;
+
+regex_base
+    : '(' regex_list ')'
+        { $$ = '('+$2+')'; }
+    | regex_base '+'
+        { $$ = $1+'+'; }
+    | regex_base '*'
+        { $$ = $1+'*'; }
+    | regex_base '?'
+        { $$ = $1+'?'; }
+    | '/' regex_base
+        { $$ = '(?=' + $regex_base + ')'; }
+    | '/!' regex_base
+        { $$ = '(?!' + $regex_base + ')'; }
+    | name_expansion
+    | regex_base range_regex
+        { $$ = $1+$2; }
+    | any_group_regex
+    | '.'
+        { $$ = '.'; }
+    | string
+    ;
+
+name_expansion
+    : '{' name '}'
+        {{ $$ = '{'+$2+'}'; }}
+    ;
+
+any_group_regex
+    : ANY_GROUP_REGEX
+        { $$ = yytext; }
+    ;
+
+range_regex
+    : RANGE_REGEX
+        { $$ = yytext; }
+    ;
+
+string
+    : STRING_LIT
+        { $$ = yy.prepareString(yytext.substr(1, yyleng-2)); }
+    ;

samples/Jolie/common.iol

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+include "types/Binding.iol"
+
+constants {
+	Location_Exam = "socket://localhost:8000"
+}
+
+type StartExamRequest:void {
+	.examName:string
+	.studentName:string
+	.student:Binding
+}
+
+type MakeQuestionRequest:void {
+	.question:string
+	.examName:string
+	.studentName:string
+}
+
+type DecisionMessage:void {
+	.studentName:string
+	.examName:string
+}
+
+interface ExamInterface {
+OneWay:
+	startExam(StartExamRequest),
+	pass(DecisionMessage), fail(DecisionMessage)
+RequestResponse:
+	makeQuestion(MakeQuestionRequest)(int)
+}
+
+interface StudentInterface {
+OneWay:
+	sendMessage(string)
+RequestResponse:
+	makeQuestion(MakeQuestionRequest)(int)
+}